安徽及周边地区枣种质资源遗传多样性研究

利用ISSR标记对32份安徽省地方枣种质资源及山东、河南等邻近省份的42份枣资源进行了遗传多样性分析。26条引物在74份种质中共扩增出241个位点,其中多态性位点214个,多态性比率为88.8%。利用NTSYS软件计算得到DICE相似系数为0.5936 ~ 0.9353;32份安徽地方种质共扩增出219条电泳谱带,其中186条为多态性条带,多态性比率为84.93%,32份样品遗传相似系数在0.6267 ~ 0.9353之间,表明安徽地方枣种质资源遗传多样性较为丰富。采用UPGMA法对74份种质的ISSR数据进行聚类分析,分析结果显示可分为8个类群,种质间亲缘关系与地理来源关系较为密切,来自安徽的地方种质基本上都独立聚成不同的类群,表明安徽地方枣种质与周边其它省份枣种质资源亲缘关系较远;研究结果表明体细胞突变可能是推动安徽地方枣种质进化的重要因素。     

甘肃42份枣种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术对甘肃省42份枣种质资源的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:筛选出8条引物共扩增出76条DNA谱带,其中多态性谱带70条,多态性位点比率92.0%;按照42份枣种质间的遗传距离构建UPGMA聚类图,42份枣种质被划分为4个大类、10个亚类,遗传多样性处于较高水平;从聚类结果看,原产自甘肃省的枣品种遗传背景相似,主要根据原产地进行聚类,目的性品种交换现象较少。另外,对6个未知身份的枣品种进行了初步鉴定。     

辣椒种质遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用11个RAPD随机引物对37份辣椒材料进行PCR扩增。共扩增出51条谱带,其中多态性条带36条,多态性检测率占70.6%,不同引物扩增的条带在3~7条不等。结果表明:通过聚类分析37份辣椒种质供分为5个类群,每类群的种质亲缘关系较近,但遗传关系与地域距离并无明显的相关性。     

野生和栽培桔梗种质遗传多样性的SRAP研究

采用SRAP分子标记技术,对8份野生和8份栽培桔梗种质资源进行遗传多样性研究,旨在为桔梗的遗传育种提供理论依据。结果表明:12对随机引物组合共扩增出109条谱带,平均每对引物组合扩增出9.1条谱带,其中扩增出80条多态性谱带,平均每对引物组合扩增出6.7条多态性谱带,多态率为73.4%,显示出了较高的多态性。试验中SRAP数据的遗传相似系数范围为0.56~0.88,并以遗传相似系数0.56为标准,将16份桔梗种质资源分为野生桔梗和栽培桔梗二大类群。     

芥菜种质资源的RAPD和ISSR分析

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对28份芥菜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,20个RAPD引物共扩增出162条清晰的谱带,其中140条显示多态性,平均每个引物扩增出7.0条多态性谱带.18个ISSR引物共扩增出143条清晰的谱带,其中多态性谱带124条,平均每个引物扩增出6.9条多态性谱带.基于RAPD和ISSR两种标记,利用UPGMA分别构建了28份芥菜资源的聚类树状图.结果表明,RAPD和ISSR分别聚类以及两种标记混合聚类均将28份芥菜种质分为3类:第Ⅰ类群中包括了15份种质;第Ⅱ类群中包括了9份种质;第Ⅲ类群中包括了4份种质.     

31份野生树莓资源的RAPD分析

用RAPD技术分析了31份野生树莓资源的亲缘关系,从100个A系列随机引物中选出了15个多态性高、分辨能力强的引物。将这15个引物应用于31份野生树莓材料,共扩增出182条谱带,其中170条为多态性标记(占93.41%),平均每个引物扩增多态性谱带12.13条,表明不同树莓资源基因型间存在着极为丰富的遗传多样性。基于RAPD的扩增结果建立UPGMA聚类分析树状图,31份野生树莓资源在遗传距离0.5100处被划分为4个类群。从分子水平研究了树莓属资源的亲缘关系,为树莓种质资源的保存和利用及其杂交亲本的选配提供了依据。     

中越金柑种质资源的ISSR分析

为了更好地利用和创新金柑种质资源,用ISSR分子标记技术分析了25份来自中越金柑属种质资源与金弹变异系的亲缘关系及特异性。从100条引物中筛选出10条多态性好、扩增清晰的引物。结果显示,10条引物共扩增出120条带,其中102条具有多态性,多态性带比率为85%。用UPGMA软件进行聚类分析,25份金柑种质资源的遗传相似...     

基于SSR标记的杜鹃品种亲缘关系分析

杜鹃野生种花色多样、种类丰富,在杜鹃杂交育种中具有良好的应用前景,有必要对杜鹃种质资源的亲缘关系进行研究。现以19份野生杜鹃品种为试材,采用SSR分子标记技术,研究了19份野生杜鹃品种间的亲缘关系,以期为合理挖掘和利用杜鹃种质资源提供理论基础,为杂交育种亲本选择提供科学依据。结果表明:10对SSR引物共扩增出138条谱带,其中多态性谱带134条,多态性比率为97.06%。遗传相似系数(GS)在0.502 7~0.918 0,平均值为0.678 9,表明19份杜鹃品种的亲缘关系较远、具有较广泛的遗传基础。当相似系数为0.70时,19份参试材料划分为五大类群,与经典分类学一致。     

十二份杧果种质亲缘关系的SRAP分析

以12份杧果种质为试材,利用SRAP分子标记技术对其进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明:从36对引物中筛选出22对多态性好的引物,共扩增出251条DNA条带,其中多态性谱带181条,平均每对引物扩增得到15.08条多态性谱带,多态性比率为72.11%。UPGMA聚类表明,所有供试品种(系)之间的亲缘关系都比较近,相似系数在0.77~0.89;如果以相似系数0.78为标准,可将供试的12个品种(系)分为3类。表明利用SRAP技术能较好的区分杧果的亲缘关系;SRAP分子标记适合杧果的DNA遗传多样性分析,可作为杧果种质鉴定依据之一。     

苦瓜种质资源ISSR遗传多态性分析

利用ISSR分子标记对30份苦瓜种质进行遗传多态性分析,从23个引物中筛选出13条重复性好,条带清晰的引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出79条带,其中58个为多态性条带,占总带数的73.4%,每个引物扩增的条带数为4~10条,平均6.07条。对ISSR结果进行聚类分析,结果表明,30份苦瓜种质间的遗传距离为0.025~0.520。在遗传距离为0.21处可将30份苦瓜种质划分成6个品种群,其亲缘关系与种质地理分布和植物学性状特征等有一定关联。     

适合我国南方地区栽培的枣优良品种亲缘关系研究

利用荧光AFLP分子标记技术,对适合我国南方地区栽培的26个枣优良品种亲缘关系进行研究。结果表明,8对引物共扩增得到886条带,其中多态性条带为817条,多态性比例达到了92.2%,体现了非常丰富的遗传多样性。系统聚类结果表明大部分来源于北方地区的鲜食品种聚为一类,彼此间亲缘关系较近;制干、兼用品种和南方本地品种表现出较近的亲缘关系。酥脆枣与孔府酥脆枣亲缘关系很近,而河南鸡蛋枣与湖南鸡蛋枣之间存在着较远的遗传距离。     

Genetic relatedness (diversity) and cultivar identification by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.)

Genetic relationship and variation of 29 accessions of teasle gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb.) and 1 accession of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. (wild relatives of teasle gourd) were examined by RAPD analysis using 44 dodecamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 496 fragments were produced by 44 primers of which 95% bands were polymorphic. Using presence or absence of specific RAPD markers or combination of primers, 23 out of 30 accessions were identified. The genetic relatedness or genetic distance based on Nei and Li's genetic similarity varied from 0.86 to 0.65 with an average of 0.74 among 29 M. dioica accessions (when M. cochinchinensis excluded). In the phenetic dendrogram developed from cluster analysis using UPGMA method, M. cochinchinensis was out grouped as single accession, while others showing relatively weak grouping formed four groups. Clustering pattern did not demonstrate any relationship between geographical origin and genetic diversity. A DNA extraction method has been standardized. This is the first report of using RAPD techniques in teasle gourd. It was concluded that RAPD analysis is a useful tool for genotypic identification and estimation of genetic similarity in teasle gourd.     

Development and characterization of SSR markers in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and its related species

In order to study the extensively genetic diversities of more than 700 cultivars of Chinese jujube, it is necessary to utilize various informative DNA markers. SSR markers are highly polymorphic, co-dominant, locus-specific markers widely used in genetic studies, but less used in Chinese jujube because of no specific primers available. In this study, we used the approach of selectively amplified microsatellite (SAM) to develop SSR markers for Chinese jujube and its related species. Three cultivars (Dongzao, Dalilongzao and Jinsixiaozao) were selected to perform the approach of SAM with CT repeats. There were totally 25 primers obtained, of which we selected 16 primers available to detect the polymorphism in populations of 24 Chinese jujube cultivars, two wild jujube varieties and two Indian jujube cultivars. Based on these primers, genetic relationships of the 28 samples were constructed in a dendrogram according to the UPGMA cluster analysis. The samples were clustered into three main groups, including Chinese jujube, wild jujube and Indian jujube as expected. The 16 sequence-specific SSR primers could efficiently distinguish all the 24 cultivars of Chinese jujube, except for two cultivars, Jinsixiaozao and its ‘stoneless’ mutant, Wuhexiaozao. As a result, SAM was a very efficient method in targeted developing sequence-specific SSR primers in Chinese jujube. Furthermore, SAMs could also be used as high polymorphic molecular markers independently. The further study would focus on developing other oligonucleotide repeat types and applying more SSRs available in the genetic research of Chinese jujube.     

Genetic Relationship of Iranian Pear Genotypes with European and Asian Pears as Revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

Genetic variation within specific fruit tree germplasms is an important tool in fruit tree breeding programs. In the present work, the genetic relationship of 31 European and Iranian (Pyrus communis L.) and Asian (Pyrus serotina Rehd) genotypes of pear were studied using 19 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Fifteen out of the 19 primers used in this study amplified 3373 clear and reproducible bands associated with 150 loci and many of them were polymorphic. The dendrogram resulting from the unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic cluster analysis separated the cultivars into eight groups. The correlation coefficient between the cophenetic matrix and the similarity matrix was 0.82 (r = 0.82). There was a significant difference between populations and most studied genotypes clustered closely together based on their geographic origin and Iranian pears placed between two groups of pears. Results showed the suitability of RAPD analysis in genetic diversity study of pear.     

丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性的形态和RAPD标记分析

应用形态标记和RAPD标记对26份丝瓜种质材料进行遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。所观察的44个形态性状变异系数为5.27 %～107.00 %,平均变异系数为32.75 %。从200个随机引物中筛选出16个引物,共扩增出145条带,多态性带有125条,多态性比率为86.21 %,平均Shannon多样性信息指数为 0.325。基于形态标记的聚类分析将26份丝瓜种质分为普通丝瓜和有棱丝瓜两大类。基于RAPD标记的聚类分析将26份丝瓜种质也分为两大类,但有2份有棱丝瓜种质和普通丝瓜聚为了一类,与形态标记聚类结果不一致。     

13个阿月浑子品种的RAPD分析

为探明引进的阿月浑子品种间的亲缘关系,采用RAPD 标记技术对引入的12 个国外品种和‘新疆优株’进行了分析。用筛选的21 条10 bp 随机引物进行PCR 扩增可扩增出137 个位点,其中多态位点122 个,多态位点比率89.05%;品种间遗传距离在0. 2015 ~ 0.5163 之间,表明各品种间存在一定的遗传差异。UPGMA 聚类分析表明,13 个阿月浑子品种在遗传距离0.40 处可划分为3 个类群,第1 类包括 ‘Kerman’、‘Larnaka’、‘M-38’、‘M-P3’、‘Ashoury’、‘N’、‘Joley’、‘Aegina’、‘Avidon’、‘B’和‘Peter’11 个品种;第2 类为‘Xinjiang select tree’品种;第3 类为‘Mateur’品种。     

木枣优良株系的选择研究

木枣是陕晋黄河沿岸黄土高原丘陵枣区的主要栽培品种。以优质、丰产、抗裂、抗病为目标,选择收集29个木枣无性系进行集中栽培,2005年对5a生木枣无性系的结果性状、抗病性、抗裂果性和果实品质(制干率、含酸量、含糖量等)等进行调查和测试。并以单株产量、落果率、裂果指数、发病指数、制干率、单果质量和含糖量为指标,通过综合比较和评价,遴选出丰产性好的无性系3个,高制干率的无性系10个,抗裂果的无性系11个,抗锈病的无性系3个,高含糖量的无性系9个和综合性状优良的无性系1个(C-12)。无性系C-12原产清涧县舍余里,丰产性极强,落果轻,制干品质优良、抗裂果、中度抗枣锈病。     

雷州半岛菠萝蜜种质遗传多样性的RAPD分析

 用RAPD标记方法对我国雷州半岛的65份菠萝蜜(Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. ) 实生种质资源DNA的遗传多样性进行了检测, 16个引物共检测到78条带, 其中69条具多态性(占88.4% ) 。聚类分析表明, 65份菠萝蜜材料在遗传距离0.26处可分为3大类。供试种质虽具有丰富的形态性状变异, 但在DNA水平上平均相似性系数为0.7341。干、湿胞类型及引自马来西亚的种质均不能独立聚类。对菠萝蜜品种的干、湿胞分类法及菠萝蜜品种的引种区域进行了讨论。     

西葫芦种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对国内外47份西葫芦种质材料进行遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析。从520条随机引物中筛选出30条能产生稳定多态性的引物用于RAPD分析,共扩增出367条带,其中302条表现多态性,占总数的82.29%,表明西葫芦种质资源在分子水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性,与形态学研究结果一致。聚类分析将47份西葫芦种质材料分为两大类。在第Ⅰ类群中,可将32份种质分为4个亚类;第Ⅱ类群分成5个亚类。从生长习性来看,矮生与半蔓生的亲缘关系最近;从皮色来看,白色与绿色亲缘关系最近,亲缘关系最远的为白色与花皮。