九个棉花品种对根结线虫病的抗性鉴定

由南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)4号小种引起的棉花根结线虫病,是我国棉花生产上的一种新病害,我们在1983～1984年大田线虫生活史观察,营养钵育苗移栽及呋喃丹、棉隆等杀线虫剂防治此病的基础上,于1985年做了棉花根结线虫     

福建省香蕉根结线虫病调查与病原鉴定

2008~2013年,在福建省漳州市进行香蕉根结线虫病害的分布和危害性调查,结果表明：香蕉根结线虫病发生普遍,田间香蕉的株发病率达79.3％,苗圃香蕉假植苗株发病率达94.8％,带病香蕉苗成为香蕉根结线虫病的重要侵染源。香蕉根结线虫病的病原种类鉴定结果为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）、爪哇根结线虫（M. javanica）和花生根结线虫（M. arenaria）,南方根结线虫为优势种,且存在根结线虫的混合种群。     

盆栽榕树基质线虫及根结线虫病的防治

研究不同药剂对盆栽榕树基质线虫和根结线虫病的防治效果。结果表明,2%阿维菌素和40%毒死蜱乳油对盆栽榕树基质线虫和根结线虫病具有良好的防治作用,100mg/kg的2%阿维菌素处理后15天基质线虫防治效果达到99.67%,处理后45天根结线虫病防治效果仍达到95.7%。使用100mg/kg的2%阿维菌素灌根防治根结线虫时对榕树安全、无副作用。     

水稻根结线虫病的病原鉴定及其侵染源的研究

 在福建省政和县稻田发现大面积的严重水稻根结线虫病,沟渠内禾本科杂草油芒(Eccoilopus sp.)也遭受根结线虫（Meloidogyne   sp.）的严重侵染。这两种寄主的根结线虫形态特征与拟禾本科根结线虫(Meloidogyne graminicola,Golden and Birchfield,1965)原始描述相符;对根结线虫的rDNA ITS区、28S rDNA D2/D3区进行了扩增、克隆与测序,其序列与GenBank中拟禾本科根结线虫的相似性达99%以上,据此将水稻和油芒上的根结线虫鉴定为拟禾本科根结线虫。通过交叉接种试验和田间调查,证实油芒是水稻根结线虫的重要寄主,为田间水稻根结线虫病的重要侵染源。      

栀子根结线虫病的病原鉴定

为明确广西贺州市栀子根结线虫病病原种类,采集根部有明显根结的栀子根系进行根结线虫分离鉴定,通过观察根结线虫2龄幼虫、雌成虫、会阴花纹特征对其进行形态学鉴定,并利用核糖体ITS区和28S rDNA D2D3区序列比对和系统发育树分析方法对其进行分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,该病原线虫2龄幼虫和雌成虫形态特征及形态测量值与象耳豆根结线虫（Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback, 1983）相似;该病原线虫核糖体ITS区与NCBI数据库中象耳豆根结线虫相应序列的相似度为100%,28S rDNA D2D3区与NCBI数据库中象耳豆根结线虫相应序列的相似度为99%以上;该病原线虫核糖体ITS序列以99%的支持率与象耳豆根结线虫聚为同一分支。综合形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果将广西贺州市栀子根结线虫病病原种类鉴定为象耳豆根结线虫,栀子（Gardenia jasminoides Eills）是该线虫的新寄主纪录。     

浙江棉花根结线虫病调查研究简报

南方根结线虫(Mcloidogyne incognita)诱致的棉花根结线虫病是棉花上的一种重要病害。各主要产棉国常有报道,而在国内尚未引起关注。1983年我们曾将该     

红麻根结线虫病发生及防治概述

红麻是一种重要的纤维作物,但在生产上的一个严重问题是易感染根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp)。现将国内外红麻根结线虫病发生及其防治试验研究概况整理记述如下。 1927年,Hartly首先发现西爪哇地区有根结线虫为害红麻。此后,世界各产麻国对根结线虫病作了报道。在我国,张锦泉和来元直在1951年报道了我国浙江红麻根结线虫的为害情况。本世纪七十年代以     

藤本豆根结线虫病的病原鉴定及其侵染特性的研究

在福建省发现豆科新品种多年生藤本豆（Lablab sp.）发生严重的根结线虫病,根部可产生巨大根结,根结内组织内可埋生数以百计的雌虫,卵囊产于根结内。通过形态特征及rDNA-ITS区序列扩增比对,藤本豆根结线虫鉴定为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）。多年生藤本豆受根结线虫为害为首次记述, 也是南方根结线虫新寄主。接种实验结果表明,2龄幼虫主要侵染藤本豆根尖,也可侵染根其他部位,雌虫与卵囊埋生于根结内,卵可直接孵化并在根内直接侵染发育,根结大小发展快,根结坚硬,表面组织不易腐解,雄虫只能在后期根结腐败组织处发现。在环境温度（24~36 ℃）,生活史最短为24 d。田间重要杂草空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）根结线虫病发生普遍,形态特征鉴定为南方根结线虫,田间调查及交叉接种实验表明其可能为田间藤本豆根结线虫病的主要侵染来源。     

红麻根结线虫病综合防治研究

在湖南、湖北、广东、广西、浙江和河南等省(区)主产区调查和鉴定,红麻根结线虫病病原线虫有南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)1号和2号小种,爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)和花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)2号小种。南方根结线虫为优势种,其在湖南沅江麻田一年可完成四代。它们都不为害棉花、小麦、花生、芝麻、苎麻、高粱和玉米。幼虫主要分布在0～40厘米土层内。0～10厘米土层内幼虫数的波动在红麻生长季节有4个高峰,收获后还出现一个高峰。病原线虫以幼虫和卵主要在病残中越冬,清除病残可压低初次侵染。实行轮作可减轻病害和增产。重病田用D—D混剂,涕灭威或棉虫灵处理土壤效果良好。文中对抗线虫育种工作作了讨论。     

大型仪器设备共享管理和成本核算探讨

苦瓜(Momordica charantia)具有丰富的营养价值和药用价值。由于耕地面积有限,苦瓜连作现象严重,根结线虫对苦瓜的为害逐年加重,严重影响苦瓜的产量和品质。针对海南省苦瓜根结线虫病的危害、传播途径、发生规律以及栽培特点,总结提出适合海南省苦瓜根结线虫病的防治对策,以期为海南苦瓜的安全生产提供技术支持。     

Biocontrol of bacterial wilt of potato with an avirulent strain ofpseudomonas solanacearum: interactions with root-knot nematodes

Field tests for biological control of bacterial wilt of potatoes, caused byPseudomonas solanacearum, were conducted in Florida in 1984 and 1985. Potato seedpieces of tolerant (Ontario) and susceptible (Pungo and/or Atlantic) cultivars were immersed in a suspension of the avirulent, non-bacteriocinogenic strain ofP. solanacearum, B82, prior to planting in naturally-infested soil. Relatively low populations ofP solanacearum (2 to 4 log cfu/g soil) and root-knot nematodes (0 to 33 larvae ofMeloidogyne incognita/100 cm³ soil) were present in the soil before planting. In 1984, there was approximately a 50% reduction in incidence of bacterial wilt and brown rot in B82-treated plants of cultivar Atlantic, as compared with controls. With cultivar Ontario, on the other hand, disease incidence was very low and differences between treatments were not significant. In 1985, the incidence of bacterial wilt was low in all plots. Treatment with strain B82 reduced incidence of tuber brown rot in all cultivars, but differences between treatments were not significant at P = 0.05. There was a significant correlation, however, between incidence of wilt and root-knot nematode populations in the soil. Therefore, the possibility that control of bacterial wilt in 1984 was indirect,i e, via an effect of B82 treatment on root infection byM incognita, was examined. Greenhouse tests were conducted to determine the potential effect of seedpiece treatment with strain B82 on nematode infection of cultivars Atlantic and Ontario. In two out of three trials, the B82 treatment significantly reduced incidence of root knot. These results suggest that interactions of the biocontrol agent with root-knot nematodes may determine the effectiveness of a treatment designed for bacterial wilt control in the field.     

苦瓜嫁接砧木对象耳豆根结线虫的抗性鉴定

根结线虫是危害农业生产的重要的土传病害之一,其中象耳豆根结线虫在近几年发展成为华南地区的优势种群,防治较为困难,严重影响了苦瓜的产量和品质,生产中较多采用嫁接砧木的防治措施.为筛选抗象耳豆根结线虫的苦瓜砧木品种,以18份苦瓜砧木品种为试验材料,采用盆栽幼苗人工接种象耳豆根结线虫的方法,接种45 d后,测量供试材料的相对...     

Exogenous Peroxidase Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity,Enhances Rhizobial Population and Lowers Root Knot Formation in Rice Seedlings

Soil cadmium (Cd) causes toxicity and oxidative stress, alters biochemical processes and rootknot formation in rice. Irrigation of exogenous peroxidase (POX) together with its co-substrate H2O2(POXRice + H2O2), is likely to have protective effect upon the biochemical and nodular changes in ricegrown in Cd-rich soil. Exposure to Cd concentration of 1.00 mg/L increased oxidative stress, loss of cellviability, electrolyte leakage and root knot formation, whereas it significantly lowered the chlorophyll leveland rhizobium growth in rice. Irrigation of exogenous POXRice + H2O2 to Cd-stressed rice seedlingsreversed the Cd-induced alterations in rice to levels similar in control (non-stressed) seedlings. Resultsprovided strong evidence of exogenous POXRice + H2O2-mediated reversal and restoration of physiologicaland biochemical processes as well as increased resistance of rice seedlings to root knot formation.Irrigation with POXRice + H2O2 appeared to contribute towards bringing normoxic conditions in the otherwisehypoxic soil environment by enhancing the O2 in pot-experiments due to reduced Cd uptake, enhancedmineral homeostasis of essential elements viz. P, Fe, Mo, Mg and Mn for maintenance of root architecturedamaged by lipid peroxidation and reduction in oxidative stress by reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygenspecies generation. Therefore, the mitigation of Cd-toxicity in rice through this novel approach appeared tobe a promising mode to limit Cd-uptake, modulate protective and tolerance mechanisms for sustainablerice yield in Cd-contaminated rice-croplands and prevent nematode attack in rice, however, more detailedstudies are needed prior to large scale applications.     

Waimea: A new ‘sub’-tropical adapted potato cultivar

Waimea (Wy-may-ah) is white skinned with round to blocky shaped tubers. It is tolerant to late blight but susceptible to early blight and root knot nematode. In Hawaii, Waimea is adapted to high elevation growing conditions. It is much higher yielding with slightly higher specific gravity when compared to Kennebec. Waimea is comparable to Pele, another Hawaiian cultivar.     

新型复合型生物种衣剂SN102田间防效研究

为了安全有效地解决大豆苗期根部多种病害复合侵染的问题,利用微生物多样性及诱导抗病性理论,在辽宁省沈阳康平基地与黑龙江大庆基地,对新研发的一种兼抗大豆胞囊线虫与根腐病的新型复合型生物种衣剂SN102进行了为期2年的田间防治效果验证试验。生物种衣剂SN102是由本实验室自主研发,由巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)Sneb482、简单芽孢杆菌(Bacillus simplex)Sneb545、费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)Sneb183和产黄青霉菌(Penicillium chrysogenum)Snef805 4株生防菌株作为有效活性物质组合混配制成。结果表明:SN102对大豆幼苗生长有一定的促进作用,两年的平均胞囊抑制率分别为37.80%(康平)和28.95%(大庆),对大豆幼苗根腐病的平均防效分别为16.31%(康平)和29.57%(大庆),同时对大豆的平均增产率分别达到21.10%(康平)和12.36%(大庆)。SN102在不同地域的防病增产效果较稳定,具有很高的实际应用价值和开发潜力。     

海南省根结线虫的危害及其对侵入巴斯德氏芽菌的亲和性

从2001～2002年对海南省根结线虫的危害进行了调查，结果表明，所调查的14科25种植物中，除禾本科水稻以外全部遭受到不同程度的根结线虫危害，其中苦瓜、辣椒、空心菜和番石榴受害特别严重。从苦瓜、茄子和番石榴的受害植株根分离得到了大量的线虫2龄幼虫，记录了这些2龄幼虫的形态特征。最后通过分离线虫的2龄幼虫和侵入巴斯德氏芽菌的吸附试验，发现分离自苦瓜、茄子和番石榴的2龄幼虫对侵入巴斯德氏芽菌HL—1菌株有较好的亲和性，而对HL-2菌株的亲和性则不明显。这些结果表明在海南采集到的根结中有南方根结线虫。