斑点叉尾鮰病毒性疾病综述

综述了斑点叉尾鮰病毒病的流行情况、临床症状,论述了影响疾病爆发的因子、诊断、治疗、控制和预防措施。     

斑点叉尾鮰病毒性疾病综述

本文综述了斑点叉尾鮰主要的病毒性疾病的流行情况、临床症状、诊断和治疗措施等,以期为斑点叉尾鮰的养殖生产和疾病防治提供参考依据.     

斑点叉尾鮰出血病病毒疫苗的研究

斑点叉尾鮰病毒性出血病能使斑点叉尾鮰大规模的死亡,主要是由疱疹病毒病引起的。本实验通过对病鱼组织进行捣碎,离心,灭菌,灭活等几个实验步骤之后制备出疫苗。将制备的疫苗再用斑点叉尾鮰进行安全与毒理试验。结果表明给体长10 cm左右的小鱼注射0.1mL的疫苗比较适合,保护率为70%。该研究为进一步深入开展对此病的防治提供参考,以提高斑点叉尾鮰的养殖生产率。     

斑点叉尾鮰生物学研究

斑点叉尾为原产于美洲的大型经济鱼类 ,美国自二十世纪 6 0年代开始商业养殖 ,我国于 1986年引进。我们对其进行了三年的研究 ,在观察解剖的基础上 ,系统总结了斑点叉尾的生物学特点     

池塘主养斑点叉尾试验

在一面积为 5.4亩的池塘中 ,主养斑点叉尾 ,亩放养斑点叉尾冬片鱼种 730尾 ,规格 18.8克 /尾 ,经 2 70天养殖 ,取得亩产斑点叉尾成鱼 4 2 0kg ,规格 650克 /尾 ,成活率 88.5% ,亩产值8895元 ,亩效益 4 60 4 .8元的结果     

斑点叉尾胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼发育的观察

试验对斑点叉尾的胚胎及卵黄囊期仔鱼形态发育的过程进行观察、描述,研究了其发育特征。结果表明：斑点叉尾受精卵在水温24±1℃时,出膜时间（胚胎期）约为147h 30min。水温25±1℃时,斑点叉尾鮰卵黄囊期约为134h。     

斑点叉尾鮰呼肠孤病毒CCRV诱导CCK细胞凋亡的研究

为研究斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒(CCRV)诱导斑点叉尾(鱼回)肾脏细胞(CCK)发生凋亡的机理,以CCRV感染的CCK细胞为实验材料,采用Hoechst 33258染色、DNA片段化检测、TUNEL反应、亚G1期细胞检测以及线粒体膜电位变化检测等方法进行实验.感染试验结果显示,病毒感染斑点叉尾(鱼回)肾脏组织细胞后,细胞变圆、皱缩,随后细胞脱落,细胞单层呈网状,感染72 h后出现典型细胞病变效应(CPE);病毒感染48 h后Hoechst 33258染色结果显示,细胞的染色质固缩、核边缘化或破裂,可观察到凋亡小体,细胞凋亡率随时间增加;DNA片段化检测结果显示,病毒感染细胞12 h后细胞基因组DNA出现片段化,随后逐渐增强,72 h达到最高;TUNEL反应结果表明,病毒感染细胞72 h后细胞基因组DNA断裂,有大量游离3’末端自由羟基(-OH)存在.亚G1期细胞检测结果显示,病毒感染48 h后,约53.44％细胞处于亚G1期;利用JC-1检测试剂盒检测病毒感染细胞的线粒体膜电位变化,病毒感染细胞24 h后线粒体膜通透性发生改变,膜电位变化显著.紫外线灭活与热灭活的斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒不能诱导斑点叉尾(鱼回)肾脏细胞发生凋亡,表明细胞凋亡依赖于病毒复制.     

红色和黑色斑点叉尾鮰人工繁殖试验

通过人工控制手段,促使红色斑点叉尾鮰与黑色斑点叉尾鮰自行配对、产卵、收集受精卵集中孵化,获得浅黑色的鱼苗;要获得稳定的红鮰鱼苗,必须采取红色斑点叉尾鮰自交的方法。     

斑点叉尾鮰病毒“自杀性”ＤＮＡ疫苗的构建及其体外表达检测

根据CCVORF6基因序列,设计合适的引物,扩增ORF6基因,分别将其克隆到"自杀性"DNA疫苗载体pS-FV与常规DNA疫苗载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,转化感受态细胞DH5α后提取质粒,构建斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punc-tatus)"自杀性"DNA疫苗ps-ORF6与常规DNA疫苗pcd-ORF6,利用转化后的大肠杆菌菌液为模板进行PCR扩增、提取质粒酶切鉴定以及序列测定等方法证实重组质粒构建正确。将重组质粒转染人胚肾细胞(293T),间接免疫荧光试验表明ORF6均获得表达,但"自杀性"DNA疫苗的表达效果不如常规DNA疫苗,该研究为这2种疫苗进一步的鱼体试验奠定了基础。     

HACCP体系在斑点叉尾人工繁殖中的应用

在江西峡江和赣州进行了HACCP(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point)体系在斑点叉尾(Ictaluruspunctatus)人工繁殖中的应用研究。应用HACCP的基本原理,对整个斑点叉尾人工繁殖过程进行危害分析,确立了亲鱼培育池的选择、亲鱼种质选择、亲鱼产卵池的选择、受精卵孵化、苗种培育、水质监测、饲料供应、日常管理等8个关键控制点,提出了相应的预防措施、关键限值、监控措施以及超过关键限值时的纠正措施,使各关键控制点处于人为控制之下。实现了斑点叉尾人工繁殖按无公害化、规范化、标准化生产。     

Comparison of susceptibility of various fish species to experimental infection with channel catfish virus

Channel catfish virus (CCV) disease is an acute haemorrhagic disease in juvenile channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ). To date channel catfish is the only species affected by natural outbreaks of the CCV but juvenile large mouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) and silurus ( Silurus meriaionalis ) have suffered high mortalities in recent years in China. Histopathological phenomenon of sick fish is similar to CCV disease, and the identified virus was CCV. In this report, the pathogenicity of infectious CCV was examined by infection trials on the first known host species, the channel catfish and other teleosts. Our results indicated that there were higher detection rates of CCV from large mouth bass and silurus fish. Channel catfish virus did not induce mortality in other cypriniformes, but histopathological studies revealed that carp might be infected by both bathing and intraperitoneal infection. No deaths, clinical or histopathological signs, were found in the six other species exposed by immersion or injection. Experimental infection studies confirm that CCV infect not only channel catfish but also other species (large mouth bass, silutus and carp). The outbreaks of CCV disease only occurred when the cultured temperature was above 25 °C.     

斑点叉尾鲖BPI1基因的原核表达及生物信息学分析

为探究斑点叉尾鲖BPI1抗菌肽基因编码蛋白的结构特征,实验提取斑点叉尾鲖肾脏RNA,根据BPI1基因序列设计引物,利用PCR方法克隆BPI1基因并构建至原核表达载体p TWIN1中。构建成功的重组质粒p TWIN1-BPI1经原核表达,SDS-PAGE检测显示得到约为50 ku的融合蛋白,与预期结果相一致。通过生物信息学软件对BPI1基因编码的蛋白序列进行分析,结果显示,克隆所得斑点叉尾鲖BPI1基因编码一条由223个氨基酸残基组成的多肽,等电点为9.07,属于BPI超家族,是稳定的亲水蛋白。亚细胞定位BPI1分布在线粒体(43.5%)、细胞质(30.4%)和细胞核(26.1%)中,表明BPI1可能在嘌呤和嘧啶合成以及能量代谢等过程中发挥信号转导、促进生长等重要作用。二级结构以α-螺旋和β-折叠为主,三级结构呈棒状。同源性及进化树分析表明,实验所得BPI1基因序列与斑点叉尾鲖BPI抗菌肽基因的同源性最高,序列一致性为99.1%,进化树聚为一支,表明BPI1基因编码的蛋白序列在相同物种中的突变率较低,保守性较高,相同物种中其生物活性与个体间的差异关系较小。     

Comparative growth and yield of channel catfish and channel × blue hybrid catfish fed a full or restricted ration

Growth and yield (kg ha^?1) of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque, 1818) and the channel × blue hybrid catfish [I. punctatus female ×I. furcatus (Lesueur, 1840) male], which shared the Jubilee strain of channel catfish as the maternal parent, were compared in sixteen 0.1 ha earthen ponds (14 852 fish ha^?1) during the April to November growing season. Each fish genetic group was fed a commercially formulated 32% protein feed daily to apparent satiation or at 80% of the mean daily satiation ration. Net yield and individual weight were higher for channel × blue hybrid catfish compared with channel catfish and for fish fed a full ration compared with a restricted ration. When fed a full ration, the channel × blue hybrid catfish grew faster from May to September than did the purebred channel catfish because the hybrid catfish consumed a greater percentage of its body weight at each feeding. Net yield within each fish genetic group was lower when feed ration was restricted. The per cent reduction in net yield in response to feed restriction was similar for each fish genetic group.     

Dietary copper effects survival of channel catfish challenged with Flavobacterium columnare

Columnaris disease is an important bacterial disease of commercially grown channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Copper sulphate (CuSO₄) has been shown to be therapeutic and prophylactic as a water treatment for columnaris disease. Copper is an essential dietary component in animal feeds and CuSO₄ is typically included in base diets; a study was conducted to evaluate whether fish feed supplemented with additional CuSO₄ at 0, 40 and 80 mg kg^?1 of diet and fed at a daily rate of 3% body weight would affect survival to columnaris disease. Results indicate fish fed the copper‐supplemented diet for 2 weeks significantly increased survival following F. columnare challenge. This increase appeared to be dose‐dependent. The mean per cent survival (±SEM) for fish fed the base diet (unsupplemented) for 2 weeks and then challenged was 2.0% ± 1.1. Fish fed the base plus 40 mg CuSO₄ kg^?1 had a mean survival of 22.0% ± 11.0. Fish fed the base plus 80 mg CuSO₄ kg^?1 had a mean survival of 29.3% ± 13.4. The mean per cent survival for fish fed the base diet for 4 weeks and then challenged was 28.3% ± 9.0. Fish fed the base plus 40 mg CuSO₄ kg^?1 for 4 weeks had a mean survival of 12.5% ± 6.3. Fish fed the base plus 80 mg CuSO₄ kg^?1 for 4 weeks had a mean survival of 40.5% ± 8.1. There was a significant effect after 4 weeks with fish fed the base plus 80 mg CuSO₄ kg^?1 mg not with 40 mg kg^?1.