一起青年雪山草鸡沙门氏菌病的诊治

沙门氏菌感染可以引起禽类各种各样的急性或慢性疾病,主要分为2种类型：第一种是鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌,第二种是副伤寒沙门氏菌,其中第一种沙门氏菌病的危害更严重。鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染引起鸡白痢,鸡伤寒沙门氏菌感染引起禽伤寒,两种沙门氏菌病在临床症状、流行病学、病理变化、控制及消灭措施等方面有许多相似之处,但也有一定的差异。鸡白痢是危害雏鸡的一种主要疾病,多表现为白痢和败血症特征。     

基于pegB基因的鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡伤寒沙门氏菌分子鉴别方法的建立

为建立一种能快速、准确、简便区分鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的方法，研究通过对鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌pegB序列进行分析，发现存在3个单核苷酸多态性位点，基于此建立了一种特异性PCR方法用于鉴别鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌。结果显示，该方法特异性强、耗时短，检测限为10.14 pg/反应。临床样品检测表明，该方法不仅具有良好的特异性，且操作比传统方法更为简便。该方法的建立为准确区分鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌提供了实用技术，将在分子检测中发挥重要作用。     

兰州地区鸡沙门氏菌病病原分离与鉴定

鸡沙门氏菌病包括鸡白痢、鸡伤寒和鸡副伤寒3个疫病,鸡白痢是由鸡白痢沙门氏菌所引起;鸡伤寒是由鸡伤寒沙门氏菌所引起;鸡副伤寒是由多种沙门氏菌所引起。目前已知的沙门氏菌有1700多种,也有报告约2000个血清型,其中能引起鸡副伤寒者主要有10     

珍珠鸡白痢的诊治体会

禽沙门氏菌病是由沙门氏菌属的细菌引起的禽类急性或慢性疾病,根据其病原体的抗原结构不同将禽沙门氏菌分为鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽伤寒沙门氏菌、禽副伤寒沙门氏菌。鸡白痢病是由鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染引起的,现就一例珍珠鸡白痢病的诊治过程,浅谈个人的几点体会。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的诊断与防治

鸡白痢沙门氏菌病（Pullorum Disease）（简称鸡白痢）是由鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌引起的各年龄鸡常发的传染病。此病不仅给养鸡业带来严重危害,造成很大经济损失,而且鸡白痢沙门氏菌能够在家禽肠道内定植,在加工家禽胴体时,污染鸡肉,继而进入人类食物链．成为人类沙门氏菌感染的潜在来源,所以鸡白痢备受人们的关注。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的综合防制

鸡白痢沙门氏菌病是由鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起的一种以肠炎和黄白色或灰白色下痢为主要特征的急性、败血性传染病,对养殖业危害极大。本文综述了鸡白痢沙门氏菌病的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断及其预防与治疗方法,为以后在养鸡场经常出现的鸡白痢病的诊断及综合防制提供了理论依据。     

4种鸡源致病性沙门氏菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

建立一种多重PCR方法,同时检测肠炎、鼠伤寒、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌。针对沙门氏菌属特异性invA基因、肠炎沙门氏菌特异性Sdf I序列、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌特异性STM4497基因、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌flhB基因设计引物,对引物浓度和反应条件进行优化,并对多重PCR特异性和灵敏度进行评估。利用建立的多重PCR方法调查河北地区蛋种鸡生产链中沙门氏菌流行现状。研究建立的多重PCR方法可快速、特异性鉴别肠炎、鼠伤寒、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌,最低检出限为100 CFU细菌和0.5 ng基因组DNA。沙门氏菌流行病学调查显示,肠炎沙门氏菌是河北地区蛋种鸡生产链中沙门氏菌主要流行血清型。成功建立鉴别肠炎、鼠伤寒、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的多重PCR方法,对沙门氏菌流行病学调查及临床快速诊断具有重要意义。     

基于等位基因特异性PCR原理建立鸡白痢沙门氏菌PCR方法

根据鸡白痢沙门氏菌与鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的rfbS基因在第237和598位碱基的不同,设计和合成等位基因特异性PCR引物,建立快速检测鸡白痢沙门氏菌的PCR方法,并应用该法对鸡白痢沙门氏菌临床分离样品进行了PCR鉴定。结果显示,该PCR方法能特异性地鉴定鸡白痢沙门氏菌,检测灵敏度达18 pg/μL DNA,4.7×10⁴ CFU/mL菌液,表明建立的等位基因特异性PCR方法能准确而快速地鉴定鸡白痢沙门氏菌。     

禽沙门氏菌病的诊断要点及防控措施

禽沙门氏菌病是由沙门氏菌属中的一种或多种沙门氏菌引起的禽类急性或慢性传染病。在临床上将鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起的沙门氏菌病称为鸡白痢,鸡沙门氏菌引起的称禽伤寒,而由某些有鞭毛,能运动的沙门氏菌引起的称为禽副伤寒。1鸡白痢鸡白痢是由鸡白痢沙门氏菌引起的,在各种年龄鸡均可发生的传染病,有的呈急性败血性经过,有的则以慢性或隐性感染为主。病鸡和带菌鸡是本病的传染源,可通过消化道水平感染,     

酶标单抗阻断ELISA检测鸡白痢和鸡伤寒抗体

以辣根过氧化物酶标记的沙门氏菌O9单抗3-47-0与包被的鸡白痢沙门氏菌脂多糖抗原建立了一种抗体阻断EL ISA以检测鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌感染。该方法基于待检血清样品抑制酶标单抗与脂多糖的结合,以检测鸡白痢和鸡伤寒特异性抗体。对72份已知鸡白痢阳性血清(抑制率为(98.5±4.0)%)、54份已知鸡白痢阴性血清(抑制率为(15.3±8.0)%)、42份SPF鸡血清(抑制率为(0.8±7.2)%)检测的结果表明,该方法具有很强的区分能力。在人工感染试验中,从第2周开始,该方法能从全部鸡只中检测到特异性抗体,比全血玻板凝集试验(PAT)早1周时间。对344份种鸡血清的检测结果表明,单抗阻断EL ISA比PAT特异性好、敏感性高。另外,该方法也能检测出与鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌有共同抗原的沙门氏菌感染产生的抗体。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.