抗菌肽对仔猪生长性能及降低腹泻率的影响

为了研究抗菌肽制剂对仔猪生产性能和健康水平的影响,本试验选取316头仔猪作为研究对象,分为对照组和试验组,试验组教槽料中添加抗菌肽制剂1 kg/t,保育料中添加抗菌肽制剂500 g/t。试验结果：试验组仔猪的末重比对照组高1.71 kg,日增重比对照组高0.07 kg,料肉比比对照组降低0.10,腹泻头数明显低于对照组,少43头,腹泻率明显低于对照组,低23.7%,并且两组之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。结果表明：抗菌肽制剂作为饲料添加剂,,为可以改善仔猪的生产性能,明显的降低仔猪的腹泻头数和腹泻率。     

Effect of dietary supplementation of chitosan and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharide on serum parameters and the insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets

The study was to determine effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan (COS) and galacto-mannan-oligosaccharids (GMOS) on some serum biochemical indices, serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels, and hepatic and long gissimus muscle IGF-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets. Twenty six Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets at the age of 15 days were used. The piglets had access to creep feed during the suckling. Six piglets were sacrificed for sampling at the beginning of the study. The other 20 piglets were individually housed in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to four corn and soybean meal-based diets including the control group, the antibiotic group with 110 mg lincomycin/kg diet, the COS group containing 0.025% COS, and the GMOS group with 0.20% GMOS, respectively, in a 2-week feeding experiment. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was reduced whereas serum total protein concentration was increased (P < 0.05) in responses to the COS and GMOS supplementation. Dietary supplementation of COS and GMOS also increased (P < 0.05) the serum GH and IGF-I levels along with enhanced hepatic and the muscle IGF-I mRNA abundance. Dietary supplementation of oligosaccharides such as COS and GMOS may improve growth and feed conversion efficiency by increasing plasma GH and IGF-I levels, in the early-weaned piglets.     

复合氨基酸稀土添加剂饲喂育肥猪的试验研究

选３０头纯纱长白仔猪,按完全随机分组原则分为５组,每组６头仔猪,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的日粮中分别添加（以稀土含量计）百万分之五、百万分之十五、百万分之三十、百万分之四十五的复合氨基酸稀土饲料汪厍剂。经过１００天饲养试验,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组平均日增重分别比对照组提高１６．６２％（Ｐ〈０．０１）、２０．７３％（Ｐ〈０．０１）、６．８２％（Ｐ〉０．０５）和１６．６２％（Ｐ〈０．０１）、２０．７３％（Ｐ     

不同品种猪肌肉RNA/DNA比率与生产性能相关性研究

 探索将RNA/DNA比率作为评定猪生长性能和饲料营养价值指标的可行性。选用了目前云南省4个杂交组合（PIC402×LY、PIC402×滇陆猪N1、D×LY、Y×滇陆猪N1）32头断奶仔猪,按品种分为4个组,每组设2个重复,每个重复4头猪。每组分两个饲养阶段（20~60 kg,60~100 kg）,日粮及饲养管理方式一致。试验结束后屠宰,采集其背最长肌,测定RNA/DNA浓度比。结果表明：20~60 kg阶段,猪肌肉RNA/DNA与其增重和采食量之间的相关性不显著(P>0.05),但与料重比有较显著的相关性(P<0.05),相关系数R均在0.85以上。60~100 kg阶段,猪肌肉的RNA/DNA与猪的增重、采食量和料重比之间的有一定相关性,但都不显著(P>0.05)。在20~100 kg阶段,猪肌肉的RNA/DNA与猪的增重和采食量之间的呈一定的相关性 (P>0.05),但于其料重比之间相关性,相关系数在0.65以上。结论提示,猪肌肉RNA/DNA比率与猪增重及采食量、饲料转化效率有正相关,RNA/DNA比率越大,其增重及采食量越大,料重比越小;而且猪肌肉RNA/DNA比率有品种特异性,不同品种猪肌肉中的RNA/DNA比率值也不同。     

茶树油制剂(颗粒剂)对保育猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究茶树油饲料添加剂(颗粒型)对保育猪生长性能的影响.试验动物选取小保育猪50头和大保育猪36头,小保育猪分为5组,每组10头,对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂基础饲料中分别添加50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg茶树油的试验饲料.大保育猪分为6组,每组6头,对照组饲喂基础...     

The effect of zeolite (clinoptilolite) on the post-feeding dynamics of N metabolism in the portal vein, jugular vein and the rumen fluid of bulls

If easily digestible saccharides are deficient in the feed ration of bulls with the live weight of 300 kg and at simultaneous single application of urea at a rate of 0.2 g per 1 kg live weight, zeolite (with 50.6% clinoptilolite content) administered at a rate of 2.5% per 1 kg dry matter influenced significantly (P less than 0.05) the ammonia concentration in rumen, v. portae and v. jugularis. The rumen contents and blood were sampled at the intervals of 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 minutes after feeding. Basal feed ration consisted of 1 kg feed mixture and 3 kg meadow hay. After urea administration, zeolite reduced the ammonia concentration in rumen by 20-40% in comparison with the control group and in v. portae by 60-70%. In v. jugularis in the 90th minute after feeding significant hyperammonemia was observed in bulls with no zeolite supplement. Zeolite administration did not influence urea concentration in plasma.     

日粮中不同铁和铜水平对仔猪生长发育的影响

研究了日粮中不同铁和铜水平对仔猪生长发育的影响。铁水平组采用单因子4水平处理方法,分为1个对照组和4个试验组,每组4头仔猪,试验期为28 d;铜水平组采用二因子有重复试验设计,按照性别、体重随机分成4组,每组20头仔猪,试验期为28 d。结果表明,60 mg/kg酵母铁组的促生长效果较好;以250mg/kg的剂量向断奶仔猪料中添加硫酸铜,可以提高仔猪采食量和日增重,改善饲料利用率;添加5 mg/kg赖氨酸铜的经济效益较好。     

Rare earth elements--a new generation of growth promoters for pigs?

The present study which includes two feeding experiments was performed to investigate a possible performance enhancing effect of rare earth elements (REF) in piglets. This performance enhancing effect has been described in the Chinese literature for a long time, however, it was never tested under "western conditions". In the first feeding experiment 72 piglets at a mean BW of 7.3 kg were allotted to a control and to 4 REE groups at different levels of lanthanum chloride or an REE mixture containing mainly chlorides of lanthanum, cerium and praseodymium. The experimental period lasted 5 weeks. Positive effects of REE were found on body weight gain as well as on feed conversion ratio of the piglets. Compared to the control group, the daily weight gain was improved by 2 to 5% and feed conversion was better by up to 7%. These effects were, however, not significant. In the second feeding experiment, piglets (mean BW 17.3 kg) were fed for 8 weeks with a similar REE mixture. Significant positive effects of REE were found on both body weight gain and on feed conversion ratio by 19% and 10%, respectively. This is the first time that a performance enhancing effect of REE in pigs under western feeding conditions has been shown. Since the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed has been restricted in the European Union recently, rare earth elements might be of interest as new, safe and inexpensive alternative performance enhancers.     

Carbadox in combination with furazolidone in the prevention of enteral and growth disorders in weaned piglets]

Two feed mixtures were produced, each containing the antimicrobial preparation Carbadox and different amounts of furazolidone. Their fortnightly administration in starters to piglets weaned at the age of 25--31 days prevented mortality and stimulated somatic growth and feed utilization. Premix with a higher content of furazolidone markedly depressed the clinical symptoms of gastro-enteritis and reduced the number of the haemolytic germs of E. coli in the contents of the duodenum and jejunum. The presence of furazolidone in the feed completely eliminated enteral disorders and delayed the onset of the disease, or alleviated its course, in cases of severe diarrhoea, which killed, in the control group, the piglets of the same litter. Weight gains were significantly increased, particularly in the first post-weaning week, the difference from the control being up to 520%. Almost 0.5 kg of the COS 2 starter was saved per 1 kg of piglet live weight gain. Under the current farming conditions of five agricultural enterprises the weight gains during the ten days of the administration of the medicated feed were increased, on an average by 0.84-1.32 kg. In herds where the untreated piglets put on less than 1 kg the gains were increased by 96--124%. It is recommended to administer the new-developed medicated premix to prevent losses due to alteration of the intestinal microflora in early-weaned piglets.     

智能化液态料饲喂系统对保育猪饲养效果的影响研究

为验证保育猪智能化液态料饲喂系统对保育仔猪生长性能的影响,本试验选取224头生长状况一致的同批次健康断奶三杂仔猪进行分组饲养。其中,试验组(112头)应用智能化饲喂器,对照组(112头)使用传统人工投料,从仔猪28日龄断奶开始,饲养至70日龄保育结束。除去5头死淘数,统计结果得出:与对照组相比,试验组仔猪的头均增重显著提高(21.51 kg VS 18.30 kg),平均耗料量更低(26.04 kg VS 27.42 kg),饲料转化效率也更高(料肉比1.21 VS 1.50),取得了较为理想的饲养效果。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能及养分消化率的影响。试验选取28日龄断奶仔猪150头[平均体重(8.41±0.06)kg],随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加120、180、240和300 U/kg葡萄糖氧化酶的试验饲粮。试验期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加葡萄糖氧化酶对仔猪末重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。2)试验Ⅳ组仔猪血清白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅱ组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于试验Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著性低于对照组和试验Ⅳ组(P0.05)。4)试验Ⅱ组仔猪干物质消化率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪粗蛋白质消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组仔猪总能消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,断奶仔猪饲粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶可改善仔猪血清抗氧化功能,降低腹泻率,促进机体对蛋白质、糖和脂质代谢与消化吸收,从而提高生长性能,建议添加量为180 U/kg。     

日粮中添加柑桔皮粉对黄杂肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

将32日龄黄杂肉用仔鸡240只随机分成4组,每组60只雏鸡。第1组为对照组,第2～4组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加了3．5％,3．0％,2．5％柑桔皮粉的日粮,试验期35天。结果表明,在日粮中添加3．5％的柑桔皮粉组鸡效果最佳,料重比3．09-1,比对照组鸡降低11．71个百分点,饲料转化率提高了13．27％,只均增重0．9345kg比对照组鸡（0．8365kg）提高11．72％（P〈0．05）。经济效益比对照组鸡提高27．35％,增重耗料成本降低了0．55元／kg。     

黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为了分析黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,选择28日龄的杜大长三元杂交断奶仔猪108头,公母各半,体重接近。随机分为4组,每组27头,每组3圈,每圈9头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中加入黄芪多糖200、500 mg/kg和1000 mg/kg,试验期28 d。结果表明:含黄芪多糖日粮对仔猪的日增重、营养物质消化率、料肉比及腹泻率均有所改善,添加组与对照组在腹泻率方面差异显著(P<0.05),其中以添加500mg/kg为宜。     

甘氨酸铁对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选用72头杜长大断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头。试验分为对照组Ⅰ(基础日粮含100 mg/kg无机铁)、对照组Ⅱ(基础日粮+50 mg/kg无机铁)、试验组(基础日粮+50 mg/kg甘氨酸铁),试验结果表明:对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ和试验组3个组之间差异不显著,试验组的日增重比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ分别提高2.67%(P>0.05)和2.18%(P>0.05);从料肉比来看,试验组和对照组Ⅰ差异显著,但与对照组Ⅱ相比差异不显著。分别比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ降低1.4%(P<0.05)和0.7%(P>0.05);在腹泻率方面,试验组与对照组Ⅰ之间差异显著(P<0.05),但与对照组Ⅱ之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组比对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ分别降低93.3%和83.3%;育成率3组之间差异不显著;血清微量元素铁增加的趋势试验组均高于对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ,组间差异均不显著(P<0.05);试验组粪中微量元素铁的含量比对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别降低30.02%和30.47%,且试验组和对照组Ⅰ、对照组Ⅱ之间差异极显著(P<0.01),但对照组Ⅰ和对照组Ⅱ之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg(含二价铁)甘氨酸铁不仅能提高断奶仔猪生产性能,还能减少粪中微量元素铁的排放量。     

包被纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化酶活性及血清生化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的包被纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化酶活性及血清生化和免疫指标的影响。试验选取21日龄平均体重为(5.29±0.02)kg的长×大二元杂交断奶仔猪180头,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,普通氧化锌组饲喂基础日粮+2 500 mg/kg普通氧化锌,包被纳米氧化锌组分别在基础日粮中添加250、500、750 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌,正试期14 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加500 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌能提高断奶仔猪的平均日增重和日采食量(P<0.05),降低耗料增重比(P<0.05),且与普通氧化锌效果相当;与对照组相比,500 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌组血清锌水平、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶活性和免疫球蛋白G含量升高(P<0.05),尿素氮和丙二醛含量降低(P<0.05),且均与普通氧化锌组差异不显著。结果表示,日粮中添加包被纳米氧化锌可显著促进仔猪生长,提高饲粮中蛋白质和锌的利用率,并能有效改善血清抗氧化酶活性,提高仔猪免疫力,且以日粮中添加500 mg/kg包被纳米氧化锌效果最佳,具有替代高剂量普通氧化锌的潜力。     

Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance of piglets from control sows or sows treated with L-carnitine during pregnancy and lactation

Previous studies showed that supplementation of sows' diets with L-carnitine increases body weights of their piglets at birth. This study was performed to investigate whether piglets of sows treated with L-carnitine differ in their growth potential from that of piglets of untreated control sows after weaning. It was also investigated whether supplementation of piglets' diets with L-carnitine improves their growth after weaning. In two trials, piglets of the first litters of primiparous sows (trial 1) and the second litters of the same sows (trial 2) were divided into four groups: group 1, piglets of control sows, fed a control diet; group 2, piglets of control sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg; group 3, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows, fed a control diet; group 4, piglets of L-carnitine-treated sows fed a diet supplemented with 30 mg L-carnitine/kg. Mean initial body weights of the piglets of the four groups were identical. They were 8.5 kg in trial 1 and 12.5 kg in trial 2. Diets were fed ad libitum over a period of 35 days. Piglets from sows treated with L-carnitine did not differ in body weight gains, feed intake and gain : feed ratio from those of control sows. In trial 1, piglets supplemented with L-carnitine had higher body weight gains (p < 0.005) and showed a tendency towards a higher gain : feed ratio (p = 0.09) than piglets fed the control diets. In trial 2, no significant difference in these parameters emerged between piglets fed the diet supplemented with L-carnitine and those fed the control diet. In conclusion, this study shows that dietary L-carnitine treatment of sows does not improve the growth potential of their piglets after weaning under the conditions of equal initial body weights. The study also shows that L-carnitine supplementation of their diets improves the growth performance in light piglets of primiparous sows.     

日粮中添加复合酶制剂对断乳仔猪生长性能的影响

选取54头7～8 kg健康的"杜长大"断乳仔猪作为试验动物,根据体重相近、公母各半、随机分配的原则分为对照组和试验组,每组设3重复,每个重复9头,探讨添加复合酶制剂对仔猪生长性能和腹泻率的影响。试验组日粮中添加0.5 g/kg泛亚太复合酶制剂后,仔猪的日增重提高,料重比降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);并可降低仔猪腹泻率和饲料成本。结果表明,在仔猪日粮中添加0.5 g/kg泛亚太复合酶制剂可提高仔猪的生长性能,提高经济效益。     

植物乳杆菌和非淀粉多糖复合酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物菌群及血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)和非淀粉多糖(NSP)复合酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物菌群及血清指标的影响,从而达到代替抗生素的目的。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选择28日龄健康断奶仔猪192头,平均体重为(7.15±0.36)kg,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组(CT组)饲喂在基础饲粮中添加40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌的饲粮;试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1 g/kg植物乳杆菌(PT组)、1 g/kg NSP复合酶(ZT组)、1 g/kg植物乳杆菌+1 g/kg NSP复合酶(PZT组)的饲粮。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)各组间断奶仔猪的试验末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)各组间断奶仔猪粪便中乳酸菌数量、大肠杆菌数量及乳酸菌/大肠杆菌均无显著差异(P0.05)。但与对照组相比,PZT组断奶仔猪粪便中乳酸菌数量和乳酸菌/大肠杆菌有增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10),大肠杆菌数量有降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。3)各组间断奶仔猪的血清生化指标、免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中复合添加植物乳杆菌和NSP复合酶可促进肠道菌群平衡,有益于仔猪健康生长,从而达到替代抗生素的目的。     

Analysis of Possible Influence of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Growth Performance and Losses of Piglets

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the feed ration for lactating sows with the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth performance and losses of piglets from birth to weaning. The monitoring comprised 20 litters in control and 20 litters in experimental group of Czech Large White × Czech Landrace hybrid combination sows. The control group was given a standard feed mixture for lactating sows, and experimental group was fed with the feed mixture supplemented with 2% of CLA, from the day of farrowing to the weaning of piglets, that is for the time of 28 days. The results of the experiment indicate the significantly better parameters of the numbers of reared piglets in the experimental group and the related lower level of losses of piglets from birth to weaning (p < 0.01). However, the feed mixture for lactating sows enriched in conjugated linoleic acid had no significant effect on the growth performance of piglets from birth to weaning (p > 0.05). Sows in the experimental group showed earlier onset of post‐partal oestrus after weaning of piglets (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the supplementation of diet for lactating sows with CLA can improve survival of piglets from birth to weaning and shortening of weaning‐to‐oestrous interval in sows.     

松乳菇多糖对早期断奶乳猪生产性能和预防腹泻的影响

实验设3个松乳菇多糖添加剂组、1个抗生素（杆菌肽锌）添加剂组和1个基础日粮对照组,研究5种日粮对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、饲料转化率及腹泻影响,探讨松乳菇多糖作为饲料添加剂效果。结果表明,75、150 g/t添加松乳菇多糖组与基础日粮组相比日增重、料肉比和耗料量、腹泻率、腹泻指数没有显著差异;300 g/t添加松乳菇多糖粉与基础日粮组和抗生素组相比,日增重和耗料量分别提高15.06%和10.67%;料肉比和腹泻率分别降低4.05%和14.28%;降低饲料成本3.13%。