抗马链球菌马亚种组方加味优选及其体内抑菌作用研究

【目的】筛选可抑制马腺疫主要致病菌——马链球菌马亚种的最优中药组方,为临床马腺疫的防治提供参考。【方法】选用赤芍、大黄、山豆根等27种中药,首先通过体外抑菌试验(牛津杯法、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)、联合药敏试验)结合L₈(2⁶)正交试验初步筛选抗马链球菌马亚种中药组方的最佳优选因素,再通过L₁₈(3⁶)正交试验进一步筛选基础组方最佳配比;最后在基础组方的基础上,根据中兽医方剂配伍理论,添加黄芪和当归2味补虚药,通过马腺疫小鼠模型体内抑菌试验筛选加味组方配比,结合组方保护率结果及组织脏器病理变化验证加味组方的体内抑菌作用。【结果】试验筛选出了马链球菌马亚种超敏和高敏的7味中药：浙贝母、赤芍、甘草、大黄、雪白睡莲、山豆根和苦参。大黄、雪白睡莲、山豆根、甘草、苦参和浙贝母的MIC分别为0.078、0.078、0.125、0.156、0.156和0.250 mg/mL。雪白睡莲、赤芍、山豆根、甘草、大黄、苦参和浙贝母的MBC分别为0.078、0.125、0.125、0.156、0.15...     

Apparition of Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides in the intestine of the newborn delivered by cesarian section

Anaerobic flora plays a key role in preventing intestinal colonization with potential pathogens. Nowadays, the mechanisms involved in the colonization resistance provided by the anaerobic microflora are to be clarified. Numerous factors seem to intervene in the regulation of the intestinal flora.

The purpose of the present study was to correlate the presence or relative absence of Clostridium sp. and Bacteroides with the colonization by C. perfringens, which is involved in lethal infections in an immunologically compromised host.

The intestinal bacterial colonization of 20 newborns delivered by cesarian section was assessed sequentially over the first 14 days of life. C. perifringens is a strongly reducing microorganism and undoubtedly causes a decrease in the oxidoreduction potential of the newborn feces favouring the subsequent colonization by other putrefactive bacteria. C. perfringens seems to be the precursor for installation of putrefactive bacteria, as Bacteroides and other Clostridium sp.     

马泰勒虫和驽巴贝斯虫半胱氨酸蛋白酶截短基因的克隆表达及其生物信息学分析

旨在克隆、表达马泰勒虫（Theileria equi）和驽巴贝斯虫（Babesia caballi）半胱氨酸蛋白酶（cystein protease,CP）基因,并对其进行生物信息学预测和分析。提取马泰勒虫和驽巴贝斯虫的DNA,以此为模板扩增目的基因。利用克隆技术和原核表达系统克隆表达CP,用尿素透析法进行纯化。通过Dot blot验证其与相应阳性血清特异性反应。应用MAGA软件和Prot Param、TMHMM、SignalP-5.0、Antibody Epitope Prediction、SYFPEITHⅡ、ProPred及EzMol^2.1等在线分析软件分析T.equi-CP和B.caballi-CP的基因及其蛋白序列。成功构建了重组质粒GST-T.equi-CP和GST-B.caballi-CP,经SDS-PAGE试验结果显示该基因表达的蛋白以包涵体形式高效表达,并能与相应阳性血清特异性反应。对T.equi-CP和B.caballi-CP基因编码蛋白进行系统发育分析发现,与其他原虫物种相比,系统发育分析结果与其原生动物学分类结果一致。经生物信息学分析预测显示,两个CP蛋白为亲水性蛋白,无跨膜区,不属于跨膜蛋白,无Th细胞表位,在细胞质、线粒体和细胞核中定位较多。其中T.equi-CP蛋白的相对分子质量为29 948.60,等电点为5.53,稳定系数为22.50。B.caballi-CP蛋白的相对分子质量为14 603.62,等电点为8.54,稳定系数为47.69,有信号肽区域。T.equi-CP和B.caballi-CP蛋白具有良好的反应原性,作为亲水性膜外蛋白,无Th细胞表位,在细胞质、线粒体和细胞核中定位较多等,可能说明CP在马梨形虫逃避宿主免疫反应,参与增殖、分化及程序性细胞死亡等发挥作用。本研究为T.equi-CP和B.caballi-CP蛋白的功能研究与马梨形虫的致病机制研究提供了理论依据。     

TLRs介导的信号通路在马链球菌感染RAW264.7细胞中的作用

为探究Toll样受体(TLRs)介导的信号通路在马链球菌马亚种(S.equi)感染小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中的作用,收集S.equi感染后不同时间点的RAW264.7细胞,提取总RNA并反转录成cDNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测细胞Toll样受体1、2、6(TLR1、TLR2、TLR6)、接头蛋白骨髓分化蛋白88(MyD88)及细胞因子IL-1、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、TNF-αmRNA的表达情况。结果显示,S.equi感染RAW264.7细胞后6h时,TLR1、TLR2、TLR6与MyD88mRNA水平均较对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05);感染后12h时,TLR1、TLR2和TLR6mRNA表达量未出现明显上升(P>0.05),而MyD88mRNA水平极显著升高(P<0.01);感染后24h时,TLR1、TLR2和TLR6mRNA表达水平出现极显著升高(P<0.01),MyD88mRNA表达没有显著变化(P>0.05),且IL-10和IL-12mRNA水平与对照组相比极显著升高(P<0.01),IL-1、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA水平均极显著下降(P<0.01)。结果表明,TLRs介导的信号通路参与S.equi感染RAW264.7细胞的免疫应答反应。     

Prokaryotic Expression of the Cysteine Proteinase Gene of Xinjiang Strain of Theileria equi/Babesia caballi and Its Bioinformatics Analysis

This study aimed to clone and express cysteine proteinase (CP) gene of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. The CP proteins were analyzed using bioinformatics tools and online databases. The total DNA of T. equi and B. caballi as the template sequence for PCR. The CP genes were cloned, expressed using the cloning technique and prokaryotic expression system, respectively. Then the recombinant CP (rCP) proteins were purified by Urea dialysis. Finally the specific reaction of polyclonal horse anti-CP serum with rCPs was analyzed through Dot blot method. The CPs were predicted and analyzed by the software MAGA, Prot Param, TMHMM, SignalP-5.0, Antibody Epitope Prediction, SYFPEITHⅡ, ProPred and EzMol^2.1 respectively. The CP genes were successfully amplified from DNA of T. equi and B. caballi and expressed in the inclusion body fractions, Dot blot assay indicated that the recombinant protein could react with polyclonal horse anti - CP serum. Compared with T. equi-CP and B. caballi-CP, different protozoon CP genes were highly conserved in evolution, and phylogenetic analysis results were consistent with their protozoon taxonomy. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that two CPs are the hydrophilic protein instead of a transmembrane one, no transmembrane domain, no Th cell epitope was found, and more localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nuclei. The relative molecular weight (MW) of T. equi-CP was 29 948.60, the theoretical isoelectric point (pI) was 5.53, stability coefficient was 22.50; B. caballi-CP’MW was 14 603.62, the theoretical pI was 8.54, stability coefficient was 47.69, but signal peptide was contained. The CPs have good reactionogenicity, as the hydrophilic extracellular proteins with no Th cell epitope, and more localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nuclei, which helped T. equi and B. caballi avoid host immune response outside the cell membrane and the CPs involved in proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death. In conclusion, a theoretical basis was provided for the study on CP’s functions and the pathogenesis of T. equi and B. caballi.     

新疆地区2株驴源马流产沙门菌的分离鉴定及致病性分析

【目的】研究确定导致新疆地区2个规模化驴场出现流产的疑似病原沙门菌,并探究其致病能力和耐药性情况。【方法】通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化试验对分离菌进行了鉴定,并对分离菌的鞭毛基因FliC进行了PCR扩增及序列分析,通过致病性测定、荷菌量检测及病理组织学观察,鉴定和分析了分离菌的致病性,并通过药敏试验分析其耐药性。【结果】通过细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化试验,确定分离到的2株细菌均为马流产沙门菌,分别命名为G1-1和XD1-2。对这2个分离株的鞭毛基因FliC的遗传进化分析结果显示,2株分离菌FliC氨基酸序列之间的相似性为99.0%,2株分离菌FliC氨基酸序列与爱尔兰马源马流产沙门菌分离株Ireland-HE801373、Ireland-HE801378株相似性均最高,且均为99.3%;分离株G1-1与爱尔兰马源马流产沙门菌分离株Ireland-HE801373和Ireland-HE801378及国内马源马流产沙门菌分离株China-KJ486797.1和China-KJ486769.1亲缘关系较近,分离株XD1-2则与美国肠炎沙门菌分离株USA-EBQ1214032.1亲缘...     

Investigation of Molecular Etiology of Theileria equi Infection in Three Herds

To explore the prevalence of Theileria equi (T.equi) infection in horse in Guizhou province, the antibody level and 18S rRNA gene were detected from blood samples of Guizhou pony, Southwest horse and Yili horse using competitive ELISA and PCR methods.Giemsa-stained blood smear was prepared to observe T.equi in red blood cells.Intact protozoans of T.equi were observed in red blood cells of horses at Giemsa-stained slide smears with a detection rate of 12.5%.The 18S rRNA gene fragment of T.equi was detected in Guizhou pony, Southwest horse and Yili horse, and the consistent rates with the known nucleotide sequence were 97% to 100%.The PCR result indicated that the positive rates of T.equi in Guizhou pony (76.62%) and Yili horse (73.81%) were similar, which were higher than that in Southwest horse (33.33%).Furthermore, the antibody levels against T.equi in Guizhou pony (24.68%) and Southwest horse (12.12%) were lower than that in Yili horse (31.71%).A weak correlation between the antibody level and the blood physicochemical indexes was calculated from Guizhou pony and Southwest horse, including weak positive correlations with neutrophils numbers, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase levels, and weak negative correlations with the numbers of red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet and lymphocyte and contents of hemoglobin.It suggested that a higher proportion of T.equi infection present in three herds.     

3个马群感染马泰勒虫的分子病原学调查

试验采用显微镜观察、PCR和竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验(competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,cELISA)等方法对贵州矮马、西南马和伊犁马的马泰勒虫病的感染状况进行研究。结果显示,从32份新鲜的血液涂片中,观察到形态完整的马泰勒虫(Theileria equi)虫体,检出率12.5%。从贵州矮马、西南马及伊犁马3个马群血液总DNA中都检测到马泰勒虫的18S rRNA基因片段,与已知序列的同源性为97%~100%;相比之下,贵州矮马与伊犁马的阳性率相近,分别为76.62%和73.81%,西南马较低,仅为33.33%。另外,经cELISA检测,与伊犁马(31.71%)相比,贵州矮马和西南马血液中抗马泰勒虫抗体的阳性率较低,分别为24.68%和12.12%,并与两个马群的血液理化指标存在一定的联系:与中性细胞数量、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和肌酸激酶的含量呈弱正相关;与红细胞、白细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞数量及血红蛋白含量呈弱负相关。这些研究结果提示3个马群中均存在较高比例的马泰勒虫感染。     

Granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of slaughter pigs bacteriologically negative for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and positive for Rhodococcus equi

The prevalence of granulomatous lesions in lymph nodes of pigs was studied. From January till August 2004 in two slaughterhouses in The Netherlands 2,116,536 pigs were examined for the presence of granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes. In 15,900 (0.75%) of these pigs, lesions could be detected. Nine farms with the highest incidence of lesions were selected for a more detailed pathological and bacteriological examination. On these farms, the prevalence of lesions in sub-maxillary lymph nodes ranged from 2.3 to 5.7% with a mean of 3.0%. From 1276 pigs that were sampled, 98 (7.7%) displayed granulomatous lesions in the sub-maxillary lymph nodes and one (0.1%) pig showed lesions in its mesenteric lymph node. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) could not be isolated from the lymph nodes of the 99 pigs with lesions and from a selection of lymph nodes (n = 61) of pigs without lesions. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 44 out of 98 (44.9%) of the sub-maxillary lymph nodes with granulomatous lesions and from two mesenteric lymph nodes without lesions. A comparison of former studies and the current results indicate that the prevalence of MAA infections in slaughter pigs has strongly decreased over the last decade, whereas R. equi is highly prevalent. The high incidence of granulomatous lesions associated with the bacteriological presence of R. equi could be considered as a serious cause of misdiagnosis of MAA infections in cases where meat inspection is carried out by inspection for granulomatous changes of lymph nodes only.     

Isoenzyme patterns of phosphatases and esterases in Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A study was made of alkaline and acid phosphatase isoenzymes and non-specific esterases in homogenates of the trematodes Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum obtained from infected tissues of Capra hircus and Ovis aries using horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The esterase patterns in F. hepatica and D. dendriticum were different. Homogenate of F. hepaticafrom both hosts gave four enzyme bands. For D. dendriticum, however, while homogenates of parasites from C. hircus also gave four bands, those of O. aries gave only three bands.

Acid and alkaline phosphatases in homogenates of both parasites showed three enzyme bands, but there was a host species difference betwen the enzyme patterns of specimens collected from C. hircus versus O. aries.     

补喂鞣花酸对哺乳期马驹寄生虫感染情况的影响

【目的】研究补喂鞣花酸对哺乳期纯血马马驹肠道寄生虫感染情况的影响，揭示鞣花酸在马属动物消化道寄生虫防治方面的作用，为新型驱虫药物的筛选提供参考依据。【方法】选择平均体重（143.33±16.10） kg、出生日期（±5 d）、寄生虫感染率相近的哺乳期纯血马马驹15匹，随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组，每组5匹。在相同的饲养条件下，对照组马驹不做任何处理，试验Ⅰ组马驹每天补喂15 mg/kg BW鞣花酸，试验Ⅱ组补喂30 mg/kg BW鞣花酸，试验期60 d，分别在试验的第0、15、30、45、60天采集马驹粪便样品，检测各组虫卵种类，统计虫卵数量，并评价驱虫效果。【结果】哺乳纯血马驹感染率高的寄生虫有10种，其中感染率最高的寄生虫是马副蛔虫、马圆线虫及细颈三齿线虫。随着鞣花酸补喂时间的延长及剂量的增加，寄生虫的感染率呈降低趋势，细颈三齿线虫卵、马圆线虫卵、马副蛔虫卵和韦氏类圆线虫卵的排出量显著降低（P<0.05）。补喂鞣花酸后第60天试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组虫卵总数比对照组分别降低66.59%和97.06%；试验Ⅰ组第30和60天虫卵减少率分别为30.10%和42.97%；试验Ⅱ组第30和60天虫卵减少率分别为37.51%和49.86%。【结论】在本试验条件下，给哺乳马驹补喂鞣花酸能够显著降低寄生虫的感染及粪便中细颈三齿线虫卵、马圆线虫卵、马副蛔虫卵和韦氏类圆线虫卵的排出量，且补喂剂量为30 mg/kg BW效果更佳。     

Parameter estimation and simulations of a mathematical model of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis transmission in sheep

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is an infectious disease of sheep caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It is prevalent in most sheep producing countries and was introduced into the UK sheep population in 1991. The pathogen invades the host through epithelium and forms an abscess in the local draining lymph node. Typically, disease presents as clinical, with overt (externally visible) swollen lymph nodes (the parotid, submandibular, prefemoral, prescapular, popliteal or mammary) or sub-clinical, with abscesses in the lungs and associated thoracic (bronchial and mediastinal) lymph nodes.

We present a mathematical model in which disease is categorised as overt and/or respiratory (sub-clinical), using the above groupings. In both situations sheep may be infected and may or may not be infectious. In the model, overt abscesses may resolve and respiratory abscesses are considered to be present for life. Using the location of the abscesses, three routes of transmission are postulated: overt to overt, respiratory to overt and respiratory to respiratory. Data from four naturally infected flocks were used to describe populations of sheep with epidemic CLA and to estimate transmission coefficients for each of the postulated transmission routes. The infection process parameters were derived from literature where possible. Parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood methods and compared to the data using a multinomial distribution.

The distribution of abscesses in the flocks was similar to endemic data reported in other studies. In the model most infected sheep developed abscesses, and approximately 36% of sheep with overt abscesses recovered from infection. The average time for respiratory abscesses to become infectious was 41 days. In these data, overt to overt transmission was the most frequent route of transmission since it had the highest coefficient in the model compared with respiratory to overt and respiratory to respiratory transmission. Transmission coefficients specific for each flock significantly (P < 0.05) improved the model fit to the data.

In simulations using values of best-fitting parameter combinations, the proportion of sheep infected was between 0.39 and 0.60 at equilibrium. This is the first mathematical model of C. pseudotuberculosis infection, the parameter estimates indicate that aspects of the infection process could be utilised to design control strategies.     

8味中草药水提物对马红球菌的体外抑菌和杀菌效果研究

[目的] 筛选对马红球菌（Rhodococcus equi,R. equi）具有抑菌和杀菌效果的中草药。[方法] 选择黄连、黄芩、大青叶、鱼腥草、黄柏、连翘、金银花及板蓝根共8味中草药制备单味水提物,采用微量肉汤稀释法及平板涂布法测定中草药水提物对R. equi参考菌株103S及临床分离株的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。[结果] 不同中草药水提物对R. equi的抑菌及杀菌效果不同,其中,黄连、黄柏和连翘单独用药杀菌及抑菌效果显著（P<0.05）强于其他中草药水提物;黄连、黄柏和连翘不同组合联合用药对R. equi的抑菌及杀菌效果均优于单独用药,其中,“黄连+连翘”联用后药效呈相加作用。[结论] 黄连等中草药对R. equi表现出抑菌及杀菌效果,且联合用药效果优于单独用药,提示这些中草药制剂有望作为抗R. equi乃至其他耐药病原微生物感染的有效治疗药物。     

酵母多糖对空肠弯曲菌感染獭兔生产性能、载菌量和抗菌肽表达的影响

试验旨在研究酵母多糖对空肠弯曲菌感染獭兔生产性能、载菌量、盲肠和皮肤抗菌肽的影响。选取断奶獭兔180只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他4组空肠弯曲菌感染,并于基础日粮中分别添加0、200、400、600 mg/kg酵母多糖。饲养试验起始日诱导空肠弯曲菌感染,饲养试验持续35 d。结果显示,空肠弯曲菌感染降低了獭兔结束体重、日增重和日采食量,提高了料重比（P < 0.05）,添加酵母多糖改善了这些指标（P < 0.05）,且日增重和料重比达到了对照组水平。酵母多糖降低了獭兔盲肠食糜、皮肤、肝脏、脾脏的空肠弯曲菌载菌量（P < 0.05）。空肠弯曲菌感染诱导内源性抗菌肽的Cathelicidin、Galectin-3和LEAP2基因表达量显著上调（P < 0.05）,对DEFA4基因无显著影响,而添加酵母多糖对基因表达量具有进一步上调作用（P < 0.05）。酵母多糖添加剂量与结束体重、日增重呈现线性和平方效应关系（P<0.05）;与皮肤、肝脏和脾脏载菌量呈现线性效应（P<0.05）;与盲肠和皮肤抗菌肽Cathelicidin和Galectin-3基因表达水平呈现线性效应（P<0.05）;与盲肠抗菌肽Galectin-3、LEAP2和DEFA4基因呈现平方效应（P<0.05）。表明日粮添加酵母多糖可以降低空肠弯曲菌感染獭兔组织载菌量,提高内源抗菌肽活性,不影响獭兔生产性能。     

穴盘规格对5种苔草属植物育苗的影响

穴盘育苗是苔草繁育的重要技术环节。为加快苔草的繁育速度,采用不同规格穴盘播种以研究青绿苔草(Carex breviculmis)、涝峪苔草(C.giraldiana)、披针苔草(C.lanceolata)、矮丛苔草(C.humilis var.nana)、脚苔草(C.pediformis)的适宜播种穴盘孔数对5种苔草出苗和幼苗生长的影响。通过对各种苔草的开始发芽时间、持续发芽时间、发芽率和幼苗的株高、叶数、单株鲜重等生长指标的分析,结果表明,6月温室穴盘播种育苗,青绿苔草、涝峪苔草穴盘育苗128孔或105孔穴盘较为适宜;披针苔草穴盘育苗宜采用105孔穴盘;矮丛苔草、脚苔草穴盘育苗较适宜选择288孔穴盘。     

青绿苔草(Care breviculmis)愈伤组织诱导与再生体系的建立

为建立青绿苔草高效的再生体系,本研究以青绿苔草的种子为外植体,探究不同植物激素配比对愈伤组织诱导、愈伤分化和生根的影响。结果表明：MS+1.5 mg·L^-1 NAA+0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+2.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D为诱导愈伤的最佳培养基,诱导率可以达到68.3%,愈伤表现为松散的黄色颗粒;MS+1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA为最佳分化培养基,分化率为93.8%,不定芽数量达到40个,长势良好;不定芽在1/2 MS培养基中生根效果最好,其根长、株高和生根数量均显著高于其他处理。本研究建立了高效的青绿苔草再生体系,为研究青绿苔草的遗传转化及应用生物技术育种奠定了基础。     

关中奶山羊源D型产气荚膜梭菌全基因组序列测定及其分子特征分析

本研究自陕西省富平县某规模化关中奶山羊养殖场腹泻奶山羊肛门拭子中分离到5株产气荚膜梭菌,命名为21-D-1~21-D-5。毒素基因检测表明,其均为携带etx的D型产气荚膜梭菌,且21-D-5携带食源性致病毒素基因cpe。全基因组序列测定显示,5株D型产气荚膜梭菌基因组大小、GC含量和基因数量稳定;单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）分析显示,21-D-1和21-D-2以及21-D-3和21-D-4之间的SNPs差异极低（<25）,表明其大概率属于相同的产气荚膜梭菌菌株。分离的D型产气荚膜梭菌基因组中共检测到15种毒素基因,其中,毒素基因etx在分离的D型菌株中高度保守、基因环境相似,且在菌株21-D-5中毒素基因cpe位于etx下游。此外,包括噁唑烷酮类耐药基因optrA在内的9种耐药基因也在分离株中被检测到,并且erm（A）、optrA和fexA具有共同传播的可能性。本研究为国内首次对D型产气荚膜梭菌进行全基因组序列测定分析,结果对产气荚膜梭菌疾病的防治和基因组的进一步研究具有参考价值。     

盐胁迫对青绿苔草生长及生理特性的影响

为探究青绿苔草(Carex leucochlora)对盐(NaCl)胁迫的生理适应机制,本试验以青绿苔草‘四季’为材料,采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度(0,50,100,200和300 mmol·L^-1)NaCl胁迫对其生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明：不同浓度NaCl胁迫对青绿苔草生长抑制作用不同。低浓度盐(50 mmol·L^-1)对青绿苔草生长影响不显著,但胁迫8 d以上,叶片相对电导率显著提高。高浓度盐(≥100 mmol·L^-1)显著抑制青绿苔草生长,随着盐浓度提高和胁迫时间的延长,青绿苔草叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量呈下降趋势;枯叶率、叶片相对电导率、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde, MDA)含量则呈升高趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)活性呈先升高后降低的趋势。根据主成分分析和生物量下降50%时盐浓度建立回归方程确定青绿苔草耐盐临界浓度为231.29 mmol·L^-1。综上,青绿苔草在低盐或短期高盐胁迫...     

水分胁迫对两种荒漠灌木幼苗生长与水分利用效率的影响

通过盆栽试验测定了不同水分胁迫下霸王和柠条幼苗的生长生理特性,长期水分利用效率(WUE_L)和叶片碳同位素组成(δ¹³C 值),并对各生长指标、δ¹³C 值与WUE_L进行了相关性分析。结果表明,1)重度水分胁迫显著降低霸王和柠条的总生物量、地上生物量、总叶面积、叶数;2)随水分胁迫程度增加,霸王和柠条的WUE_L与叶片δ¹³C值逐渐提高,且WUE_L与δ¹³C 值呈显著正相关(P<0.05);3)霸王和柠条的WUE_L与总叶面积、总叶数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与总生物量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);4)柠条的生物量和总叶面积显著小于霸王,但其根冠比较高,且在水分胁迫时,生物量、叶面积、叶数大幅度降低,对水分胁迫反应更敏感;5)同一水分梯度,柠条的WUE_L较低,但δ¹³C值相对较高。