预防奶牛乳腺炎的新策略

目前，对奶牛乳腺炎的流行病学、免疫学、诊断学和病因学等方面的研究已取得了很大进步，现代分子生物学方法为细菌流行病学和毒力研究提供了很好的工具，因而对于建立特异性的奶牛乳腺炎控制策略有很大的帮助。用生物技术方法预防奶牛乳腺炎目前还处于发展阶段，还有很多问题没有解决，例如预防奶牛乳腺炎的疫苗等问题，但不同的免疫调节方法在预防奶牛乳腺炎上已显示出有很好的前景。     

壳聚糖对奶牛隐性乳房炎的预防效果

有研究表明．壳聚糖影响动物免疫系统功能．增强刀豆蛋白A(ConA）诱导的淋巴细胞增殖．可增强体液免疫及T淋巴细胞免疫功能。壳聚糖参与免疫系统免疫球蛋白(IgM)的生成，能通过活化巨噬细胞促进特异细胞因子与干扰素的生成．从而提高机体的免疫功能。壳聚糖与其他多糖一样．表现出类抗生素的特征．能够抑制多种细菌的生长与活性．具有广谱抗菌素的作用。     

防治环境性病原菌引起的乳腺炎

1前言 在美国,因奶牛乳腺炎被淘汰的约占所有淘汰乳用母牛的26．5％;法国奶牛整个第一泌乳期临床乳腺炎为26．3％;在芬兰、挪威、瑞典乳房健康问题分别为淘汰母牛的39％、19％和22％。目前发现约有150多种病原体可引起奶牛乳腺炎,其中有球菌、杆菌、真菌或酵母菌、霉形体、病毒等。包括：①传染性病原菌,如无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉形体等,可在乳区和牛群中传播流行;     

奶牛乳腺炎防治策略研究进展

本文从奶牛乳腺炎的诊断技术及防治技术研究进展进行了论述,介绍了国内外奶牛乳腺炎兽医防治、抗病育种等方面的最新研究成果.     

奶牛乳房炎防治的新进展

奶牛乳房炎是高产奶牛最常见的疾病,对奶业的发展危害严重。近年来,国内外学者对该病开展了大量的研究工作,作者对奶牛乳房炎的研究进展作一综述,为该病的科学防治提供有益的参考。     

新型杀菌剂戊唑醇防治桑椹菌核病田间药效试验

桑椹菌核病是危害果桑的一种主要真菌病害,严重影响桑椹的产量和品质。2017年春季在陕西临潼果桑产区进行了新型农药田间防治试验。结果表明:喷施戊唑醇与吡唑醚菌酯的复配剂——叶将30%SC 1500倍液,对桑椹菌核病的校正防效为90.91%;喷施甲基硫菌灵与吡唑醚菌酯的复配剂——妆颜45%SC 750倍液的相对防效为89.66%。两种新型农药制剂虽然比喷施"70%甲基硫菌灵WP+80%代森锰锌WP"1000倍液相对防效低,但都达到了理想的防治效果。     

Ovine Mastitis Due to Histophilus ovis

The clinical, pathological and bacteriological findings related to ovine mastitis caused by Histophilus ovis are described. A high proportion of the ewes belonging to a flock were infected, but the source of the contamination could not be determined.     

Bovine Mastitis due to Prototheca zopfi

A report is given of a case of bovine mastitis caused by the alga Prototheca zopfi which was erroneously identified as the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. The resistance of protothecal mastitis to treatment with antibiotics commonly used in veterinary practice is briefly discussed.     

Bovine Mastitis due to Prototheca zopfi II

The occurrence of protothecosis in a dairy herd quarantined under the National Brucellosis Eradication Program is reported. Infection was detected by milk culture and the presence of serum precipitins to a culture filtrate antigen preparation of Prototheca zopfi. The alga was always cultured from the milk when serum precipitins were present. Whey antibodies were demonstrated in infected quarters. Consumption of colostrum from an infected cow may have accounted for the brief appearance of serum precipitins in young calves. A naturally infected cow was monitored for 20 months. Serum antibodies disappeared six months after lactation ended but reappeared following parturition, with both algal cells and antibodies in the colostrum. Prototheca zopfi survived a 13 month dry period. There was no spread of infection to the calf. An experimental infection of a healthy cow was short lived but the presence of both serum and whey antibodies was demonstrated. Cross-reactions between Prototheca and Brucella abortus antigens were not observed, and the association between the diseases was found to be coincidental.     

Mastitis control

Extract

Sir,—There are two unrelated measures in mastitis control which are worth mention.     

奶牛乳腺炎金黄色葡萄球菌新型疫苗研究进展

病原微生物感染是导致奶牛乳腺炎发生的最主要原因,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的带菌率最高。疫苗被认为是当前预防疫病传播并最终根除传染病的最有发展前景和最经济有效的方法和措施。随着基因工程、分子生物学、遗传学及免疫学等学科知识的迅猛发展,多种新型疫苗因为具有安全可靠、容易进行质量控制等优点正引起更多研究者的广泛关注,金黄色葡萄球菌新型疫苗的研究取得了长足进步,本文针对金黄色葡萄球菌新型疫苗加以综述。