草甘膦对草地早熟禾愈伤组织生长及生理指标的影响

以草地早熟禾午夜Ⅱ号愈伤组织为试验材料,采用间接接种的方法在草甘膦浓度为0、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08和0.10mmol/L的MS培养基上继代培养。20d后对愈伤组织进行存活率、相对生长率、褐化情况、电导率、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶(SOD,POD和CAT)活性的测定。结果表明:愈伤组织的存活率随草甘膦浓度的增大而逐渐下降,相对生长率呈先上升后下降的趋势。电导率、游离脯氨酸含量及SOD,POD和CAT活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,临界点处的草甘膦浓度为0.04mmol/L。丙二醛和可溶性蛋白的临界点草甘膦浓度是0.06mmol/L。说明草地早熟禾午夜Ⅱ号愈伤组织可耐受较小浓度的草甘膦(0.04mmol/L)。     

草地早熟禾对镉胁迫的反应及积累特性

采用盆栽的方法研究草地早熟禾对镉(Cd)胁迫的反应及积累特性。结果表明,Cd浓度小于1mg/kg时对草地早熟禾生长影响不大,大于5mg/kg时抑制草地早熟禾生长,Cd浓度小于5mg/kg时草地早熟禾的绿期延长。随着Cd浓度增大,草地早熟禾根系活力、叶绿素含量和含水量逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,细胞膜透性逐渐升高。Cd在草地早熟禾体内的分布为根系>地上部分,随着Cd浓度增大,草地早熟禾根系和地上部分Cd含量逐渐升高,富集系数和转运系数逐渐降低;Cd浓度为20mg/kg时草地早熟禾中Cd积累量最大,为3.98mg/m2。综合分析草地早熟禾的生长、生态、生理变化及富集能力表明,草地早熟禾适用于浓度小于1mg/kg的Cd污染土壤的修复。     

外源NO对镉胁迫下草地早熟禾幼苗根系生长及生理的影响

为了探究外源NO对镉胁迫下草地早熟禾幼苗生理特性的影响,以草地早熟禾品种午夜(Poa pratensis cv.Midnight)为试验材料,研究在1 000μmol/L的镉胁迫下, 50μmol/L的外源NO对镉胁迫的缓解效应,试验共设置4个处理CK(蒸馏水)、Cd、NO、Cd+NO。NO供体硝普钠(SNP)采用叶面喷施,Cd处理采用根部施入,测定NO对草地早熟禾幼苗叶片相对含水量、丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量、抗氧化酶活性及根系总根长、根表面积、根尖数、分支数、交叉数的影响。结果表明:Cd胁迫可降低早熟禾相对含水量,抗氧化酶活性,增加MDA和脯氨酸的积累,抑制根系生长;Cd胁迫下添加NO可增加草地早熟禾叶片相对含水量,提高抗氧化酶活性,减少MDA和游离脯氨酸的累积,增加总根长、总根表面积、根尖数、分支数、交叉数。试验表明1000μmol/L的镉胁迫可加重草地早熟禾氧化损伤,抑制草地早熟禾幼苗生长,施加50μmol/L NO可提高抗氧化酶活性,降低游离脯氨酸的累积和促进根系生长,缓解镉胁迫对草地早熟禾的生长抑制。     

草地早熟禾对铅的胁迫反应及积累特性

通过盆栽试验研究了铅(Pb)胁迫下草地早熟禾的生长状况、生态效益、生理特性及吸收和富集Pb的能力。结果表明:Pb浓度为50mg.kg-1时对草地早熟禾生长影响不大,大于100mg.kg-1时抑制草地早熟禾生长;Pb浓度为1000mg.kg-1时草地早熟禾未能成坪。随着Pb浓度的增大,草地早熟禾根系活力、叶绿素含量和含水量逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,细胞膜透性逐渐升高。Pb在草地早熟禾体内分布为根系>地上部分,随着Pb浓度的增大草地早熟禾根系和地上部分Pb含量逐渐升高,富集系数和转运系数逐渐降低;Pb浓度为500mg.kg-1时草地早熟禾对Pb的积累量最大,为10.99mg.m-2。综合分析生长、生态、生理变化及富集Pb的能力,草地早熟禾适用于浓度为50mg.kg-1的Pb污染土壤的修复。     

镉、铅胁迫对草地早熟禾幼苗生理的影响

本试验采用盆栽的方法,研究了土壤镉铅复合胁迫对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明,不同Cd2+胁迫显著(P0.05)影响了草地早熟禾幼苗叶片的细胞膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸和叶绿素的含量,浓度为80mg·kg-1的Cd2+处理组叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量显著(P0.05)高于40mg·kg-1的Cd2+处理组,而叶绿素含量显著低于40mg·kg-1的Cd2+处理组。Pb2+胁迫显著(P0.05)影响了草地早熟禾幼苗叶片的脯氨酸含量、处理后20和30d的叶片膜透性、处理后10和20d的丙二醛含量,浓度为1 000mg·kg-1的Pb2+处理组的叶片膜透性、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量显著(P0.05)高于600 mg·kg-1的Pb2+处理组。不同Cd2+水平和Pb2+水平对处理后30d的叶片丙二醛含量,处理后20和30d的脯氨酸含量有显著(P0.05)的交互作用。随着重金属处理时间的延长,叶绿素含量呈先升后降的趋势,叶片的膜透性、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量呈上升趋势。     

盐胁迫对菘蓝幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响

以“定蓝1号”为试验材料,采用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0,30,60,90,120和150 mmol·L^-1)对菘蓝幼苗进行处理,胁迫14 d后测定了其生长指标、生物量积累、叶片相对含水量、根系活力、根质膜透性、渗透调节物质含量以及抗氧化酶活性等指标,分析不同程度盐胁迫对菘蓝幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫对菘蓝幼苗株高和根长都有抑制作用,对根和叶的物质积累也有显著影响,并随浓度的递增呈降低的趋势;菘蓝幼苗叶片相对含水量和根系活力均随NaCl浓度的增加呈现下降趋势,而根质膜透性、叶片脯氨酸含量则呈升高趋势;丙二醛(MDA)含量、组织自动氧化速率(RAD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性都随NaCl浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。但当NaCl浓度低于90 mmol·L^-1时,菘蓝幼苗的生长没有受到盐胁迫的明显抑制,根系活力降低不明显,脯氨酸、丙二醛含量和保护酶活性也未显著升高,说明菘蓝幼苗对低浓度盐环境具有一定的耐受性。     

钾素增强干旱胁迫下草地早熟禾生理耐性的机制

采用不同程度的水分胁迫与5个不同钾素水平进行交互处理,以草地早熟禾品种Merit为试材,研究钾对水分胁迫下草地早熟禾生理特性及草坪质量的影响。结果表明:同一钾素浓度下,水分胁迫显著(P0.05)降低草地早熟禾草坪质量、叶绿素含量、根系活力、抗氧化酶活性,显著(P0.05)增加草地早熟禾电导率及丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量。同一水分条件下,随着钾素浓度的增加,草地早熟禾草坪质量、叶绿素含量、根系活力、脯氨酸含量、抗氧化酶活性先升高后降低,电导率、丙二醛含量先降低后升高,可溶性糖含量不断升高。在重度水分胁迫下,与0mmol/L钾处理相比,9mmol/L钾处理下Merit的POD、SOD、CAT活性分别上升了68%、35%、65%,对于缓解干旱、提高草坪耐受性和坪用质量效果最好。     

草地早熟禾不同品种抗旱性的评价分析

通过连续干旱胁迫下测定6个早熟禾(Poa Pratensis)品种叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)含量及可溶性蛋白含量等指标,鉴定分析了其抗旱性能。结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,6个品种的RWC、Chl呈下降趋势;MDA含量、Pro含量、POD含量及可溶性蛋白含量呈上升趋势。通过隶属函数综合分析,6个草地早熟禾品种抗旱能力大小顺序为黑宝新歌来得月光午夜Ⅱ号奖品橄榄球Ⅱ号。     

脱落酸对3个野生草地早熟禾种质高温胁迫的缓解效应

以甘肃境内采集的3个野生草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)为材料,研究了脱落酸(ABA)对高温胁迫下野生草地早熟禾幼苗生理特性的影响,以期为ABA提高草地早熟禾耐热性提供依据.结果表明,在0 ~30 mg·L^-1 浓度范围内,随ABA浓度的增大,3个材料叶片相对膜透性先降低后增大,可溶性糖(SS)含量、叶片含水量先增加后下降,游离脯氨酸(F-pro)含量逐渐增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先增强后减弱,过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐增强,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐降低.综合各项生理指标的变化,ABA浓度20 mg·L^-1野生草地早熟禾叶片渗透调节物质积累最多,膜受到的伤害最小,保护酶系统活性最强, 对野生草地早熟禾高温胁迫的缓解效果最佳.3个材料各生理指标最适浓度20mg·L^-1处理与对照相比,耐热性强的材料草地早熟禾(清水)SS、 F-pro含量和CAT活性增幅最大,MDA含量降幅最大,抗高温伤害能力增效最显著.     

外源硅对NaHCO_3胁迫下草地早熟禾萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为了研究在NaHCO_3胁迫下外源硅对草地早熟禾种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响,以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)‘巴润’品种为试验材料,分析在NaHCO_3(50 mmol/L)胁迫下施加不同浓度外源硅(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mmol/L)对种子萌发以及幼苗形态及生理指标的影响。结果表明:在NaHCO_3胁迫下,施加1.5 mmol/L硅,能显著提高草地早熟禾种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚苗长及胚根长。此外,在该浓度下幼苗的株高增加值、相对含水量、可溶性糖及脯氨酸(Pro)含量达到峰值,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最高,丙二醛(MDA)含量最低。分析表明,添加1.5 mmol/L浓度的外源硅能有效缓解NaHCO_3胁迫对草地早熟禾种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,增强幼苗在NaHCO_3胁迫下的抗性。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.