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食源性人兽共患病已成为威胁人类健康、食品安全和畜牧业发展的重要因素,因此发展快速、准确、高效的人兽共患病病原活菌检测技术非常必要。目前已有多种针对活菌的检测方法。本文比较分析了目前正在使用或开发的人兽共患病病原活菌检测技术。同时,利用PMA-q PCR检测技术,进行了副溶血性弧菌检测效果验证,认为该检测技术兼具检测速度快、灵敏度高、特异性强、成本低等优点,作为一种新型的活菌快速检测技术,具有广阔的应用前景。另外,一种新型的铂化合物检测技术也被证明可用于活菌检测。 相似文献
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由于传统PCR技术无法区分样品中的死细菌与活细菌,为避免因样品中含有死细菌而造成的假阳性检测结果,本研究根据肠毒性大肠埃希菌(ETEC)不耐热肠毒素LTa基因设计特异性引物,利用叠氮溴乙锭(EMA)处理菌液,沸水浴法制备细菌裂解液,优化PCR条件,建立一种检测肠毒性大肠埃希菌活菌肠毒素基因的EMA-PCR方法。肠毒性大肠埃希菌CVCC196、CVCC197、CVCC200均能扩增出大小为438bp的特异性条带,而其他对照菌株未扩增出条带。经EMA处理,除了完全死菌组外,含有10mL/L~1 000mL/L活菌的混合悬液均可扩增出目的片段。因此,成功建立了一种快速、有效的检测肠毒性大肠埃希菌活菌肠毒素基因的EMA-PCR方法,该方法较传统PCR大大提高了检测的准确性,灵敏度可达19cfu/mL。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(8)
<正>目的通过XTT方法检测鼠疫疫苗中的活菌含量,并与传统培养法的菌落形成单位计数结果进行比较,探讨在应急使用情况下以XTT方法快速检测鼠疫疫苗活菌含量的可行性。方法利用已知活菌含量的鼠疫疫苗参考品制备活菌含量与XTT有色产物吸光度值之间的参比曲线,根据未知样品的吸光度值,在线性方程中求出未知样品的活菌含量。同时将该检测方法的结果与传统培养法活菌含量 相似文献
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《现代畜牧兽医》2018,(11)
本试验旨在建立伪结核棒状杆菌的活菌检测方法,为临床检测及疫病防控提供理论依据。利用PMA可选择性穿透死菌细胞膜,在强光作用下与死菌DNA共价交联,阻止以其DNA为模板的PCR扩增这一原理,将PMA与PCR鉴定相结合,并对PMA最佳曝光时间、最适工作浓度进行优化,建立伪结核棒状杆菌PMA-PCR活菌检测方法,并对其特异性进行分析。结果表明最佳曝光时间为15 min,PMA能够完全抑制死菌PCR扩增的最低浓度为20μmol/L,不抑制活菌PCR扩增的最大PMA浓度为30μmol/L。特异性试验结果显示,仅伪结核棒状杆菌可扩增出目的条带,而在链球菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌中未扩增出目的条带。对不同比例的死/活菌检测发现,该方法可以有效针对活菌进行检测,活菌的最低检测浓度为1×104 cfu/mL。本研究为伪结核棒状杆菌的活菌检测提供了一定的理论依据,也为由伪结核棒状杆菌诱发的山羊疫病防控奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2020,(4)
为简便、快速测定宿主体内或细胞内布鲁氏菌的活菌数,本研究以布鲁氏菌单拷贝bcsp31基因为检测靶标,设计特异性引物,经优化反应条件及叠氮溴化丙锭(PMA)最佳使用浓度与曝光时间,建立了一种测定布鲁氏菌活菌数的叠氮溴化丙锭--荧光定量PCR方法(PMA-qPCR),并评估了该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性。结果显示,建立的qPCR标准曲线Ct值与质粒标准品拷贝数对数值之间线性关系良好;特异性试验结果显示,该方法对布鲁氏菌S2株扩增结果为阳性,对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、小肠结肠炎耶氏菌、副溶血弧菌扩增结果均为阴性;其对布鲁氏菌S2的检测限为10~3cfu/mL,比常规PCR方法敏感性高100倍;重复性试验结果显示,批间及批内重复试验的变异系数均为0.63%~2.04%,重复性好。利用该方法对不同比例布鲁氏菌S2活菌/死菌混合样品定量测定,结果显示随活菌比例的增大,测得的活菌数与常规qPCR测定值越接近,表明经优化处理的PMA有效抑制了qPCR对死菌DNA的扩增,但对活菌的qPCR扩增无影响。将该方法与平板计数法共同测定TSB纯培养的布鲁氏菌S2活菌数,结果二者的测定值无统计学差异。随后利用这两种方法同时测定两种不同浓度的S2侵染巨噬细胞后的胞内活菌数,结果显示两种方法测定值虽然均差异显著(p0.05),但测得的活菌数均在一个数量级且变化趋势一致,并均与侵染的活菌数呈正相关。上述结果表明,本研究建立的PMA-qPCR检测方法可以对布鲁氏菌活菌实现快速定量检测,为布鲁氏菌活菌数测定相关研究提供可行技术。 相似文献
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为验证煮沸法提取细菌DNA在布鲁氏菌病原学检测中的可行性,将布鲁氏菌S2活疫苗稀释成不同活菌浓度,应用煮沸法提取样品DNA,经荧光定量PCR检测,扩增结果与预期一致,不同活菌浓度样品Ct值得到了很好区分。证实煮沸法可用于布鲁氏菌的病原学检测。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献