我国饲用甜菜产业发展的对策与建议

系统分析了国内外饲用甜菜的发展现状、存在的主要问题,以及与乌克兰等开展国际合作的意义及可行性,并提出了我国发展饲用甜菜的对策和建议。     

栽培甜菜的种类及利用价值

栽培甜菜从种类上分具有糖用型、饲用型、食用型甜菜;从用途上看,不仅可以制糖,还可制燃料乙醇,提取甜菜碱、甜菜纤维;对发展畜牧业而言,饲用甜菜是优质高产的多汁饲料;对丰富食物结构而言,食用甜菜具有食用营养和药用价值.应该挖掘甜菜的综合利用价值.     

不同饲用甜菜品系中磷含量的测定与分析

试验对6个不同饲用甜菜品系中磷含量进行了测定,结果表明:不同品系中磷的含量存在明显的差异,品系中磷含量从高到低的顺序为S204S205S201S202S203S206。品系S204中磷的含量最高达到了0.3%。研究饲用甜菜中磷的测定方法,对于选育含磷量适宜的饲用甜菜品种非常重要。     

新型饲草作物甜饲1号南育北繁制种技术

优质、抗逆、饲用甜菜新品种甜饲l号是甘肃省农业科学院经济作物研究所通过系统选育方法选育而成的饲用甜菜新品种。该品种的选育填补了我国在饲用甜菜育种领域的空白。甜饲1号生物产量高、品质优良、适应性广,抗黄化病和白粉病,抗盐碱、耐瘠薄,平均根产量112747.5kg／hm^2,茎叶产量84000.0kg／hm^2,含糖率6.6％。根体中干物质13.37％、粗纤维10.1％、粗脂肪2.69％,是品质较好的新型多汁饲料作物,适口性良好,适宜在我国北方广大地区推广种植。     

盐碱地饲用甜菜套作油葵种植模式效益分析

对中度盐碱地种植饲用甜菜套作油葵两种作物不同行比的4种模式进行对比试验。结果表明:处理1(带幅220 cm,种植4行饲用甜菜,3行油葵模式)综合效益突出,间作物油葵产量(154.21kg/667m2)最高,较对照(带幅80 cm,种植2行饲用甜菜,1行油葵种植模式)增产53.56%,饲用甜菜与其它3个处理对比产量减幅不大;其产值为2557.94元/667m2,纯收益为2131.94元/667m2,在4个处理中最高,较对照分别增加11.07%和13.16%。建议处理1的栽培模式可作为甘肃河西灌区中度盐碱地首选推广应用的模式种植。     

浅谈吉林省西部地区饲用甜菜的发展

论述了在吉林省西部地区发展饲用甜菜的现实意义、广阔的发展前景并提出了存在问题。     

饲用甜菜组合适应性分析

对2004年饲用甜菜5个组合在黑龙江省不同试验点的表现进行了稳定性分析。结果表明:有3个组合表现了较强的适应性和稳定性,有2个组合在有的试验点表现了特别适应和不适应性。     

我国饲料企业现状、前景及市场应对措施

2005年我国饲料产量首次突破1亿t,而同时,国内饲料企业大搞联合,国外饲料企业伺机而入,饲料行业即将“洗牌”。介绍了我国饲料企业和饲料行业的现状;分析了饲料行业发展的机遇,总结了饲料行业发展的4个有利因素;提出了饲料企业要明晰企业战略和建立健全规避风险的机制等应对挑战的措施。     

饲用甜菜新品种“甜饲2号”的选育

饲用甜菜新品种"甜饲2号"是以甜菜雄性不育系G04A为母本,饲用甜菜自交系LC-1-1为父本,通过杂交选育而成的F1代杂交种.多点试验平均根产量为107751.8kg/hm2,较对照增产2.3%;含糖率为13.7%,比对照高5.0度.2007年参加了生产示范试验,2008年底通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会认定命名.该品种经济产量高,蛋白质含量和含糖率较高,抗病性强,适应性广.     

高生产力饲用甜菜--中饲甜201的选育

由中国农业科学院甜菜研究所和黑龙江大学农学院共同选育的饲用甜菜——中饲甜201于2005年11月通过全国牧草饲料作物品种审定委员会的评议审定、命名.“中饲甜201”是通过对引进饲用甜菜育种材料进行有选择的杂交改良,采用轮回选择技术方法选育而成的高生产力多系品种.该品种在黑龙江省区域试验中,平均根产达66.8t/hm^2,超过对照种21.1%;在生产试验中,平均根产达83.6t/hm^2,超过对照种25.7%.该品种中抗甜菜褐宽病,耐根腐病和窖腐病,易于收获.适于在东北以及内蒙古东部畜牧养殖区推广种植.     

甜菜当年抽薹开花诱导技术在育种上的应用

对不同类型甜菜品系及不同苗龄幼苗光温诱导敏感性进行了研究。结果表明:不同类型甜菜品系、不同苗龄的幼苗均表现出随着光温诱导时间的延长,其抽薹率、开花率和结实率均有提高;但不同类型品系之间对光温诱导的敏感性存在着较明显的差异,同一品系幼苗的不同苗龄间也存在着一定的差异。饲料甜菜品系HSLTC在诱导80d以前各期的抽薹率明显高于糖甜菜品系DP10,但其开花率和结实率在各诱导时期均明显低于DP10。随着诱导时间的延长,各品系的抽薹率、开花率和结实率有所递增,糖甜菜幼苗的光温诱导时间以110d左右为宜,饲料甜菜应不少于130d。     

Effect of three forages and two forage allowances offered to pregnant dry dairy cows in winter on periparturient performance and milk yield in early lactation

Sixty multiparous, Holstein–Friesian pregnant dry dairy cows were allocated to three forage treatments ( n  = 20; fodder beet, kale or grass silage) at two feeding allowances ( n  = 30; high and low) for 70 (s.e. of mean, 16) d before parturition. Cows offered the high feeding allowance were offered 9 kg of dry matter (DM) of kale or fodder beet grazed in situ plus 5 kg DM of baled grass silage daily or clamp grass silage ad libitum offered indoors. Cows offered the low feeding allowance were offered 6 kg DM of kale or fodder beet grazed in situ plus 3·5 kg DM baled grass silage daily, or 9·5 kg DM of clamp grass silage daily offered indoors. After calving, all cows received a daily allowance of 14 kg DM perennial ryegrass herbage at pasture plus 4 kg concentrate cow⁻¹ for the first 35 d of lactation. Cows offered grass silage had a greater increase in body condition score pre-partum compared to those offered kale or fodder beet. Cows offered fodder beet pre-partum had a greater milk solid and solids-corrected milk yield in the first 35 d of lactation than those offered kale and grass silage pre-partum. Offering fodder beet and kale pre-partum increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations pre-partum relative to offering grass silage. Offering kale pre-partum resulted in higher insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration post-partum but lower plasma copper concentration pre-partum and at calving than kale or grass silage. Offering the higher forage allowance pre-partum resulted in a higher plasma calcium concentration at calving and higher plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration post-partum.     

The effects of feeding fodder beet with two levels of concentrate allocation to dairy cattle

Twelve cows were used in a cyclic changeover design experiment to examine the effects of feeding fodder beet (variety Kyros) at three levels (0, 2 and 4 kg dry matter (DM) d^?1) with two levels of concentrate feeding (4 and 8 kg DM^?1). Silage was offered ad libitum. At the start of the experiment the mean number of days after calving was 46 and the mean live weight 516 kg. The experiment consisted of four 3-week periods with intake and performance measurements during the last week of each period. An in vitro analysis of the feeds for the silage, fodder beet and concentrate respectively was: DM (g kg-^?1) 189, 163, 860; crude protein (g kg DM^?1) 143,76,201; metabolizable energy (MJ kg DM^?1) 104, 133, 13–5. Silage DM intake decreased but total DM intake increased when fodder beet was fed. The DM intakes (kg d^?1) for treatments (fodder beet/ concentrate) 0/4, 2/4, 4/4, 0/8, 2/8, 4/8 respectively were: silage DM 91, 79, 78, 83, 70 and 68 (s.e.d. =0.31); and total DM 130, 138, 156, 162, 166, 183 (s.e.d. = 0.36). Feeding fodder beet had no significant effects on milk yield or milk composition, but there was a significant increase in milk protein yield when fodder beet was included in the ration. There were no significant interactions between level of fodder beet feeding and concentrate level. Increasing the level of concentrate feeding led to a highly significant increase in milk yield, milk protein content and yield of milk constituents. The yields for treatments 0/4, 2/4,4/4,0/8, 2/8,4/8 respectively were: milk yield (kg d^?1) 206, 204,21 8, 241,235, 244 (s.e.d. = 0–58); fat yield (g d^?1) 827, 793, 885, 954, 936, 954 (s.e.d. = 394); and protein yield (g d^?1) 622, 628, 679, 774, 777, 814 (s.e.d. = 179). There were no significant differences in milk yield and milk composition when fodder beet was included in the diet which may have been due to the low crude protein content of the diet.     

The effect of concentrate feed level on the response of lactating dairy cows to a constant proportion of fodder beet inclusion in a grass silage-based diet

Abstract The effects of level of concentrate supplementation on the response of dairy cows to grass silage‐based diets containing a constant proportion of fodder beet were examined. Forty Holstein‐Friesian dairy cows of mixed parity were used in a 2 × 5 factorial design experiment. Two basal diet types [grass silage alone or grass silage mixed with fodder beet in a 70:30 dry matter (DM) ratio] were offered ad libitum, and the effects of five levels of concentrate supplementation (mean = 3·0, 5·3, 7·5, 9·8 and 12·0 kg DM per cow d^?1) were examined. Concentrate supplements were offered via an out‐of‐parlour feeding system. These treatments were examined in a three‐period (period length = 4 weeks) partially balanced changeover design experiment. Fodder beet inclusion had no significant effect on the estimated metabolizable energy (ME) concentration of the ration (P > 0·001). Total DM intake, estimated ME intake, milk yield, milk protein content and milk energy output all showed significant linear increases with increasing level of concentrate inclusion (P < 0·001) while, in addition, milk yield and milk energy output exhibited a significant quadratic increase (P < 0·01). The inclusion of fodder beet in the diet reduced silage DM intake (P < 0·01) but resulted in an increase in total DM intake and estimated ME intake (P < 0·001). However, inclusion of fodder beet had no significant effect on milk yield (P > 0·05), while increasing milk protein content and milk energy output (P ≤ 0·05). Milk energy output, as a proportion of estimated ME intake, was significantly (P < 0·001) reduced by fodder beet inclusion (0·44 vs. 0·38). Despite large increases in estimated ME intake with the inclusion of fodder beet at all levels of concentrate supplementation, milk energy output responses were small, resulting in an overall reduction in the efficiency of conversion of ME intake into milk energy output. An increased partitioning of dietary ME intake to tissue gain is suggested as the most likely explanation for the observations made.     

The effects of feeding fodder beet to dairy cows offered silage ad libitum

In a 16-week winter feeding experiment, 48 autumn calving cows and heifers were used to compare a control diet, with two diets including fodder beet at a low and a high level. The control diet was ad libitum silage and 6 kg d^-1 of concentrates (13.4 MJ (kg DM)^-1 of ME and 197 g (kg DM)^-1 of CP). The cows offered fodder beet were fed the control diet (C) plus fodder beet at either 2 (L) or 4 (H) kg DM d^-1. Soya bean meal was offered with the fodder beet at 0.5 or 1.0 kg d^-1 for diets L and H, respectively.
Total dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes were 15.2,16.4 and 17.3 kg DM d^-1; 177, 195 and 211 MJ d^-1 for treatments C, L and H, respectively. The mean milk yields were not significantly affected by the feeding of fodder beet. There was a significant improvement in the fat and protein content of the milk and yield of constituents. The milk composition and yield of solids were: fat content 42.3,44.2 and 45.9 (s.e.d. 1.25) g kg^-1; protein content 33.0, 34.5, 35.3 (s.e.d. 0.76) g kg^-1; fat yield 964,1027,1095(s.e.d. 63.2); protein yield 757, 801, 841 (s.e.d. 48.8) for treatments C, L and H, respectively. The treatments had no significant effect on live weight or condition score change.     

浅析叶用甜菜(Beta.v.cicla L.)的研究进展

叶用甜菜是中国仅有的甜菜种质资源,在中国已有２５００年栽培历史。叶用甜菜不仅可以用作蔬菜、草药和饲料,而且还是糖甜菜（Ｂ．ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ Ｌ．）的近缘种,是改良糖甜菜遗传基础的一个重要资源。本文综述了叶用甜菜的起源、分布、及分子生物学的研究进展。展望了叶用甜菜的利用和开发前景。     

饲用甜菜新品种"甜饲1号"的选育及应用

“甜饲1号”(育种代号LC-1)由甘肃省农业科学院经济作物研究所利用地方品种资源,采用系统选择法育成。2000年12月通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。该品种具有经济产量高,品质好,抗甜菜黄化毒病和白粉病,适应性广等特点。在水肥、热量条件较好的情况下,根产量最高可达183.0t/hm2,茎叶产量达到220.5t/hm2,经济产量可达403.5t/hm2;根体干物质含量11.87%,干物质中蛋白质含量为13.73%,含糖率为6.5%￣6.7%。饲喂试验表明,根和茎叶适口性均较好,是奶牛、羊、猪等家畜非常喜爱的饲料。2001～2005年在甘肃省中、东部地区以及内蒙、宁夏、新疆、西藏部分地区大面积推广种植。