谈谈动物检疫的范围

动物检疫是为了预防、控制动物疫病，防止动物疾病传播、扩散和流行，保护养殖业发展和人体健康，由取得动物检疫员资格人员对动物、动物产品进行检查、定性和处理。我国动物检疫分为进出境动物检疫和动物检疫两大类。     

动物检疫员应对那些检疫结果负责

检疫是指为了预防、控制动物疫病,防止动物疫病传播、扩散和流行,由法定的机构和人员,按照法定的对象、项目、程序、方法、标准,对法定的动物(产品),进行检查、判断、定性和处理的一种强制性技术行政措施.可见,动物检疫是一种法律化的技术措施,其实施对象、程序、方法、标准、结果处理等诸方面都必须依法进行.     

天峨县坚持动物产地检疫的调查

近几年来,广西省天峨县坚持动物产地检疫制度,凡运输动物出入境或将动物送入屠宰场的,均需核实产地检疫证,严堵各种漏洞,对控制动物疫病的传播和扩散,确保肉食品安全卫生,收到了良好效果.     

谈谈进口动物的现场检疫

为了严防通过进口动物带入国外疫病,对进口动物进行登机、登船、登车和隔离场的现场检疫和临床诊断,是一项不可忽视的工作。通过现场检疫,记录动物的临床表现,可以在畜群中及早发现疫病、疫情迹象;并对动物的健康状况有一基本判断,提供给实验室第一手的资料,对在以后的对外谈判中具有重要的意义。     

浅谈加强产地检疫工作几项措施

<正>产地检疫是动物检疫的源头和基础,是动物检疫工作中的难点,也是动物检疫工作的重中之重。是动物检疫的第一关,也是控制动物疫病传播的首要措施。做好产地检疫可以预防、控制动物疫病把动物疫病消灭在最小的范围内,最大限度地减少危害。大连长兴岛地处辽东半岛中西部,长兴岛内现     

防止动物疫病传入传出出入境检验检疫任重道远

长期以来,动物疫病一直威胁着人类安全、经济发展和社会稳定。特别是近几年来,疯牛病、口蹄疫、禽流感等重大动物疫病在许多国家频频发生和流行,造成严重危害和广泛影响,已经成为一个全球性的问题,动物疫病对动物及动物产品国际贸易的影响越来越大。防止动物疫病传入传出,促进动物及动物产品出口,给我国出入境检验检疫部门提出了严峻的挑战和更高的要求。     

整体推进产地检疫构筑动物疫病防制"万里长城"

随着养殖业的迅速发展,动物及其产品流通日趋频繁,动物疫病随着大市场、大流通而变的多样和复杂.外源性动物疫病侵入和内源性疫病传播是制约我区养殖业健康发展的主要因素.建立适合市场经济要求的动物疫病防制工作机制,控制、消灭动物疫病于生产源头,是促进养殖业健康发展、保护人体健康、社会稳定和提高农民增收的重要措施.因此整体推进动物产地检疫工作既刻不容缓,又任重道远,我们应该做好以下几项工作:     

搞好产地检疫的几点体会

动物产地检疫是动物检疫监督的重要环节和第一道关口.它不仅是动物疫病免疫预防工作的督查,更重要是动物的疫病可以在源头及时发现、控制和扑灭.产地检疫的成败,直接关系到畜牧业能否健康发展和人类肉食品是否安全的问题.     

简说无规定动物疫病区建设

为了全面贯彻《动物防疫法》,保护和促进畜牧业持续健康发展．国家决定在全国实施“动物保护工程”,今年正式启动“无规定动物疫病区”建设项目。全国首批列入规划的有10个省、100多个县（市区）,山东省有8个地市、24个县（市区）,其中青岛市和郊区5市均被列为项目区。这是建国以来投资最大、范围最广、意义极其深远的畜牧业基本建设项目。l什么是“无规定动物疫病区”建设所谓“无规定动物疫病区”建设,简单地讲就是把一个地区建设成为没有国家规定的重点动物疫病的地区,具体讲就是：划定一些区域,在这些区域中集中增加财力、物力和…     

影响动物免疫工作的因素与对策

动物免疫工作是防控动物疫病的重要手段,是动物防疫工作的核心内容。如何抓实动物免疫工作,提高重大动物疫病免疫密度和免疫质量,是当前兽医工作主管部门研究探索的重要课题。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.