家蚕五龄期不同桑品种的叶质对原蚕茧质、虫质的影响

<正> 蚕要从桑叶中摄取营养,而桑树品种不同,桑叶中所含的成分也有差异,对蚕的茧质、虫质都有一定的影响。我场培育原原种都用湖桑(主要桑品种为荷叶白、桐乡青),有的蚕期,由于种茧全茧量轻,茧层量达不到标准不能制种,我们曾采取增加给桑回数的措施,但效果不显著。多年来,我们感到湖桑虽有叶片大,产叶量高,硬化迟的优点,但叶质是不够理想的。在1981年春、夏两季,我们进行了五龄期用不同桑品种的桑叶饲育原蚕的比较试验,结果表明,用白桑饲育的原蚕,收茧量、茧质都优于湖桑,对难养的蚕品种,提高更为显著。     

不同桑品种对原蚕制种成绩的影响

不同桑品种的桑叶内在质量优否，直接影响家蚕的饲养成绩。近年来，随着家蚕多丝量新品种和桑树新品种的育成推广，过去对桑树品种育成推广的资料以产茧、茧质和丝质成绩介绍报道较多，而对原蚕制种产卵成绩的报道较少，作为蚕种场是以制种产卵为主，     

不同桑品种对家蚕种茧育成绩的影响(Ⅰ)

桑叶的质量不仅直接影响当代蚕的体质、茧质,而且还影响到其制种成绩和后代蚕的饲养成绩。针对生物学性状表现较好、桑叶质量优的4个主推桑品种农桑14号、农桑12号、强桑1号和金10,以荷叶白为对照,对原蚕种茧育成绩的影响进行了分析,结果表明:不同的桑品种对家蚕的种茧育成绩产生了一定影响,在不同的季节表现有所不同,综合考虑原蚕生命力、茧质、kg茧制种量及卵质等主要性状,种茧育采用农桑14号和农桑12号为好。     

五龄期不同给桑量对家蚕生长发育的影响

本文通过不同给桑量对家蚕5龄龄期、熟蚕体重、茧质等方面的影响,得出给桑量多少与5龄发育经过、熟蚕体重、万头产茧量以及茧质量成正相关。适当减少给桑量对蚕生命力没有显著影响的结论。合理控制5龄给桑量,对50kg桑产茧量有较大幅度的增产。     

秋蚕五龄给桑量、饲育面积、日给桑次数优化组合研究

本试验利用正交试验法，以50kg桑产茧、产茧量、全茧量、茧层率、食下率为指标，对五龄家蚕给桑量、饲育面积、日给桑次数三因素的组合进行了优化选择，得出200头秋蚕五龄期的给桑量2520g、饲育面积0.14m^2、日给桑次数2次的组合较佳。     

几个桑树新品种的叶质比较试验

为在本地原蚕区选育和推广优良桑品种,采用生物试验和化学分析的方法,对几个新选育的桑品种进行了叶质鉴定试验。结果表明,新品种Su-T4在5龄蚕生长发育(龄期经过、蚕体重)、虫蛹生命力(结茧率、健蛹率)、茧质成绩(全茧量、茧层量、茧层率)及制种成绩(产良卵数、卵粒重)等方面都接近或超过了对照品种,是属于叶质特别优良的桑品种。     

4个不同桑树品种繁育桂蚕N2中系原种效果分析

为筛选出适宜桑蚕品种桂蚕N2中系原种繁育的桑品种,以伦教40、强桑1号、桂桑优12杂交桑、桂桑优12母本4个主要桑品种为材料,比较不同桑品种对家蚕原种繁育成绩影响。结果表明:不同桑品种桑叶对家蚕原种繁育成绩存在不同程度影响,其中发育经过的差异较小,生命力、茧质及卵质表现出显著性差异。综合考虑强健性、茧质、造卵数、良卵数、折净率等多个指标,确定桂蚕N2中系原种繁育较适宜选用的桑品种为伦教40、强桑1号。     

五龄期不同给桑量对苏豪×钟晔生长发育的影响

苏豪×钟晔是江苏苏豪国际集团股份有限公司与日本钟纺株式会社合作,通过中日双方多年的共同努力育成的一对具有典型的高产、高效、优质的新蚕品种。2012年中秋进行研究5龄期给桑量的多少对苏豪×钟晔生长发育、蚕病发生及茧质、丝质的影响。试验表明5龄期适当控制给桑量有利于增强苏豪×钟晔的蚕体强健度,但给桑量不能控制过度。5龄给桑不足会明显延长龄期经过,增加蚕感染蚕病的机会,使病蚕数增加,影响结茧率。同时5龄食桑不足还明显影响全茧量的大小,影响一茧丝长、茧层量等茧丝质指标,继而影响蚕茧产量和经济效益。     

夏秋蚕五龄用桑之商讨

一、秋蚕五龄用桑商讨秋蚕五龄用桑,通常采用枝条下部叶质粗硬的桑叶,若在早期就使用而在五龄采用枝条上部良桑时,认为多少有助于茧质的提高,但是若在早期给与枝条下部桑叶时则必须考虑对虫质的影响,试验如下:     

优良桑品种对蚕种卵量及卵质的影响

桑叶是家蚕主要饲料,桑叶品质如何对家蚕生长发育起着决定作用,又与茧质、卵质等有极大关系,而叶质又与桑品种特性紧密相关。因此,我们用不同桑品种对蚕种卵量及卵质的影响进行了试验,现将试验结果报道如下:材料和方法一、试验设区 l、桑品种育71一1、育72一l、湖桑32号 2、蚕品种丰一、54A、苏六 3、试验设区针对不同蚕品种,每个桑品种重复三次,每区100     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.