水杨酸对镉胁迫下花椰菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了镉胁迫下外施水杨酸(SA)对花椰菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,低浓度(0.01～0.10mmol/L)的Cd2+对花椰菜种子萌发的影响并不显著,但随浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽指数、苗高、根长、活力指数和叶绿素含量均显著降低,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量上升,POD、CAT、APX活性增加.SA处理能有效缓解高浓度镉引起的细胞伤害和氧化胁迫,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长.     

铅胁迫对薏苡种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

研究了铅胁迫对薏苡种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。采用不同浓度的硝酸铅处理薏苡种子和幼苗,记录薏苡种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,并在幼苗生长期检测叶片相关生理指标。结果表明,铅胁迫抑制幼苗生长和活力指数,中高浓度(30~60 mg·L^-1)硝酸铅能够明显抑制种子萌发。铅胁迫下抑制幼苗叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素合成,其中类胡萝卜素对铅胁迫更加敏感。随着硝酸铅浓度的升高,幼苗叶片中MDA、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量呈明显上升趋势;中低浓度(15 mg·L^-1和30 mg·L^-1)硝酸铅对SOD酶活性具有微弱促进作用,40 mg·L^-1和60 mg·L^-1硝酸铅对SOD酶活性具有明显抑制作用。研究表明,铅胁迫抑制薏苡种子萌发和幼苗生长,薏苡幼苗通过多种生理途径抵御铅胁迫。     

镉对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了防止重金属毒害的发生和在环境监测中对重金属的评价,以小麦为试验对象,采用室内培养方法,研究了不同浓度镉胁迫对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长、丙二醛及抗氧化酶系统的影响,结果表明,较低浓度镉胁迫对种子发芽率、发芽势、芽生长的抑制效应较小.随着镉胁迫浓度的提高,发芽指数、活力指数及根生长明显受抑制,且镉胁迫浓度越大,抑制作用越大.随着镉浓度的增加,幼苗根、芽中的MDA含量、G-POD明显增加,SOD活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中根的SOD活性在1 000 μmol/L Cd胁迫下略低于对照,而CAT、APX活性总体呈下降趋势,且浓度越高下降幅度越大,表明遭受了氧化胁迫和膜脂过氧化损伤,这可能是镉胁迫下小麦幼苗根生长受阻的重要原因.     

外源ZnCl2对成县迟蒜盐胁迫响应研究

用不同浓度的ZnCl2对盐胁迫下成县迟蒜鳞茎种子进行处理,对大蒜鳞茎种子萌发、幼苗生长和幼苗中渗透调节物质的含量及4种抗氧化酶活性进行了测定.结果表明,在单一NaCl胁迫下,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发和幼苗的生长受到严重抑制,添加不同浓度ZnCl2后,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发率和幼苗的耐盐性明显增强.添加浓度为10-5 mol/L时,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发率、萌发指数和芽长、根长、发根数以及幼苗鲜重、苗干重、根鲜重、根干重和根体积、抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性达到最大,可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量降到最低.因此,外源ZnCl2缓解NaCl胁迫对大蒜鳞茎种子萌发和幼苗伤害的最适浓度为10-5 mol/L.     

硝基苯胁迫对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

在试验水培条件下,研究不同浓度硝基苯对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明：硝基苯明显抑制水稻萌发过程中的根伸长生长,发芽率变化不明显;受硝基苯胁迫,水稻幼苗叶片叶绿素含量随硝基苯浓度增加而降低,过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量均随浓度的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,25 mg/L硝基苯处理时过氧化物酶活性及丙二醛含量为最大值.     

镉胁迫对小麦、玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探讨重金属镉对不同作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,于2018年3-5月,以小麦矮抗58和玉米提纯958为研究对象,利用光照培养箱进行培养,研究不同浓度镉胁迫下小麦、玉米种子的萌发及幼苗生长特征。结果表明:随镉胁迫浓度的增加,小麦种子的发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数均表现为先增加后降低,且在镉胁迫浓度为20 mg·L^-1和50 mg·L^-1时,发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数为最大;随镉胁迫浓度的增加,玉米种子发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数均表现出下降趋势,但各处理间均无显著差异(p>0.05)。小麦种子活力指数随镉胁迫浓度的增加逐渐降低,且在镉浓度为150 mg·L^-1和200 mg·L^-1时表现最为显著(p<0.05);玉米活力指数则随镉胁迫浓度的增加显著降低(p<0.05)。镉胁迫对小麦、玉米根长的抑制率均高于对芽长的抑制率,且不同浓度镉胁迫对小麦幼苗根长和苗长的抑制率低于玉米幼苗,当镉胁迫浓度高于100 mg·L^-1时,玉米幼苗的根长抑制率为100%。研究表明,小麦种子萌发对镉胁迫的响应为"低促高抑",而镉胁迫对玉米种子的萌发影响不显著;小麦、玉米幼苗生长均受镉胁迫的显著抑制,且玉米幼苗受镉胁迫的抑制作用较强。     

盐胁迫下5-磺基水杨酸、水杨酸对小黑麦种子生理特性的影响

采用种子萌发试验,研究了5-磺基水杨酸、水杨酸对盐胁迫下小黑麦种子萌发及幼苗生长情况的影响.结果表明:在盐胁迫下,适当浓度的两种酚酸均能提高小黑麦种子萌发的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,浓度增高则抑制种子萌发.适当浓度的两种酚酸还能降低幼苗叶片电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量、提高叶绿素含量.总的看来,5-磺基水杨酸的效果比水杨酸好,且低浓度的效果比高浓度的好.     

外源添加苯甲酸对紫苏种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

为探究外源苯甲酸胁迫对紫苏种子萌发、幼苗生长及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响,添加苯甲酸对紫苏种子进行培养皿滤纸培养和室内盆栽实验,设置0、1、1.5、2、2.5、3 mmol/L 6个梯度处理,研究不同浓度苯甲酸胁迫对紫苏种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、紫苏幼苗生长以及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着苯甲酸浓度的增加,紫苏种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数总体表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制;紫苏幼苗的根重、胚根长、胚轴长和株鲜重均呈显著下降趋势,幼苗叶片过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶活性呈先升高后下降趋势,在1.5 mmol/L达到最大。外源添加苯甲酸对紫苏种子萌发与苯甲酸浓度有关（低浓度促进高浓度抑制）,对紫苏幼苗的生长具有抑制作用,证实了苯甲酸对紫苏的生长存在自毒作用。     

铬对玉米和黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗早期生长的影响

采用室内水培方法研究不同浓度重金属铬对玉米和黄瓜籽粒萌发、幼苗生长及叶片叶绿素含量的影响,并比较了玉米和黄瓜对铬耐受性的差异.结果表明:玉米和黄瓜发芽势、发芽率、胁迫率、活力指数和幼苗的芽长、根长、芽重、根重、叶绿素含量在低铬浓度(0.5、1、5 m/L)下呈上升趋势,当铬浓度达到10mg/L时,玉米和黄瓜种子发芽率下降,幼苗生长受到抑制,且对根的抑制作用比芽明显.玉米在铬浓度为5 mg/L时毒害已发生,活力指数下降较缓慢;而黄瓜在铬浓度为10mg/L时才发生毒害,且活力指数下降较快,玉米较黄瓜表现出一定的耐受力.0.5 mg/L的铬浓度处理,玉米幼苗的早期生长最为明显,而促进黄瓜幼苗生长最为明显的铬浓度为1 mg/L.低浓度的铬使玉米和黄瓜的叶绿素a、b含量均呈上升趋势.当铬浓度达到20mg/L时,玉米和黄瓜的叶绿素含量开始下降直至减半,且叶绿素a比叶绿素b含量下降快.     

外源NO对铅胁迫下水果黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

探讨水果黄瓜幼苗对铅胁迫的响应机制,为揭示水果黄瓜抗铅性提供理论依据。在200 mg/L硝酸铅胁迫下,研究了不同浓度的(50,100,300,500μmol/L)外源一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)对水果黄瓜种子萌发以及幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及叶绿素相对含量的影响。结果表明,200 mg/L的硝酸铅对水果黄瓜种子的萌发起到显著的抑制作用,并使可溶性蛋白与丙二醛的含量升高,POD、CAT活性以及叶绿素相对含量显著降低;加入硝普钠(SNP,NO供体)对水果黄瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数有明显的促进作用,同时降低了丙二醛的含量,增加POD、CAT、SOD活性以及叶绿素相对含量和可溶性蛋白质含量。外源NO能显著促进Pb2+胁迫下水果黄瓜种子萌发,增强细胞的渗透调节能力,提高保护酶活性,明显缓解幼苗叶片受到的氧化损伤,其中以100μmol/L SNP处理的效果最好。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.