光合菌肥在花椰菜育苗上的应用效果

研究了在日光温室穴盘育苗过程中,光合菌肥对花椰菜幼苗的形态指标--叶绿素含量、根系活力和硝酸还原酶活性的影响.结果表明,应用光合菌肥有利于培育壮苗,以稀释200倍液的灌根处理对提高幼苗的叶绿素含量、根系活力和硝酸还原酶活性效果最好.     

“金满田863”生物菌肥在西瓜育苗上的应用效果

以‘京欣1号’西瓜为试材,研究不同用量"金满田863"生物菌肥配制的营养土对西瓜幼苗生长及相关生理指标的影响。结果表明,不同处理间西瓜苗的形态指标、光合色素含量及根系活力、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均存在显著差异。其中以每方园土加100g"金满田863"生物菌肥的营养土最有利于西瓜幼苗生长,表现出地上部分生长健壮、根系活力强、叶片叶绿素含量高和细胞膜保护酶活性高、抗逆性强等特性。     

多裂骆驼蓬乙醇提取液浸种对番茄幼苗生长的影响

以不同浓度多裂骆驼蓬乙醇提取液浸种,研究对番茄幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,多裂骆驼蓬乙醇提取液浸种后,番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积和干质量增加,叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力以及光合速率明显高于对照,脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性降低。壮苗指数以0.20g·mL-1处理最好。说明多裂骆驼蓬乙醇提取液浸种能够提高番茄幼苗的抗逆性,有利于培育壮苗。     

光强对油菜和诸葛菜电子流传递和硝酸盐累积的影响

以油菜和诸葛菜幼苗为试材,研究5个光强梯度对其光合电子流传递和叶绿素含量、光合特征、硝酸盐含量、硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果表明:油菜和诸葛菜的光合电子流传递随光强增加,先缓慢增加后快速上升并达到最大,叶绿素含量、光合速率、硝酸还原酶活性与光强呈正相关,硝酸盐含量与光强呈负相关,诸葛菜和油菜幼苗在光照剂量分别为275和300μmol·s~(-1)·m~(-2)时,光合电子流传递快速增加,硝酸还原酶活性快速增强,硝酸盐含量快速下降,存在一个明显的光照强度拐点,在拐点光照强度之后,油菜和诸葛菜光合电子流传递和硝酸盐含量变化不显著。从经济角度来讲,拐点光照强度即为苗期油菜和诸葛菜的最优光照强度。     

尿素态氮对滇龙胆漂浮育苗幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以滇龙胆成熟种子为试材,采用漂浮育苗法及植物生理学实验方法研究了尿素态氮对浮育苗幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明:尿素态氮浓度在25～50 mg/L范围内,有利于幼苗茎叶生长;尿素态氮浓度为25 mg/L时有利于根生长;同时叶片中叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、根系活力极显著(P＜0.01)高于未施氮和其它浓度处理;与对照相比,当尿素态氮浓度为100 mg/L时,幼苗的生长受到明显抑制,叶片中绿素含量和NR活性降低,根系活力也显著下降.     

K_2O对黄瓜苗期生理指标的影响

以‘金丰早熟大叶三’黄瓜品种为研究对象,对其施加不同量的K2O进行处理,在开花前对叶绿素、可溶性糖、气孔开度、光合强度的测定、呼吸强度、维生素C、脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性以及苗期的根系活力等指标进行测定。试验结果表明:增施钾肥可以提高黄瓜幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、维生素C和叶绿素的含量,增强过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活性,增大叶片气孔开度,光合速率和根系活力显著上升,可溶性糖含量显著下降。K2O对黄瓜苗期生长具有促进作用。     

高压静电场对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗光合特性的影响

用不同强度的高压静电场处理吸胀的黄瓜种子,种子发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均显著提高,发芽率与对照无显著差异;幼苗根系和叶片硝酸还原酶活性均明显增强,叶面积显著增大,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和气孔导度也明显提高,但各处理胞间CO2浓度与对照比差异不显著.综合各项指标,以300kV/m和500 kV/m处理组效果较好.说明高压静电场处理可以促进黄瓜种子的萌发,提高幼苗的光合能力,可作为一种培育黄瓜壮苗的手段.     

P、K、Ca缺失对枇杷幼苗生长发育及生理特性的影响

利用盆栽,观察了枇杷幼苗缺P、K、Ca时的外部症状和内部组织解剖结构,测定了根系活力,叶绿素含量及光合作用强弱。结果表明:缺P植株叶片暗绿,叶脉紫红色,老叶有坏死斑块易脱落,叶片光合量比对照低,根系发育不良,根系活力降低。缺K植株细弱,老叶有黄斑,叶面不平整,叶绿素含量显著降低,光合量最小。缺Ca植株矮小,叶片小、畸形,新叶边缘出现黄斑,根系发育不良,根皮率增加。     

K2O 对黄瓜苗期生理指标的影响简

以‘金丰早熟大叶三’黄瓜品种为研究对象，对其施加不同量的K2O进行处理，在开花前对叶绿素、可溶性糖、气孔开度、光合强度的测定、呼吸强度、维生素C、脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性以及苗期的根系活力等指标进行测定。试验结果表明：增施钾肥可以提高黄瓜幼苗叶片中脯氨酸、维生素C和叶绿素的含量，增强过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活性，增大叶片气孔开度，光合速率和根系活力显著上升，可溶性糖含量显著下降。K2O对黄瓜苗期生长具有促进作用。     

不同浓度硒对Ca(NO3)2胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及几项生理指标的影响

以"中蔬4号"番茄为试材,采用营养液栽培法,研究了不同浓度外源硒(Se)对75mmol·L-1 Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、根系活力、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明:施用0.010mmol·L-1的外源硒通过提高Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下番茄叶片根系活力、光合色素含量和活性氧清除能力、降低膜脂过氧化,保护膜结构的完整性,从而有效缓解了Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制和伤害;0.200mmol·L-1的高浓度硒处理显著降低了Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下番茄叶片根系活力、光合色素含量,从而加剧了Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制,而过高的外源硒浓度(0.500mmol·L-1)则直接导致了番茄幼苗植株的死亡。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.