氯胺酮麻醉对食蟹猴血压的影响研究

目的:观察使用氯胺酮麻醉对食蟹猴血压的影响状况。方法:10只食蟹猴先在清醒状态下测量血压,再使用盐酸氯胺酮注射液10 mg/kg肌肉注射全身麻醉后,测量其麻醉后血压,比较两种状态下血压之间的差异。结果:食蟹猴在使用氯胺酮麻醉后收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压升高。结论:食蟹猴使用氯胺酮进行全身麻醉后,对血压产生明显影响。     

氯胺酮对野生动物的麻醉效果比较

笔者用氯胺酮对10种野生动物进行了麻醉，并对其效果进行比较后认为：在灵长类及肉食类用药量有较大的差异，灵长类一般为4－6．5mg/kg，而肉食动物一般为7．5－16．2mg/kg。     

Coulter分析仪在恒河猴血液检验中的应用评价

为探讨Coulter血液细胞分析仪的性能及其在实验动物血液分析中的应用，对恒河猴静脉血按常规方法、Coulter分析仪分别进行了测定和比较。结果显示，Coulter分析仪具有良好的技术性能，基本能满足对血细胞检查的需要；但对白细胞分类和异常细胞的检测时，该分析仪的作用仍只能是筛选，建议使用显微镜分析。     

EM对大口鲶血液学指标影响的研究

用微生态制剂EM作为饲料添加剂饲喂大口鲶，经40d的试验，测定其血液学指标(包括红细胞数、白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞大小、红细胞渗透脆性、白细胞分类记数、红细胞沉降率和红细胞比积)。结果显示，试验组大口鲶的红细胞数和血红蛋白含量等指标均优于对照组。表明EM能改善大口鲶的血液学指标，提高机体的新陈代谢，加快其生长速度。     

电针麻醉对驴生理常数及5项血液指标的影响

麻醉是保证外科手术顺利进行的一项重要措施，在兽医临床上多采用药物麻醉法。但药物麻醉对动物的生理影响较大，容易发生意外和不良反应，而电针麻醉对动物的一些生理常数具有调节作用，且操作简便、易于掌握、手术安全，故在兽医临床上电麻的应用越来越广泛。目前常用三阳络穴组麻醉法，沙峰等利用三阳络穴、抢风穴组电麻方法先后给马、骡、牛、羊等做外科手术，均获满意的麻醉效果。但电麻对血液学指标及生理常数的影响国内外报道不一。王林安报道（1990），电麻试验前与电麻诱导期及电麻后30min，血液中RBC、WBC、Hb均无显著差异。王轶男也指出：针刺镇痛后，除红细胞总数和血细胞压积外，其余血液值无变化。为了进一步观测电麻对血液学指标及生理常数的影响，为临床提供参考依据，我们进行了本试验，报道如下。     

氯胺酮,安定复合麻醉对犬脑电图影响的研究

氯胺酮和安定复合麻醉，实验犬脑电图波幅显著升高，节律显著变慢，临床上出现肌肉松弛，痛觉和意识消失，为外科手术的适宜时期。     

外源性H2S对氯胺酮全麻大鼠主要生理指标的影响

外源性H₂S在诸多方面对中枢神经系统具有保护性作用,本研究通过预试验确定了外源性H₂S的给药时间和剂量,将48只SD大鼠随机均分为4组,分别为对照组（CP组）、低剂量组（LP组,7 μmol/kg NaHS）、中剂量组（MP组,14 μmol/kg NaHS）、高剂量组（GP组,28 μmol/kg NaHS）。在盐酸氯胺酮麻醉前20 min,3个剂量组分别腹腔注射7、14、28 μmol/kg NaHS,观察外源性H₂S对大鼠体温、心率、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度及血压等生理指标的干预效果。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,3个剂量组体温和血氧饱和度浓度均显著升高（P<0.05）,心率和血压均显著降低（P<0.05）,但呼吸频率呈先减慢后加快趋势,且这些变化呈显著的剂量依赖性。     

阿司匹林丁香酚酯对大鼠血液学和血液生化指标影响

观察阿司匹林丁香酚酯对大鼠血液学成分及血液生化指标成分的影响,为其临床开发应用提供依据。选择成年健康W istar大鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组、阿司匹林丁香酚酯组、阿司匹林对照与丁香酚药物对照组,连续灌服相应药物2周,在最后1次灌药后每组各取1/2大鼠,股动脉取血,留下的1/2动物停止给药后继续观察1周再取血。采用全自动血液分析仪与全自动血液生化分析仪测定大鼠的红细胞、血小板、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶等血液学、血清生化各项指标。结果:阿司匹林丁香酚酯对大鼠血液成分及血液生化有一定的影响,且影响较阿司匹林小;具有显著降低大鼠血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量的作用,且强于阿司匹林与丁香酚。试验表明阿司匹林丁香酚酯对血液及血液生化指标影响较低,较对照药具有更好的药用价值。     

Effects of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate on hematological values in normal horses

In several horses referred for evaluation of colic, we observed marked leukopenia (attributable to neutrophil counts <2,000/μl) which was inconsistent with the mild nature of abdominal pain, absence of fever, or lack of signs of endotoxemia. In all cases, large bowel impaction has been diagnosed via rectal palpation prior to admission and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) had been one of the medications administered. To investigate the hypothesis that DSS administration may lead to bowel irritation, margination of neutrophils, and development of leukopenia (neutropenia), the effects of DSS administration (20 mg/kg via a nasogastric tube) on clinical and hematologic values were studied in eight clinically normal horses. No changes were detected in any of the clinical values assessed in these horses and neither leukopenia nor neutropenia was observed following DSS administration. A trend for plasma total protein concentration to increase four hours after DSS administration (in comparison to control data) suggested that DSS may enhance secretion of fluid into the bowel in treated horses. In conclusion, the results did not support the hypothesis that the leukopenia observed in horses with colic could be attributed to DSS administration. Whether DSS has more significant effects in horses with altered bowel motility and mucosal integrity during colic episodes is not known.     

Effects of ketamine hydrochloride on serum biochemical and hematologic variables in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Serum biochemical and hematologic values were obtained from Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) before and 15 minutes after intramuscular injection with ketamine hydrochloride (5-10 mg/kg). A 345% increase in serum creatine kinase activity 15 minutes after ketamine administration was attributed to muscle damage caused by the injection. Decreases in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, and the serum concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, and other serum analytes were all attributed to the reversal (by ketamine) of the excitement or "alarm reaction" associated with physical restraint. The decrease in circulating erythrocytes and lymphocytes indicated a redistribution of these cells from the circulating blood to the spleen and extravascular sites, respectively. Decreases in concentrations of total protein, albumin, and several other serum analytes suggested an influx of fluid into the vascular space. The decrease in glucose may also reflect the reversal of an epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in the excited awake monkey. These alterations should be considered when designing studies and interpreting data for Rhesus monkeys.     

安定和氯胺酮对猪复合麻醉的研究

试验选择安定和氯胺酮进行猪的静脉复合麻醉,通过Datex循环监护仪和SJ-42型生理多导仪,对多项生理指标进行监测及麻醉相的观察。结果表明,麻醉过程中猪的体温略有降低,但影响不大;脉搏麻醉前与麻醉后比较,总趋势是降低的;血氧饱和度（SpO2）在注药后很快下降,最低下降到75左右,之后逐渐回升;整个麻醉过程中心率下降较大,节律基本正常。证明安定与氯胺酮对猪复合麻醉,麻醉确实,麻醉诱导迅速,安全范围大,适合于猪的麻醉。     

Change in M-mode echocardiographic values in cats given ketamine

Determination was made of changes in heart rate and certain M-mode echocardiographic values in healthy cats given ketamine (3 to 5 mg/kg, IM). Heart rate and septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole increased, and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and shortening fraction decreased (P less than 0.02) after ketamine was given. With the adjustment for heart rate by analysis of covariance, left ventricular internal diameter in diastole, shortening fraction, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) from base-line values.     

Effects of high-volume, rapid-fluid therapy on cardiovascular function and hematological values during isoflurane-induced hypotension in healthy dogs

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the administration of a high volume of isotonic crystalloid at a rapid rate on cardiovascular function in normovolemic, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs during induced hypotension.Using a prospective study, 6 adult dogs were induced to general anesthesia and cardiovascular and hematological values were measured while the dogs were maintained at 3 hemodynamic states: first during light anesthesia with 1.3% end-tidal isoflurane (ETI); then during a hypotensive state induced by deep anesthesia with 3% ETI for 45 min while administered 1 mL/kg body weight (BW) per minute of isotonic fluids; and then decreased to 1.6% ETI while receiving 1 mL/kg BW per minute of fluids for 15 min. End-tidal isoflurane (ETI) at 3.0 ± 0.2% decreased arterial blood pressure (ABP), cardiac index (CI), and stroke volume index (SVI), and increased stroke volume variation (SVV) and central venous pressure (CVP). Fluid administration during 3% ETI decreased only SVV and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), while CVP increased progressively. Decreasing ETI to 1.6 ± 0.1% returned ABP and SVI to baseline (ETI 1.3 ± 0.1%), while CI and heart rate increased and SVV decreased. There was significant progressive clinical hemodilution of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP), colloid osmotic pressure (COP), arterial oxygen content (CaO₂), and central-venous oxygen content (CcvO₂).High-volume, rapid-rate administration of an isotonic crystalloid was ineffective in counteracting isoflurane-induced hypotension in normovolemic dogs at a deep plane of anesthesia. Cardiovascular function improved only when anesthetic depth was reduced. Excessive hemodilution and its adverse consequences should be considered when a high volume of crystalloid is administered at a rapid rate.