喀什地区人工饲草料地建设发展对策

饲草料是畜牧业发展的物质基础,饲草料的生产水平决定看畜牧业的发展质量.喀什地区是一个农业大区,也是一个农区畜牧业大区,加快人工饲草料基地建设可以缓解草畜矛质这一制约喀什区畜牧业发展的突出问题.本丈介绍了喀什地区人工饲草料地建设的现状.分析了人工饲草料地建设中存在的问题,提出了相应的发展对策.     

环县畜牧业生产现状与发展建设议

通过对环县畜牧业生产现状的调查,分析了环县畜牧业生产中存在的问题(天然草场严重退化,饲草料严重短缺,生态环境日趋恶化,畜牧业整体结构不合理,饲养管理条件差、技术落后,畜牧产品生产加工包装粗糙,名牌产品少,效益低)等,提出了环县发展畜牧业生产应积极引进优良品种试验示范推广、因地制宜地调整畜种群结构、加强技术培训、进行规范养殖、加大饲草料种植和棚圈建设力度、确保棚圈饲草料满足供应、多方引进资金技术设备、开展畜产品精深加工及出口创汇、不断提高综合效益、逐步实现畜牧产业化、增加农牧民收入等一系列具体建议.     

加大高标准人工饲草料地建设是保持哈密地区畜牧业可持续发展的关键

饲草是畜牧业发展的基础,要保持哈密地区畜牧业可持续发展,必须解决饲草的问题。本文对哈密地区畜牧业的生产情况、天然草原的利用现状以及人工饲草料地建设的现状和存在的问题进行了详细的分析,对今后哈密地区高标准人工饲草料地的建设提出了科学合理的建议,为草原畜牧业可持续发展指明了方向。     

新疆巩留县饲草料生产现状浅析

饲草料是畜牧业发展的基础,本文对巩留县饲草料生产现状进行了调查,对饲草料生产中存在的问题和改进对策进行了探讨。建议在做好草原生态保护的基础上,大力发展人工种草,改进秸秆饲料利用方式,提高秸秆饲料利用率。     

赤峰市饲草料生产能力评价分析

饲草料生产是畜牧业稳定健康快速发展的前提和基础,全市目前正常年景饲草料生产能力约为104亿kg,而需求量为126亿kg,缺口达到22亿kg,对赤峰市饲草料生产情况进行正确分析和评价,将会为赤峰市在今后一段时期内如何制定草产业发展规划和畜牧业的发展方针起到宏观指导作用。     

德国畜牧业生产体系特征及对我国的启示

德国是畜牧业生产大国,也是畜牧业强国。本文基于德国畜牧业生产统计数据,对其畜牧业的养殖规模、养殖模式、标准法规、技术装备和组织合作等发展现状进行分析,总结归纳德国畜牧业生产体系的主要特征和建设经验,最后立足于我国畜牧发展现状,提出对中国现代畜牧业生产体系建设的借鉴与启示。     

美国饲草饲料生产及加工工业发展特点和趋势

<正> 美国是一个畜牧业生产大国,年牧业产值达900多亿美元,占农业总产值的65％左右,饲草料年产值210多亿美元,占牧业产值的23％左右;其发达的畜牧业生产是建立在高度发展的饲草料生产基础之上,以强大的饲草料加工工业作为物质技术保障。     

电子计算机在畜禽饲草料配合中的应用

我国有丰富的饲草料资源,发展畜牧业具有得天独厚的条件。提供量多、质优、价廉的饲料是提高畜牧业经济效益的基础,也是饲料工业的发展目标,而配合饲料工业又是饲料工业的核心,是实现畜牧业现代化的关键。随着饲草料资源的开发,可利用饲草料种类不断增多,过去那     

微型饲草短铡粉碎机在畜牧生产的作用

新疆是西部开发战略的重点地区之一,国家在交通、能源、环保及生态等多方面均大力投入,同时新疆也是畜牧业重要生产基地,随着农业结构及农业产业体系的不断调整,林果业、畜牧业及农产品加工业已逐渐成为当地的主导产业.近年来,传统畜牧业正在逐渐向着现代畜牧业的方向转变,为畜牧业的发展奠定了坚实的基础.新疆喀什地区饲草料加工水平低,...     

民和:探索高原农区畜牧业强县之路

"畜牧强县"是青海省民和回族土族自治县长久以来的发展目标.作为当地的传统产业,畜牧业极具活跃性和广泛性,打造农区畜牧业强县的确是民和经济发展的必然选择.可是,没有充足的饲草料做基础,这个目标只能停留在纸上. 民和县地处湟水谷地和黄河谷地,是黄河、湟水河、大通河流经之地,拥有耕地63.5万亩,是青海省的农业大县,却不是畜牧业大县.饲草料不足,如何支撑起畜牧业的发展?三江汇水的优势,又如何转变成饲草料畜牧业的优势?农区畜牧业怎么打造,要从什么地方入手?怎么才能真正做到畜牧业强县?一系列问题摆在了民和面前.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -