碳酸氢钠对仔兔防病促长增效试验

断奶后仔兔是增重、提高成活率关键阶段。我们以仔兔防病促长增效为目的,曾于2006年7~8月份高热期间,采取小试实验与养兔户试用相结合办法,进行了碳酸氢钠对断奶仔兔防病促长增效试验。1材料与方法1.1试验仔兔:本单位试验园地35日龄断奶獭兔10只,雌雄均匀搭配,分设试验组6只,对     

断奶幼兔的管理方法

1)适时断奶。在良好的饲养管理条件下,仔兔28~42日龄、体重达750g以上即可断奶。断奶过早,会影响幼兔的生长发育;但断奶过晚,也不利于母兔复膘,影响母兔下一个繁殖周期。因此,根据仔兔品种、生长情况、母兔体况等决定适宜的断奶时间。一般说来,肉兔品种的仔兔可在28~35日龄断奶,毛兔、獭兔品种的仔兔可在35~42日龄断奶。2)加强营养。断奶后的幼兔要多喂营养全面、易于消化的颗粒料,少喂水分过多的青饲料及粗硬饲料。日粮中的蛋白质应达到16%~18%,饲喂原则是少吃多餐,每天喂料4~5 次。     

早期断奶引起仔兔腹泻的原因和预防

近年来随着养兔生产水平的提高，许多养殖场也逐步普及了仔兔早期断奶技术，由传统的35-40天缩短到28～30天。仔兔早期断奶具有许多优点，如缩短母兔繁殖周期，但早期断奶易发生腹泻，且发病率和死亡率高，引起仔兔生长受阻．也给养兔场带来很大的经济损失，本文就仔兔早期断奶发生腹泻的原因及预防措施做简要的介绍和探讨。     

肉兔育肥技巧

1选喂良种肉兔可直接选喂生长速度较快的比利时兔、塞北兔、哈白兔、新西兰兔、加利福尼亚兔等大中型良种兔。如有条件,最好用上述良种公兔和本地母兔进行杂交配种,这样所产的仔兔,生长优势更为明显。2抓好断奶过渡断奶前,加强母兔营养,提高其泌乳能力,并提早抓好仔兔的早期补料,确保仔兔30d断奶体重达到500g以上。断乳最好采取移母留仔法,即仔兔仍然原笼原窝饲养。若笼位紧张,需要改变笼子,也至少要做到同窝仔兔不分开。育肥应实行小群笼养,不可一兔一笼,更不可不分窝别和年龄实行大群混养,这样会使仔兔产生孤独感、生疏感,甚至恐惧感。断…     

家兔腹泻病的防治

家兔腹泻病是指临床上具有腹泻症状的一类疾病,主要表现为粪便不成球形,稀软,呈粥状或水样。各个年龄段的家兔均可发生,以断奶前后的幼兔发病率最高,治疗不当常引起死亡。该病各地饲养场(户)均有发生,特别是1~3月龄的仔兔,死亡率轻者在5%~10%,严重者可达100%。该病病因多,如饲料不清洁,混有泥沙、污物等或饲料发     

碳酸氢钠对仔兔生长发育的影响

去年7～8月份高温期间,笔者采取小试与养兔户试用相结合办法,研究碳酸氢钠对断奶仔兔防病促长增效的效果,旨在提高断奶后仔兔生长速度和成活率。小试结果显示,增重率提高25%,料重比下降6.08%,降低耗料成本49%。经养兔户试用均认为有明显防病促长效果。     

抓好这十项，仔兔“零死亡”

从初生到断奶这一段的小兔称仔兔。目前一些农户饲养的仔兔育成率低,有时整窝整窝地死,虽然采取了很多措施,但效果都不明显,严重挫伤了养兔户的养殖信心。要提高仔兔成活率,保证整窝仔兔“零死亡”,要采取以下十条锦囊妙计:1.加强怀孕后期管理。仔兔阶段成活率及断奶后的生长发     

仔兔断奶前后的饲养方案——消化特点和营养需要的回顾

对仔兔消化系统的研究显示,仔兔的营养需求在很多方面与泌乳母兔是相反的。例如,泌乳母兔的能量需求是很高的,而低淀粉高纤维的日粮有利于提高仔兔断奶后的健康水平。针对这一问题提出并讨论了几种饲养管理方案。对在28～35日龄断奶的仔兔,将其与母兔分饲,可以很好地解决这一问题。另外,寻找一种既适合母兔又适合仔兔的营养方案也是有必要的。通过给仔兔提供合适的饲料使得早期断奶(<26日龄)成为可能。     

仔兔早期断奶期的饲养管理及注意事项

1早期断奶对仔兔的影响 1．1有利影响 早期断奶可减少仔兔因哺乳而感染某些疾病的机会,特别是球虫病、大肠杆菌病和皮肤病等,而且对于提高断乳成活率很有好处。据报道,早期断奶后7-10天腹泻发病率比正常断奶低;早期断奶使仔兔采食较多的固体饲料（多为植物性饲料）,刺激肠黏膜的发育和消化酶系统的发育成熟和分泌,     

断奶仔兔的生理特点与腹泻原因及防控

<正>仔兔的哺乳期一般为30~40 d,断奶过早,因仔兔消化系统尚未发育成熟,对饲料的消化吸收能力较差,生长发育就会受到影响;断奶过迟,仔兔长期依靠母乳营养,也会影响消化酶的分泌,导致生长受阻。因此,断奶仔兔必须根据其生理特点,实施科学饲养,尤其要防控腹泻等疾病的发生和危害。1仔兔生理特点1.1生长快,代谢旺仔兔新陈代谢旺盛,生长速     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。