南京紫金山春季蛾类多样性研究

采用灯诱的方法对紫金山4种不同植被类型鳞翅目蛾类资源进行了调查.共收集蛾类1182只,隶属于9总科、21科、155属176种.应用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度、优势度、相似性系数等分析了紫金山不同植被类型蛾类的多样性.结果表明:紫金山阔叶林蛾类多样性较高,种类较丰富;针阔混交林、针叶林、竹林等植物群落正处于演替的某个中间阶段.蛾类多样性指数不受均匀度影响.植物群落及生态环境的差异是导致蛾类群落结构差别的主要因素.蛾类可作为环境变化的指示物种.     

不同森林植被类型蛾类群落结构及其多样性研究

为揭示不同森林植被类型鳞翅目蛾类昆虫群落的结构状态和功能,评价不同植物群落的生态稳定性,于2007～2008年对紫金山主要植被类型蛾类昆虫种类、种群密度、分布及发生规律进行了调查;对不同植被类型、不同季节、整体时间动态的蛾类昆虫进行了多样性方面的分析研究.结果表明:紫金山共有蛾类13总科28科355属494种,阔叶林蛾...     

紫金山森林固氮释氧量的研究

基于紫金山森林资源清查资料,比较历年的森林面积和蓄积量,分析紫金山森林增长速度快慢的原因,并从汇总出的2006年各优势树种蓄积量数据中,采用生物量换算因子连续函数法等研究方法,核算出森林的最新固碳释氧量数据,突出自2004年大型环境综合整治以来,紫金山森林生态系统中植物地上部分固碳释氧的生态功能。结果表明:固碳量为176095.9t,释氧量为129641.2t,为今后紫金山植物栽植和配置、南京城市森林规划和建设提供参考。       

南京紫金山毛竹景观林维护与质量提升

毛竹林是南京紫金山国家森林公园景观的重要组成部分,其健康状况关系着该区域森林景观效益和生态效益的发挥。文章调查分析了紫金山毛竹林的起源、林分结构及经营管理现状,提出了改善毛竹林质量的经营措施,包括：调整竹林结构、混交阔叶树种、生态防治病虫害等生态培育措施,垦复、施肥、劈山除灌、疏伐等退化竹林复壮措施,以及控制竹林扩张、改造荒芜竹林等措施。这些经营措施为紫金山毛竹林的可持续经营提供了技术支撑。     

长沙岳麓山马尾松林的群落类型划分及物种多样性分析

运用TWINSPAN,flexible beta clustering,DCA,NMDS(non-metric multidimensional scaling)对岳麓山马尾松林群落类型进行划分,并采用Patrick指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数研究群落的物种多样性。结果表明:1)flexible beta clustering和NMDS相结合要优于TWINSPAN和DCA,是比较理想的群落数量分类方法;2)岳麓山马尾松分布于10种群落中,马尾松除了组成较大面积的纯林外,还与其他本土阔叶树种组成6种针阔混交林;3)马尾松纯林物种多样性低,丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数均为最低值,尤其是草本层物种多样性极低。相比之下,针阔混交林,尤其是马尾松+苦槠林物种多样性较高;4)样地中马尾松的重要值与乔木层的各物种多样性指数、与草本层的均匀度指数、优势度指数存在负相关,与灌木层的物种多样性不存在相关关系。     

古田山国家自然保护区马尾松林主要种群生态位研究

通过样方法进行群落调查,每个样地大小为20 m×20 m.采用生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠值公式统计分析了古田山自然保护区马尾松林优势种群生态位特征.结果表明:马尾松、青冈、石栎和木荷等种群有较大的生态位宽度,其Bi、Ba值分别为0.9040、0.7818,0.8421、0.5853,0.8055、0.6292和0.7850、0.4572,而杨梅的生态位宽度最小,其Bi、Ba值分别为0.2505和0.0533.生态位较大的物种间生态位相似性比例较高,如马尾松与木荷为0.5670、甜槠与木荷为0.6775、马尾松与石栎为0.6144.马尾松林中物种间生态位重叠值小于0.1的比例达到89%,生态位重叠较小,表明马尾松林种间竞争不大,资源较为充分,能为更多物种的侵入和生存提供充足的空间与资源.     

Seed dispersal by small rodents favors oak over pine regeneration in the pine-oak forests of the Qinling mountains,China

Abstract

Natural regeneration differences between oak and pine are common in the Qinling Mountains of central China. Thus, we examined whether this difference could be explained by seed dispersal. We investigated the seed dispersal of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata Maxim. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and the regeneration characteristics of both species were investigated in the pine-oak forest belt (oak stands, pine-oak stands, and pine stands) of Huoditang Forest in the Qinling Mountains in central China. We found that Q. aliena var. acuteserrata acorns were usually scatterhoarded, while seeds of P. tabulaeformis were generally consumed immediately. We found that 55% of the released acorns were transferred to the P. tabulaeformis stands. Moreover, Q. aliena var. acuteserrata regenerated successfully and was recruited in the three forest stands. However, the natural regeneration of P. tabulaeformis was very low in all stands because of high predation by small rodents. We propose, therefore, that the seed dispersal advantage of Q. aliena var. acuteserrata compared with P. tabulaeformis contributed greatly to the regeneration difference between these two species in the pine-oak forest belt of the Qinling Mountains in China.     

米仓山南麓野生药用植物资源及其多样性分析

为了摸清米仓山南麓野生药用植物资源及其分布规律,分析其多样性特征,为该区域野生药用植物资源的保护和开发利用提供科学依据。结合第四次全国中药资源普查,采用样方调查法,通过开展野外调查,对米仓山南麓的野生药用植物的多样性进行了分析。结果表明,该区域的野生药用植物共有95科223属290种。科属构成丰富多样,科的构成上寡种科最多,有44科136种,分别占总科数的46.3%,占总种数的46.9%;属的构成上单种属占绝对优势,有178属,占总属数的79.8%,占总种数的61.4%。该区域野生药用植物的生长类型以草本药用植物略占优势,占总种数的53.1%。解毒和清热是该区域野生药用植物的主要功效,分别占总种数的44.5%和42.1%。该区域的野生药用植物以全草或全株和根与根茎入药为主,分别占总种数的33.6%和22.3%。综上所述,米仓山南麓的野生药用植物种类丰富,药用植物生长类型、功效、药用部位等类型多样,但缺乏规范的保护和利用计划,建议制定野生中药材的保护和利用规划,为该区域内中药材资源地保护和可持续利用奠定基础。     

Ecology of wood‐inhabiting fungi in northern forests of Iran

Wood‐decay fungi are important in forest ecosystems and play an important role in nutrient and carbon recycling. The scope of this research was to identify wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay macrofungi and determine their ecology. We sampled standing trees and dead wood of oak and hornbeam in the northern forests of Iran, specifically in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. We assessed the influence of field slope, elevation, site direction and the height of fungal sporocarp position on the tree. The species of wood‐inhabiting and wood‐decay fungi belonged to 11 families: Polyporaceae; Stereaceae; Ganodermataceae; Physalacriaceae; Agaricaceae; Xylariaceae; Pluteaceae; Coprinaceae; Strophariaceae; Pleurotaceae; and Hydnaceae. The most common fungal species identified belonged to the Polyporaceae and Ganodermataceae and predominantly grew on trees growing on a slope of 20%, at an altitude of 700–900 m, 0–3 m from the ground a southwesterly site direction and the northern sides of both tree species. These results indicated that field slope was the most important factor in determining fungal sporocarp abundance.     

长白山不同生境红松种子消耗率与鼠类数量关系的研究

在红松阔叶林和白桦次生林两种生境中人工模拟松鼠埋藏红松种子,研究种子消失率与鼠类及其密度的关系,结果表明:鼠类在10日内对人为埋藏红松种子的平均消耗率为74.7%±6.9%,红松阔叶林为92.5%±3.9%,白桦次生林为57%±10.9%,差异显著(t=-2.986,P<0.01);而种子消失率与啮齿类数量呈正相关(R2=0.742,P<0.01)。白桦次生林红松更新幼树为75～130株.hm-2,显著大于红松阔叶林的6～15株.hm-2,与鼠类消耗种子速度有一定关系。