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高粱──苏丹草杂交种的选育和利用 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
利用高粱、苏丹草强大的杂种优势,选育的高粱──苏丹草杂交种经试验、示范,不仅单株优势明显、单位面积产量高,而且品质也十分优良,用于养鱼和养牛,均获得成功。 相似文献
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高粱、苏丹草及高粱-苏丹草杂交种产量和饲用品质的比较 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在大田条件下,比较研究了高粱-苏丹草杂交种(皖草2号、京科草1号)与高粱、苏丹草的生物产量和饲用品质。结果表明,与高粱和苏丹草相比,高粱-苏丹草杂交种的生物产量高,其中,皖草2号的鲜、干物质产量比苏丹草722选分别高83.8%和121.9%,京科草1号的鲜、干物质产量比722选分别高98.6%和139.9%;杂交种的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量高,无氮浸出物含量低;粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的产量及总能量均最高,高粱次之,苏丹草最低,杂交种饲用品质的改善主要是粗蛋白和粗脂肪的显著提高;从物质分配和能量形成的角度分析,茎秆和叶鞘是鲜物质产量的主要组成部分,而在干物质产量和能量的形成过程中,茎秆、叶鞘和叶片具有同等重要的作用。 相似文献
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以新牧草品种"雅安"扁穗牛鞭草为材料,在温江地区进行了引种栽培试验,本试验设计了5个播种密度分别为250、300、350、400 kg/667 m2和450 kg/667 m2的种茎,测定了该草的主要农艺性状包括株高、叶长、叶宽、节间长、节直径和单株分蘖以及该草的年鲜草产量,同时也观测了该草在温江地区的物候期。结果表明:播种密度为350 kg/667 m2的种茎时,该草的年鲜草产量最高,显著高于其他播种密度下的鲜草产量,并且该草的农艺性状中单株分蘖数与鲜草产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.654;同时该草在温江地区也能够完成生育期,适宜在该地区推广。 相似文献
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高粱-苏丹草杂交种生物能源利用的前景分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
高粱-苏丹草杂交种产草量高,品质好,抗逆性强,已成为饲喂畜禽和草鱼的重要青饲和青贮作物.针对高粱-苏丹草杂交种的选育与利用现状,分析了能饲兼用型高粱-苏丹草杂交种的应用前景,提出了在生物能源利用上存在的问题与对策,为高粱-苏丹草杂交种研究探讨了一种新的发展思路. 相似文献
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采用盆栽控水方法研究了4份苏丹草品种、6份高粱品种和2份高粱-苏丹草杂交种对干旱胁迫的生理响应.结果表明:高粱、苏丹草及其杂交种的丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,在干旱胁迫条件下均有不同程度的提高.差异性t测验表明,丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)在高粱、苏丹草及其杂交种间反应不同,高粱在处理与对照间差异达显著或极显著水平,苏丹草和杂交种在处理与对照间差异不显著;在过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)指标上,高粱、苏丹草及其杂交种反应一致,处理与对照间差异均不显著.利用全部生理生化指标对12个参试品种进行聚类,结果4个苏丹草品种与杂交种11号被聚成1类;高粱5号与6号,7号与8号各聚成1类;高粱10号自成1类;杂交种12号与高粱9号被聚为1类.因此,苏丹草各品种生理特性的差异较小,高粱和杂交种内品种间差异较大. 相似文献
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高梁、苏丹草及高梁-苏丹草杂交种产量和饲用品质的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在大田条件下,比较研究了高梁-苏丹草杂交种(皖草2号、京科草1号)与高梁、苏丹草的生物产量和饲用品质。结果表明,与高梁和苏丹草相比,高梁-苏丹草杂交种的生物产量高,其中,皖草2号的鲜、干物质产量比苏丹草722选分别高83.8%和121.9%,京科草1号的鲜、干物质产量比722选分别高98.6%和139.9%;杂交种的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量高,无氮浸出物含量低;粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的产量及总能量均最高,高梁次之,苏丹草最低,杂交种饲用品质的改善主要是粗蛋白和粗脂肪的显著提高;从物质分配和能量形成的角度分析,茎秆和叶鞘是鲜物质产量的主要组成部分,而在干物质产量和能量的形成过程中,茎秆、叶鞘和叶片具有同等重要的作用。 相似文献
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苏丹草(S. sudanense)与高粱(S.bicolor)均为禾本科高梁属植物,两者的杂种优势明显,杂交种品质好,抗逆性强,在水产、畜禽养殖及资源利用与环境保护上有着广阔的开发利用前景,但两者是否属于同一个种至今存在争议.本文采用去壁低渗.火焰干燥法,分析了2份苏丹草、2份高粱及其3个杂种F1有丝分裂核型,观察了3个杂种F1减数分裂染色体行为和2个杂种F2体细胞染色体数目.结果表明,苏丹草、高粱及其杂种F1均为1A核型,但核型公式不完全相同,苏丹草Sa为2n=18m+2sm(sat),高粱3042A和3042A×Sa F1为2n=20m,其余材料均为2n=20m(sat).苏丹草、高粱及其杂种F1 3者在10条染色体的绝对长臂、绝对短臂、绝对全长、臂比和相对全长上差异均不显著(P0.05),说明苏丹草与高粱在染色体长度上的变化不明显.杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂,终变期和中期Ⅰ染色体核型和数目清晰可见(2n=2x=20),配对行为规则;棒状和环状二价体的频率因组合不同而异,Tx623A×S722 F1、3042A×Sa F1和Tx623A×Sa F1棒状二价体频率分别为4.887、5.710和5.126,环状二价体频率分别为5.113、4.290和4.874;在后期Ⅰ,配对的染色体能够正常分离.杂种F2体细胞染色体数目为20(2n=20).因此,苏丹草与高粱的亲缘关系非常近. 相似文献
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苏丹草(S. sudanense)与高粱(S. bicolor)均为禾本科高粱属植物, 两者的杂种优势明显, 杂交种品质好, 抗逆性强, 在水产、畜禽养殖及资源利用与环境保护上有着广阔的开发利用前景, 但两者是否属于同一个种至今存在争议。本文采用去壁低渗-火焰干燥法, 分析了2份苏丹草、2份高粱及其3个杂种F1有丝分裂核型, 观察了3个杂种F1减数分裂染色体行为和2个杂种F2体细胞染色体数目。结果表明, 苏丹草、高粱及其杂种F1均为1A核型, 但核型公式不完全相同, 苏丹草Sa为2n=18m+2sm(sat), 高粱3042A和3042A×Sa F1为2n=20m, 其余材料均为2n=20m(sat)。苏丹草、高粱及其杂种F1 3者在10条染色体的绝对长臂、绝对短臂、绝对全长、臂比和相对全长上差异均不显著(P>0.05), 说明苏丹草与高粱在染色体长度上的变化不明显。杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂, 终变期和中期I染色体核型和数目清晰可见(2n=2x=20), 配对行为规则; 棒状和环状二价体的频率因组合不同而异, Tx623A×S722 F1、3042A×Sa F1和Tx623A×Sa F1棒状二价体频率分别为4.887、5.710和5.126, 环状二价体频率分别为5.113、 4.290和4.874; 在后期I, 配对的染色体能够正常分离。杂种F2体细胞染色体数目为20(2n=20)。因此, 苏丹草与高粱的亲缘关系非常近。 相似文献
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高粱(Sorghum vulgare Pers.)营养器官中的硅质细胞与硅质体 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文着重讨论高粱硅质细胞的形态、排列方式和分布数量。幼苗三叶期的幼叶硅质细胞为葫芦形,排列成1—2行。成长植株的中、高位叶硅质细胞成马鞍形,通常与栓质细胞成对,与长细胞相间排列成多种图形。硅质细胞分布数量:低位叶少,中、高位叶增多;叶下表皮多于上表皮;尤以贴叶脉下表皮、主脉下表皮、大平行侧脉下表皮多于其它部 相似文献
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A. Teshome B.R. Baum L. Fahrig J.K. Torrance T.J. Arnason J.D. Lambert 《Euphytica》1997,97(3):255-263
Fourteen phenotypic characters were chosen for the purpose of obtaining taxonomic evidence on the resemblances of 177 accessions
of sorghum from North Shewa and South Welo regions of Ethiopia. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) and Modeclus cluster
analysis were conducted to see if the 177 accessions could form clusters based on their morphological characters, and to test
the consistency of farmers’ naming of the five most common Sorghum landraces represented by 44 accessions. Multivariate analyses
grouped the 177 accessions into three clusters linked by a few phenotypic intermediate landraces. A botanical key was established
for easy classification of the Sorghum crop plants grown in the study area. The number of accessions of the five most common
landraces named by the farmers formed dissimilar groups, suggesting that farmers’ naming of these Sorghum landraces are consistent.
Midrib color, grain color, grain size, glume color, glume hairiness, and grain shape were the leading morphological characters
used by the farmers in naming these Sorghum landraces.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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In semiarid regions of the Mediterranean basin, water and salinity stresses restrict crop establishment. The effects of salt and water stress on seed germination and early embryo growth (radicle and shoot growth) were investigated in laboratory in two cultivars of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] – cv. ‘90‐5‐2′ and cv. ‘Keller’ – to verify how these stresses may limit crop growth during the very early stages of growing season. Six water potentials (ψ) of the imbibition solution (from 0 to ?1.0 MPa) in NaCl or polyethylene glycol (PEG) for salt and water stress tests, respectively, were studied. Daily germination was recorded, and radicle and shoot lengths and dry weights (DWs) were measured 2 days after initial germination. Seed germination was reduced (8–30% lower than control) by water stress at ψ 0.6 MPa and was delayed (approx. +10 h) already at ?0.4 MPa. Salt stress only prolonged germination time. Shoot and root growth was adversely affected by water stress (PEG), whereas the effect of salt stress was less relevant. Cv. ‘90‐5‐2’ was less sensitive than cv. ‘Keller’ to both stresses. These cultivars exhibited a greater sensitivity to abiotic stresses in terms of root and shoot growth; therefore, other parameters beside germination, such as early embryo growth rate, may help in evaluating sorghum lines for adaptation to semi‐arid areas. 相似文献
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运用细胞离析法对高粱两个品种各叶位叶片细胞形态的观察表明,随叶位升高,三环以上的多环细胞所占的比例有增加趋势,但中部叶位的略有下降。叶肉细胞随叶位升高逐渐变小,但品种间叶肉细胞高度的变化趋势却有不同。冀杂6号叶片表皮气孔密度随叶位升高而增加,而y2203的却差异不大。高粱叶鞘薄壁细胞的形态与叶片细胞的显著 相似文献
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The segregating F2 population from the hybrid between grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), chromosome number doubled, and Johnsongrass (S. halepense)
was examined for expression of rhizomes. A rhizome to non-rhizome segregation ratio of 3:1 was observed suggesting a single
dominant gene regulation in the rhizome phenotype of S. bicolor and S. halepense. Approximately 72% of the F2 population overwintered and regrew from the rhizomes the following spring. When comparing these data with data in the literature,
the rhizome regulating gene in the Sorghum genus may be an incomplete dominant gene requiring a few genes to be expressed
additively that result in different degrees of rhizome development in the Sorghum genus.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Little information exists concerning how crops will respond to the predicted increased night temperatures. The objective of this work was to determine if respiration and growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a C, plant, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a C3 plant, are affected when the night temperature is increased by 5°C compared to the long-term (19 year) average night temperature in June in Kansas. Sorghum and sunflower were grown in two walk-in growth chambers with either the ambient night temperature (21C) or a high night temperature (26C). Day temperature was the same for all plants (27C). Both sunflower and sorghum had higher respiration rates under the elevated night temperature than under the ambient temperature. The average respiration rate of sunflower grown under elevated night temperature increased by 19% (0.89 vs. 0.75 μmol m?2 s?1) and that of sorghum by 44 % (0.52 vs. 0.36μmol m?2s?1). After 74 days, sunflower plants grown under the ambient night temperature were 30.2 cm taller than sunflower plants grown under the elevated night temperature; sorghum plants under the ambient temperature were 24.8 cm taller. Sunflower plants grown under the elevated night temperature formed flowers one week earlier than those grown under the ambient temperature. Sorghum formed no flowers by 74 days. Results suggest that, if climate change does increase night temperature, respiration will be increased more in C4, than C3 plants. 相似文献
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高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)质核互作雄性不育类型有7种,即A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,A6和9E.对于雄性不育机理的研究以往都集中在A1类型上.本文运用SSR方法分析了高粱亲本622 A2,晋粱5号,它们的杂交种622 A2×晋粱5号,及其F2代323个单株的DNA,从60对SSR引物中筛选到与不育基因连锁的SSR标记Xtxp 65和Xtxp30,分别位于目的基因11.5 cM和20.0 cM处,其特异带型大小分别约为125 bp和250 bp.分子标记的有效利用有利于优良高粱不育系的选择,也为基于作图的基因分离奠定了基础. 相似文献