国外小型家鸭柯尔鸭介绍

<正>柯尔鸭是世界著名的小型鸭、观赏鸭、宠物鸭品种。近年来笔者收集到的《欧洲家禽图鉴》《家禽品种实用指南》《家禽品种》《漂亮的鸭》等国外家禽品种志、饲养书上多有介绍。而国内家鸭品种志书、养鸭书上却少有介绍。目前《欧洲家禽图鉴》（1994）介绍白色柯尔鸭为小型鸭。公鸭570～680克,母鸭450～570克。蛋壳色以白色为主,也有淡青色。嘴短,呈橙黄色,脚呈黄色。羽色有橙黄、褐色、黑色、青色4种。     

荣昌某鸭场呼肠孤病毒的分离与鉴定

鸭呼肠孤病毒病是由呼肠孤病毒引起的一种鸭的急性、高度致死性传染病,俗称"花肝病",临床上以脚软、下痢等为主要特征,剖检主要表现肝脏、脾脏肿大,表面有点状或斑块状出血,并出现大量白色坏死灶,呈花斑状[1-3],主要发生于番鸭和半番鸭.目前,多数学者报道该病毒只对番鸭易感,对其他品种雏鸭的易感性差.2009年12月份,重...     

狄高鸭好

狄高鸭是澳大利亚育成的世界知名的肉鸭品种,具有早熟、换羽快、易肥、肉嫩皮脆、屠宰率高等优点。狄高鸭外貌近似北京鸭,羽毛乳白色,体形硕大,头大颈粗,背宽长,尾稍翘起,脚粗短,喙和蹼呈橙黄色。我县牛山乡养殖场,1986年春季从上海引进狄高种鸭700余只,经过二年的饲养证     

番鸭

又名"瘤头鸭"、"洋鸭",原产南、中美洲地区。脸和颈上部皮肤粗红,嘴基部和眼部有不规则肉瘤,羽一毛有白色和杂色,头大、脚矮.体躯长椭圆形而扁平。肌肉丰满,脂肪少,是良好的肉用鸭,也可填肥产肝。     

番鸭"花肝病"的诊治

番鸭“花肝病”是近年来出现的番鸭传染病,是目前危害番鸭的主要传染病之一。1发病情况景宁县某农户饲养番鸭300羽,9日龄时,部分雏鸭出现精神萎靡、脚软、食欲不振、腹泻死亡等现象,遂将病鸭送至县畜牧兽医站诊治。2临床症状与病变患鸭精神沉郁、食欲不振、腹泻,粪便呈绿色或白色。剖检病死鸭,可见肝脏表面布满针尖大小的灰白色或黄白色坏死点,如花斑状,直径0.5mm。肝脏肿大,呈褐色。脾脏、胰腺出现坏死灶,气囊炎和有纤维性渗出物。3流行特点3.1发病特点该病以番雏鸭发病为主,以春、夏潮湿季节发病最为严重。3～30日龄雏鸭均可发病,尤以10日…     

雏鹅鸭疫里默氏杆菌病诊治

<正>鸭疫里默氏杆菌病亦称鸭传染性浆膜炎,是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌引起的,以危害雏鸭、雏鹅为主的接触性传染病。1临床症状病鹅体温升高,缩颈、拱背,精神沉郁,羽毛松乱,食欲减退或废食,流泪,眼睑周围绒毛湿润、粘连或脱落,鼻流浆液性或黏液性分泌物,严重者鼻孔周围结痂,少部分鹅鼻腔肿胀,出现明显的鼻窦炎症状。病鹅咳嗽,打喷嚏,拉稀,粪便呈黄色或绿白色的水样,脚软无力,行走迟缓或蹲伏不动,离群独处。病程长、病情严重者共济失     

雏鸭高锰酸钾中毒

2007年3月15日,我市某鸭场购进雏鸭1000只.当天起即给雏鸭饮用高锰酸钾水,当晚有雏鸭发病,并有死亡. 经检查,鸭料无发霉变质现象,但是鸭饮用的高锰酸钾水按其颜色深度已超过0.02%.病鸭表现为精神不振,独立一隅,或聚在灯光下.嘴角有粘液,并粘有饲料.拉白色稀粪,脚软,头颈伸长着地,最后,神志昏迷而死.     

鸭病毒性传染病防治

由疱疹病毒引起的一种鸭的急性、接触性、败血性传染病。发病鸭头颈部肿大，俗称“大头瘟”。该病不同日龄和不同品种的鸭均可感染。死亡率在90％以上。本病的主要特征是病鸭高热、头颈肿大、缩颈、流泪、眼睑水肿、两翅下垂、脚麻痹，重病鸭伏地不起，排绿色或灰绿色稀粪。产蛋鸭产蛋量下降。病鸭呈全身急性败血症，肝有灰黄色、不规则、大小不等的坏死点和出血点，泄殖腔黏膜充血、出血、水肿及出现坏死灶。     

雏鸭高锰酸钾中毒

2007年3月15日,我市某鸭场购进雏鸭1000只。当天起即给雏鸭饮用高锰酸钾水,当晚有雏鸭发病,并有死亡。 经检查,鸭料无发霉变质现象,但是鸭饮用的高锰酸钾水按其颜色深度已超过0．02％。病鸭表现为精神不振,独立一隅,或聚在灯光下。嘴角有粘液,并粘有饲料。拉白色稀粪,脚软,头颈伸长着地,最后,神志昏迷而死。     

雏鸭病毒性肝炎诊治

鸭病毒性肝炎是雏鸭的一种急性、高度致死性病毒性传染病.病鸭死前头向后仰,两脚呈游泳状划动.本病发病急、传染快、致死率高.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.