犬心理应激生理和行为指示剂的研究进展

各种用途的犬广泛服务于人类社会的发展,紧密影响人类的生活。新异或威胁性环境、社会依恋的分离以及对犬的训练等均能导致犬出现心理应激,引起生理、行为和认知功能的改变,影响犬的工作性能和福利。文章重点介绍犬心理应激时,生理指示剂的确定和各种可能出现的行为改变。强调应关注犬的内心感受和心理需求,尽量减少犬的心理应激,改善认知功能,提高和改善犬的工作性能和福利状况。     

犬心理应激的生理和行为指示剂的研究进展

各种用途的犬广泛服务于人类社会的发展,紧密影响人类的生活。新异或威胁性环境、社会依恋的分离以及对犬的训练等均能导致犬出现心理应激,引起生理、行为和认知功能的改变,影响犬的工作性能和福利。本文重点介绍犬心理应激时,生理指示剂的确定和各种可能出现的行为改变。强调应关注犬的内心感受和心理需求,尽量减少犬的心理应激,改善认知功能,提高和改善犬的工作性能和福利状况。     

犬的排泄行为

排泄行为(Elimmative Behaviour)是指与粪尿排出有关的行为。犬排泄粪便和尿液并不仅仅是一种排泄废物的动作,而且是犬与犬交往的一种重要手段,有着特殊的意义。正确认识犬盼排泄行为对搞好犬场卫生,使犬养成良好的家居文明习性有重要作用。作者根据长期观察所得,并参考有关资料,对犬的排泄行为作一简述,供同行参考。 1 仔犬的排泄行为仔犬的排泄行为是一个不断变化发展,日趋成熟的动态过程。18日龄前的仔犬并不     

从群居性谈犬的行为

正确了解犬的行为特征及其产生的原因,可以帮助我们更好的认识它们,掌握与其相处的方法,扬长避短,最大限度地发挥犬在我们工作、生活中的作用。     

罗威纳仔犬行为特性观察

本研究是对4窝0～45日龄的22只罗威纳仔犬全天24h以监控录像的方式记录犬舍内仔犬的行为,定量分析各种行为每日出现的频率、时间和每次的持续时间。研究表明,仔犬的睡眠行为每日出现的频率和时间随仔犬日龄增加而逐渐下降,仔犬的环境适应能力、衔取能力、运动能力等行为是随仔犬日龄增加而增强,等级意识是在仔犬有独立能力时开始形成的。     

罗威纳仔犬行为特性观察

本研究是对4窝0～45日龄的22只罗威纳仔犬全天24h以监控录像的方式记录犬舍内仔犬的行为,定量分析各种行为每日出现的频率、时间和每次的持续时间。研究表明,仔犬的睡眠行为每日出现的频率和时间随仔犬日龄增加而逐渐下降,仔犬的环境适应能力、衔取能力、运动能力等行为是随仔犬日龄增加而增强,等级意识是在仔犬有独立能力时开始形成的。     

受到犬的攻击时怎么办？

随着我国犬只数量的不断增加,犬伤人的例子越来越多,其中的原因,一方面是现在养犬人数增加导致了犬的数量增加;另一方面是通常人们都不了解犬攻击人的动机,人们的一些错误的行为常常引起犬的本能攻击。因为犬不能像人那样思考,理解人的行为,犬仅凭记忆和本能行事,犬咬人常常是犬的本能反应。     

受到犬的攻击时怎么办?

随着我国犬只数量的不断增加,犬伤人的例子越来越多,其中的原因,一方面是现在养犬人数增加导致了犬的数量增加;另一方面是通常人们都不了解犬攻击人的动机,人们的一些错误的行为常常引起犬的本能攻击。因为犬不能像人那样思考,理解人的行为,犬仅凭记忆和本能行事,犬咬人常常是犬的本能反应。     

Canine behavioral problems and their effect on relinquishment of the Jindo dog

The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavior problems of the Jindo dog, the native dog of Korea, based on an owner''s survey and their effect on pet relinquishment. To live a better life with their own pet and prevent relinquishment, it is important to understand the innate behavior characteristics of dog breed and the potential causes of relinquishment. Information concerning various factors and demonstration of the five most common behavior problems was collected via 189 completed questionnaires. No factors significantly affected the demonstration of behavior problem. A total 151 of 189 dogs had behavior problems (79.9%) and 38 dogs did not have behavior problems (20.1%). Among 151 dogs, 139 dogs showed single behavior problem (92.1%). They were ''excessive excitability'' (46.8%), ''excessive vocalization'' (30.2%), ''inappropriate elimination'' (17.3%), ''destructive behavior'' (4.3%), and ''aggressive behavior'' (1.4%), respectively. In addition, 12 dogs showed two concurrent behavior problems (7.9%) According to the results, the relinquishment of Jindo dogs was not significantly associated with canine behavior problems, which is the single greatest risk factor of relinquishment in general. The possible reasons for potential behavior problems include improper raising, lack of socialization, and insufficient dog training classes, therefore canine behavior would be improved by owner education.     

检疫犬行为评测背景及应用研究

随着研究检疫犬训练及使用的深入,行为评测的重要性也愈发凸显出来。行为评测定义为在设定试验环境下,由刺激引发的行为以及在相同状态下其它个体所表现的行为做比较统计,对被测试对象加以分类;其用途主要是评定幼犬和受训犬以及训成犬的行为;主要包括定性与定量两种方法;行为评测时需要注意被测犬信息以及评测可靠性等问题;文章对检疫犬行为评测的背景及应用进行了全面的研究,同时对行为评测标准化的建立进行了展望。     

Canine Rabies in Australia: A Review of Preparedness and Research Needs

Australia is unique as a populated continent in that canine rabies is exotic, with only one likely incursion in 1867. This is despite the presence of a widespread free‐ranging dog population, which includes the naturalized dingo, feral domestic dogs and dingo‐dog cross‐breeds. To Australia's immediate north, rabies has recently spread within the Indonesian archipelago, with outbreaks occurring in historically free islands to the east including Bali, Flores, Ambon and the Tanimbar Islands. Australia depends on strict quarantine protocols to prevent importation of a rabid animal, but the risk of illegal animal movements by fishing and recreational vessels circumventing quarantine remains. Predicting where rabies will enter Australia is important, but understanding dog population dynamics and interactions, including contact rates in and around human populations, is essential for rabies preparedness. The interactions among and between Australia's large populations of wild, free‐roaming and restrained domestic dogs require quantification for rabies incursions to be detected and controlled. The imminent risk of rabies breaching Australian borders makes the development of disease spread models that will assist in the deployment of cost‐effective surveillance, improve preventive strategies and guide disease management protocols vitally important. Here, we critically review Australia's preparedness for rabies, discuss prevailing assumptions and models, identify knowledge deficits in free‐roaming dog ecology relating to rabies maintenance and speculate on the likely consequences of endemic rabies for Australia.     

犬乳头状囊腺瘤的诊断

对接诊的1只8岁犬进行了一般检查和B超检查,保守治疗无效,手术切除肿物,用10％福尔马林固定病变组织,制作石蜡切片,观察病理组织学变化,确诊为犬乳头状囊腺瘤。并对此病的病因、发病机理、诊断和治疗方法等进行了探讨。     

犬细小病毒病的病理学观察

对2例萨摩耶犬的犬细小病毒自然感染病例进行了临床观察、病理剖检及病理组织学观察,结果显示2病例均以犬细小病毒肠炎综合征为主要特征。表现为食欲废绝,排番茄酱样粪便,肠道黏膜坏死,覆以红黄色黏糊状物;镜检肠绒毛缩短,肠黏膜上皮细胞坏死或脱落,肠腺萎缩,肠腺细胞核内可见包涵体,胞浆呈玻璃样变;心肌纤维萎缩,粗细不均,肌纤维间较松散,有少量出血,炎症变化不明显。     

犬造血干细胞移植的作用机制及应用研究进展

造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell, HSC)位于造血系统的顶端, 是造血系统中唯一具有多能性和自我更新能力的细胞, 可以分化为各种功能的血细胞, 维持血液系统的建立和动态平衡, 是目前研究最为透彻、临床应用最为成熟的成体干细胞。造血干细胞的这些重要特性, 使得基于造血干细胞在治病机制研究和临床应用中的研究取得了很大进展。以造血干细胞为基础的再生医学治疗是目前治疗恶性血液病和遗传病的首选方法, 如造血干细胞治疗犬白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、犬遗传性贫血、犬淋巴瘤、犬白细胞减少症、犬X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病等, 但由于白细胞抗原匹配的供体稀缺、可获得的造血干细胞数量有限等原因, 无法满足临床需求, 因此, 如何通过体外培养获得满足临床需要的造血干细胞成为近年来学者们研究的热点问题。作者参照现有研究成果对造血干细胞的来源和体外分离培养、治病机制进行系统的描述, 并对造血干细胞移植治疗遗传性溶血性贫血、白细胞黏附缺陷综合征、淋巴瘤、白细胞减少症、X连锁严重联合免疫缺陷病的临床研究进行综述, 以期为今后将造血干细胞广泛应用于临床治疗提供参考依据。     

Canine mesenchymal hamartoma of the eyelid

Objective Characterization of a benign disease syndrome involving the eyelids of dogs, describing the signalment, clinical appearance, anatomic location, and pathologic features. Animal studied The records and submitted tissue of 10 dogs with mesenchymal hamartomatous lesions of the periocular connective tissues were retrieved from the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW) database. Procedure The submitted tissue in each case was stained with hematoxilyn & eosin and Masson’s Trichrome stain and examined histopathologically. Clinical information was collected from the submission requests. The clinical history, treatment, and follow‐up are described in more detail for one of the 10 dogs. Results Seven different breeds, including four Golden Retrievers, were represented. The ages of affected dogs ranged from 6 to 11 years. Eight of 10 lesions were located at the temporal canthus, ranging in diameter from 0.6 to 3 cm. Clinically, the masses were subcutaneous, firm, lobular soft‐tissue growths, which were in some cases adherent to the underlying orbital rim, and in others, freely palpable between the skin and conjunctiva of the eyelid. Histologically, all had distinct margins but were not encapsulated and contained normal appearing collagen‐rich connective tissue with some adipose tissue. Five also contained fully differentiated skeletal muscle tissue arranged in poorly formed aggregates or as individual muscle fibers. Conclusion Mesenchymal hamartoma of the eyelid has not been previously described. The mass has a predisposition to occur at the temporal canthus and should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of benign eyelid masses in dogs.     

貉群暴发犬瘟热的诊断

为了对2006年7~9月间山东、河北的多个地区貉群发病情况进行诊断,根据临床症状,剖检变化,实验室诊断,确诊为犬瘟热病。     

谷胱甘肽对犬精液冷冻保存效果的影响

为探讨在冷冻稀释液中添加谷胱甘肽（GSH）对犬精液冷冻保存效果的影响,采用按摩法采集5只杂种土犬的精液,离心去精清后,在冷冻液中分别加入0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 mmol/L的GSH,制成0.25 mL的冻精进行冷冻保存,以不添加GSH的处理组作为对照组。解冻后在含有5% CO₂的空气、37 ℃、相对饱和湿度条件下孵育10 h,分别在孵育0、2、4、6、8、10 h时检查精子活力。结果显示：冻融后0 h,0.5、1.0 mmol/L GSH处理组的精子活力较高,分别为0.36和0.38,均显著（P<0.05）高于对照组和2.0、2.5 mmol/L处理组,且两者之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;1.0 mmol/L处理组的精子顶体完整率最高,为85.10%,显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,同时,其精子畸形率最低,为23.00%,显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。冻融后体外孵育2、4 h时,0.5、1.0 mmol/L处理组的精子活力均较高,其中,0.5 mmol/L处理组在体外孵育4 h时,其精子活力仍可达到0.30;孵育6 h时,1.0 mmol/L处理组精子活力最高,显著（P<0.05）高于对照组和2.0、2.5 mmol/L处理组;孵育8 h时,各GSH处理组的精子活力均显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;在孵育至10 h时,各GSH处理组的精子活力较其他孵育时间均有较大幅度的下降,未检测到对照组中有呈直线运动的精子。综上提示,在犬精液冷冻液中添加0.5~1.0 mmol/L的GSH能够显著提高冻融后的精子质量和体外存活时间。     

湘桂地区犬皮肤病流行病学调查

对来自湘桂地区6个宠物医院的48 127个确诊病例进行调查,对犬皮肤病的种类、发病率及其与年龄和季节的相关性进行分析。结果表明,皮肤病发病率为28.53%。在皮肤病中,脓皮病和疥螨最为常见,分别占28.03%和26.18%。皮肤病的发病率随着年龄增长而下降。不同季节流行的皮肤病种类也有区别,但各皮肤病在冬季发病率最低。