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为了解美国进出境动植物检疫工作开展情况,推进我国动物卫生管理工作,对美国进出境动植物检验检疫工作体系进行了梳理和总结。美国进出境动植物检验检疫部门涉及农业部、国土安全部、内政部、卫生与公众服务部、商务部等多个部门及其下属机构,各部门在有关法律、规章与合作备忘录的要求下,根据各自职责开展进出境动植物检疫工作。美国进出境动植物检验检疫工作体系具有进境检验“管办分离”、相关部门分工明确、协作机制运行顺畅等特点。建议借鉴美国的工作体系,结合我国工作实际从完善法制建设、加强部门协作等方面推进我国相关工作体系建设。 相似文献
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逃避动植物检疫罪是指违反进出境动植物检疫法的规定,逃避动植物检疫,引起重大动植物疫情的行为。逃避动植物检疫罪是1997年3月14日八届全国人大第五次会议修订后的《中华人民共和国刑法》所新确立的罪名。逃避动植物检疫罪构成要件是:(一)逃避动植物检疫罪的主体是进出境动植物的货主或者代理人。逃避动植物检疫罪的主体(货主或代理人)可能是单位,也可能是个人,也可能是单位和个人兼有之。如果是单位应当是进出境动植物的企事业单位或者是代理进出境动植物业务的企事业单位;如果是个人,一般是进出境动植物的个体工商户或… 相似文献
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正领域内动物、动物产品的检疫适用《动物防疫法》,而进出境动物、动物产品的检疫适用《进出境动植物检疫法》。领域内的动物、动物产品的检疫由动物卫生监督机构实施;进出境动物、动物产品的检疫由口岸动植物检疫机关实施,他们是互不相隶属的机构和机关。领域内动物、动物产品的检疫实施人员为官方兽医;进出境动物、动物产品的检疫实施人员为进出境动植物检疫机关检疫人员。随着非洲猪瘟的暴发和近年来高致病性禽流感、口蹄疫等重大动物疫病的暴发,动物、动物产品的检 相似文献
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1996年12月2日,国务院总理李鹏以第206号国务院令颁布了《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法实施条例》(以下简称《实施条例》),并于1997年1月1日起施行。这是继《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法》之后,我国进出境动植物检疫事业发展进程中的又一个里程碑,标志着进出境动植物检疫法律体系朝着法制化、规范化、完善化方向迈出了更坚实的步伐。 相似文献
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动植物检疫询私舞弊罪是指动植物检疫机关的检疫人员询私舞弊、伪造检疫结果的行为。动植物检疫河私舞弊罪是1997年3月14日八届全国人民代表大会第五次会议修订《中华人民共和国刑法》后新确立的罪名。动植物检疫构私舞弊罪的犯罪构成条件是:回主体必须是我国动植物检疫机关的检疫人员在我国目前的动植物检疫机关有四个:(1)中华人民共和国出入境检疫检验局及其分支机构。《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫活》第三条规定,国务院动植物检疫机关和国务院动植物检疫机关在对外开放的口岸和进出境动植物检疫业务集中的地点设立的口岸动植物… 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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