青檀宣纸原料林栽培利用

青檀,为我国特产树种。其适应性强,在石灰岩山场生长良好,较耐旱和瘠薄,根系发达,萌蘖性强,可经营矮林作业以截取枝条。枝皮富有纤维,绵韧易剥,是制造宣纸的特需原料。一、播种育苗青檀种子具有生理休眠特性,且种子个体的休眠深度差异较大。种子催芽方法,一是将种子装入木桶内,     

Competition-density effect of tree organs in Acacia auriculiformis stands

The competition-density (C-D) effects for mean mass for tree, stem, branch and leaf were analyzed in Acacia auriculiformis stands. Mean tree mass-density and mean organ mass-density were well explained by the C-D equation of tree and the C-D equation of tree organ, respectively. An equation describing the relationship between mean leaf area u and density was formulated that fit the u-data well. The relationship between mean tree mass w and the ratio of each organ to mean tree mass (wo/ w) was examined. With increasing w, the stem mass ratio wS/w increased, whereas the branch mass ratio wB/w and the leaf mass ratio wL/w decreased. The yield difference between the lowest-density stand and the high-density stand became greater with stand growth. However, the yield of the mid-density stand was slightly lower than the yield of the high-density stand during the experimental period. To produce the most desirable combination of demanding individual-tree size and relative high stem yield, the mid-density is recommended as proper planting density for future management of A. auriculiformis stands.     

海藻糖生产技术

海藻糖是一种稳定的非还原性双糖,广泛存在于低等植物、藻类、细菌、真菌、酵母、昆虫及无脊椎动物中,既是一种贮藏性糖类,又是应激代谢的重要产物.由于海藻糖是由特殊双糖分子构成的非还原性糖,特性非常稳定,能够在高温、高寒、干燥失水等恶劣的条件下在细胞表面形成特殊的保护膜,有效地保护生物分子结构不被破坏,从而维持生命体的生命过程和生物特征.海藻糖可广泛用于生物制剂、医药、食品、化妆品及农业科学等各个行业.     

自动取暖保健热宝的制作

自动取暖保健热宝是传统手炉的替代新产品,该产品不用电可持续供热,它使用方便,价格低廉,是人们冬季的首选暖手用品,也是野外作业人员不可多得的取暖之宝.该产品具有热敷镇痛的功效,深受风湿关节痛、肩周炎、腰腿痛、胃痛等患者的欢迎.该产品每个综合成本1到2元,市场售价8到10元,若日产100个,每个平均利润5元,效益可观,实乃致富好门路.     

太阳能开发利用大有可为

我国太阳能资源十分丰富,目前最主要的利用方式是用于城乡居民热水供应,我国太阳能热水器已经安装了6000万平方米,预计2020年和2050年将分别达到2.7亿和5亿平方米,将替代高峰电力8000万千瓦和2亿千瓦,节约1200万千瓦和30000亿千瓦时的电能.我国太阳能热水器已经成为太阳能利用中应用最为广泛、产业化发展最迅速的领域,太阳能热水器的生产量和使用量都居世界第一.至2003年底,全国太阳能热水器使用量达到5200万平方米,占全球使用量的40%以上.目前我国太阳能热水器生产厂家超过3000家,年生产量超过1000万平方米,全真空玻璃管热水器在世界市场上占据主导地位.     

鱼腥草种源试验初报

收集了11省（市）23县（市）的23个鱼腥草种质资源,在浙江省丽水市林业科学研究所百果园基地进行种源特性观察试验,结果表明,23个种源从形态特征上可分为二大类,一类为生长初期叶绿色,茎节间较长,生长盛期叶翠绿色,叶缘波状,茎浅红色;另一类为生长初期叶带紫红色,茎节间较短,生长盛期叶墨绿色,叶近全缘,茎紫红色、浅红色或绿色。物候期较为一致,可分为破土萌芽长叶期（2月下旬到3月下旬）、快速高生长期（3月底到4月中旬）、开花结果期（4月下旬到6月底）3个阶段。不同鱼腥草种源在高、径生长和蒴果、种子数量等方面均存在显著差异。高生长以18号（浙江嵊州）种源最好,平均高度达83．08cm,15号（安徽绩溪）种源最低,仅为41.08cm;径生长以4号（云南会泽）种源最好（0．5063cm）,15号（安徽绩溪）种源最差（0．3cm）。综合性状以4、18、19（浙江长兴）、12（浙江嘉善）、5（贵州安顺）、17（浙江泰顺）等种源表现较好,能获得较高的生物量。单果序蒴果数以7号种源（河南正阳）最多,达83．4颗／果序,蒴果内种子数以10号种源（广函柳州）最高（22.67粒／蒴果）,综合蒴果和种子数量以10、5号种源较好。     

怀化市成立森林消防应急营

2008年4月1日,湖南省怀化市召开森林消防应急营成立大会,并举行了检阅仪式和实战演习.森林消防应急营共有340人,下设4个连和1个特勤队.人员分别由中坡国家森林公园护林员、国有泸阳林场一线产业工人和武警怀化支队官兵、怀化军分区预备役战士、武警怀化消防支队官兵组成.     

Characteristics of soil organic carbon mineralization and influence factor analysis of natural Larix olgensis forest at different ages

Soil organic carbon(SOC)mineralization is closely related to carbon source or sink of terrestrial ecosystem.Natural stands of Larix olgensis on the Jincang forest farm,Jilin Province were selected to investigate the dynamics of SOC mineralization and its correlations with other soil properties in a young forest and mid-aged forest at soil depths of 0–10,>10–20,>20–40 and>40–60 cm.The results showed that compared with a mid-aged forest,the SOC stock in the young forest was 32%higher.Potentially mineralizable soil carbon(C0)in the young forest was 1.1–2.5 g kg^-1,accounting for 5.5–8.1%of total SOC during the 105 days incubation period and 0.3–1.5 g kg^-1 in the mid-aged forest at different soil depths,occupying 2.8–3.4%of total SOC.There was a significant difference in C0 among the soil depths.The dynamics of the SOC mineralization was a good fit to a three-pool(labile,intermediate and stable)carbon decomposition kinetic model.The SOC decomposition rate for different stand ages and different soil depths reached high levels for the first 15 days.Correlation analysis revealed that the C0 was significantly positively related with SOC content,soil total N(TN)and readily available K(AK)concentration.The labile soil carbon pool was significantly related to SOC and TN concentration,and significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density.The intermediate carbon pool was positively associated with TN and AK.The stable carbon pool had negative correlations with SOC,TN and AK.     

重阳木白带黑斑蛾的发生与防治

重阳木,为大戟科重阳木属落叶乔木,生长高大,枝叶茂密,树姿优美,城镇绿化多见孤植大树或小片成群栽植。重阳木深根性,抗风力极强,又是生长快的阳性树种之一,有些地方用以作防护林或用材林,效果很好。2005年,祁门县对赤岭口公路两旁重阳木进行病虫害调查,发现重阳木白带黑斑蛾幼     

国外提高蛋鸡产蛋量10种妙法

1.加喂维生系C.俄罗斯的研究结果表明:当鸡舍温度为32℃时,在每千克饲料中添加60毫克维生素C,10周内可提高产蛋率12%左右;舍温为35℃时,在每千克饲料中添加44毫克维生素C,在20周内可提高产蛋率11%.在17.8至24.4℃的气温下,在每千克饲料中添加维生素C400毫克,3个月可增产约6%的鸡蛋;在7至20℃的气温下,在每千克饲料中添加30毫克维生素C,48周内增产鸡蛋7%.     

秸秆刨花板性能分析

对普通木质刨花板、麦秸刨花板及稻草刨花板进行了密度、含水率、吸水厚度膨胀率、静曲强度和弹性模量、内结合强度、表面结合强度及握钉力的测试,结果表明,麦秸刨花板在强度方面不及木质刨花板,稻草刨花板在抗弯性能上也无法满足要求,两种秸秆板的握钉力都较差。产生上述差距的关键原因是板坯的密度,另外,与原料形态、加工工艺、机械设备等也有关系。     

Upgrading of urea formaldehyde-bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards using silane coupling agents

Reed and wheat straw particleboards bonded with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were manufactured from two different material configurations (i.e., fine and coarse particles). The board densities were in the range of 0.550–.90g/cm³. The effects of particle size and board density on the board properties were examined. The properties of particleboard produced from fine particles were better than those made from coarse particles. An increase in board density resulted in a corresponding improvement in the board properties. The properties of OF bonded reed and wheat straw particleboards were relatively lower than those of commercial particleboards. Three silane coupling agents were used to improve the bondability between the reed and wheat particles and OF resin. Results of this study indicate that all the board properties were improved by the addition of silane coupling agent. The degree of improvement achieved from each coupling agent was different; epoxide silane was found to be more effective for reed straw particleboard, and amino silane was better for wheat straw particleboard.     

基于表面处理的麦秸人造板力学性能研究

采用碱溶液对麦秸原料进行处理,以期改善其表面润湿性,提高与胶黏剂的结合强度。基于扩散-渗透理论,对碱溶液的处理效果进行了评价,并用处理过的麦秸压制刨花板。检测结果表明:与未处理麦秸刨花板相比,处理后板材的静曲强度、弹性模量略有下降,但内结合强度提高,吸水厚度膨胀率降低,各项指标均达到相关国家标准要求。     

麦秸刨花板备料工段加工工艺的研究

对麦秸刨花板的刨花形态的选取和备料工段加工工艺的确定进行了研究,建议采用切断锤磨加工工艺。探讨了实际生产中麦秸刨花板备料工段应注意的几个问题。     

现有刨花板生产线生产麦秸均质板工艺设备适应性评价

对现有刨花板生产线进行改造，生产以麦秸为原料的麦秸均质板，是解决刨花板厂原料供应不足的有效途径之一。本文分析了我国目前刨花板厂的原料供应状况，对利用现有刨花板生产线生产麦秸均质板的工艺设备适应性进行了综合评价，并提出了设备改造方案。     

The influence of silane coupling agent and poplar particles on the wet-tability,surface roughness,and hardness of UF-bonded wheat straw （Triticum aestivum L.）/poplar wood particleboard

We used silane coupling agents to improve the bonding ability between wheat straw particles and UF resin, and investigated surface properties （wettability and surface roughness） and hardness of parti-cleboard made from UF-bonded wheat straw （Triticum aestivum L.） combined with poplar wood as affected by silane coupling agent content and straw/poplar wood particle ratios. We manufactured one-layered particleboard panels at four different ratios of straw to poplar wood par-ticles （0%, 15%, 30% and 45% wheat straw） and silane coupling agent content at three levels of 0, 5% and 10%. Roughness measurements, average roughness （Ra）, mean peak-to-valley height （Rz）, and root mean square roughness （Rq） were measured on unsanded samples by using a fine stylus tracing technique. We obtained contact angle measurements by using a goniometer connected to a digital camera and computer sys-tem. Boards containing greater amounts of poplar particles had superior hardness compared to control samples and had lower wettability. Panels made with higher amounts of silane had lower Rq values.     

Development of high-performance UF-bonded reed and wheat straw medium-density fiberboard

Urea formaldehyde resin-bonded reed and wheat straw fiberboards were produced from the fibers made under different steam cooking conditions in refining processes at densities of 500 and 700kg/m³. The effect of steam cooking conditions on the board properties was examined. The steam pressure and cooking time for reed and wheat straws were 0.4MPa/10min and 0.4MPa/5min, respectively, and 0.6MPa/3min and 0.6MPa/10min for both straws. The effect of steam cooking treatment before the fiber refining process on the wettability and weight losses of the straws was also investigated. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and linear expansion of the straw medium-density fiberboard (MDF) were improved with increasing steam cooking pressure and time during the refining process, whereas the thickness swelling (TS) did not vary much. The wettability of the straws was improved by cooking treatment. The steam cooking conditions had little effect on the wettability of the straw surfaces. For reed and wheat straws, the weight losses increased with increasing steam pressure and cooking time. In addition, it was found that the properties of MDF were significantly higher than those of particleboard, especially the internal bond (IB), where the IB values of MDF were more than 10 times higher than those of particleboard. All the properties of the straw MDF, except the TS of wheat board, can meet the requirement of JIS fiberboard standard. The high performances of MDF could be due to the improved wettability and the removal of extractives during the refining process.     

Cement-bonded particleboard with a mixture of wheat straw and poplar wood

We investigated the hydration behavior and some physical/mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboard (CBPB) containing particles of wheat straw and poplar wood at various usage ratios and bonded with Portland cement mixed with different levels of inorganic additives. We determined the setting time and compression strength of cement pastes containing different additives and particles, and studied the effects of these additives and particles on thickness swelling, internal bond strength and modulus of rupture of CBPB by using RSM (Response Surface Methodology). The mathematical model equations (second-order response functions) were derived to optimize properties of CBPB by computer simulation programming. Predicted values were in agreement with experimental values (R2 values of 0.93, 0.96 and 0.96 for TS, IB and MOR, respectively). RSM can be efficiently applied to model panel properties. The variables can affect the properties of panels. The cement composites with bending strength > 12.5 MPa and internal bond strength > 0.28 MPa can be made by using wheat straw as a reinforcing material. Straw particle usage up to 11.5% in the mixture satisfies the minimum requirements of International Standard, EN 312 (2003) for IB and MOR. The dose of 4.95% calcium chloride, by weight of cement, can improve mechanical properties of the panels at the minimum requirement of EN 312. By increasing straw content from 0 to 30%, TS was reduced by increasing straw particle usage up to 1.5% and with 5.54% calcium chloride in the mixture, TS satisfied the EN 312 standard.     

异氰酸酯胶麦秆刨花板生产成本分析

本文从生产规模、投资取向等方面入手,分析了异氰酸酯胶麦秆刨花板的生产成本,为异氰酸酯胶麦秆刨花板这一新产品的推广应用和工业化生产提供依据。     

石膏刨花板研究综述

石膏板具有优异的抗火性能,在轻型木结构中主要用作楼板和墙板的抗火覆面板。通过在石膏基体中复合木材刨花等植物纤维制备石膏刨花板,可不改变板材原有的生产制备工艺而提高其力学性能。生产石膏刨花板的石膏原料主要来源于工业石膏,刨花主要为农业或工业副产品,兼顾变废为宝和材料成本可控等优势,因此具有广泛的应用前景。文中综述了石膏刨花板中不同缓凝剂的作用机理、不同植物纤维类型的增强效果、后处理方式和外加剂对板材性能改善的机理等板材制备工艺,以及石膏刨花板的物理力学性能和抗火性能等研究现状,指出目前土木工程用石膏刨花板存在的不足及需进一步研究的方向,可为石膏刨花板的进一步系统研究以及工程应用提供参考。