Expression and properties of two types of protein kinase C: alternative splicing from a single gene

Two complementary DNA's, encoding the complete sequences of 671 and 673 amino acids for subspecies of rat brain protein kinase C, were expressed in COS 7 cells. The complementary DNA sequence analysis predicted that the two enzymes are derived from different ways of splicing and differ from each other only in the short ranges of their carboxyl-terminal regions. Both enzymes showed typical characteristics of protein kinase C that responded to Ca2+, phospholipid, and diacylglycerol. The enzymes showed practically identical physical and kinetic properties and were indistinguishable from one of the several subspecies of protein kinase C that occurs in rat brain but not in untransfected COS 7 cells. Partial analysis of the genomic structure confirmed that these two subspecies of protein kinase C resulted indeed from alternative splicing of a single gene.     

选择性多聚腺苷酸化及microRNAs对绵羊ACSL1基因表达的影响

为探究长链脂酰辅酶A合成酶(Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases,ACSLs)在绵羊脂肪组织的表达规律,利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)和双荧光素酶活性检测系统等方法进行研究.结果表明:1)绵羊ACSL1基因因选择性多聚腺苷酸化(Alternative polyadenylation,...     

草鱼CC趋化因子基因CCL24及其可变剪接

CC趋化因子是一类能够促进动物体内炎症部位的各种白细胞的补充、激活和黏附的趋化性细胞因子家族,是鱼类天然免疫系统的重要组成部分。分析了从草鱼肠道cDNA文库中筛选到的CC趋化因子基因CCL24,并克隆了阅读框区域内的基因组序列。序列分析表明,CCL24基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与CCL24cDNA序列完全一致,编码95个氨基酸,有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC),为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员。此外,还发现草鱼CCL24基因存在可变剪接现象,第1内含子没有被剪切掉的非正常转录本翻译后可能产生没有CC趋化因子活性的24个氨基酸的短肽,而且这种转录本在精巢、头肾、皮肤、肝胰脏、肠道、肌肉、肾脏等组织均检测到;而正常剪接的CCL24转录本,仅在肾脏和肠道中检测到,且其表达量要明显低于非正常剪接的转录本。     

草鱼CC趋化因子基因CCL24及其可变剪接

CC趋化因子是一类能够促进动物体内炎症部位的各种白细胞的补充、激活和黏附的趋化性细胞因子家族,是鱼类天然免疫系统的重要组成部分。分析了从草鱼肠道cDNA文库中筛选到的CC趋化因子基因CCL24,并克隆了阅读框区域内的基因组序列。序列分析表明,CCL24基因由4个外显子和3个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与CCL24cDNA序列完全一致,编码95个氨基酸,有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC),为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员。此外,还发现草鱼CCL24基因存在可变剪接现象,第1内含子没有被剪切掉的非正常转录本翻译后可能产生没有CC趋化因子活性的24个氨基酸的短肽,而且这种转录本在精巢、头肾、皮肤、肝胰脏、肠道、肌肉、肾脏等组织均检测到;而正常剪接的CCL24转录本,仅在肾脏和肠道中检测到,且其表达量要明显低于非正常剪接的转录本。     

Tissue factor gene localized to human chromosome 1 (1pter----1p21)

Tissue factor (tissue thromboplastin, coagulation factor III), a protein component of cell membranes, is an essential cofactor for factor VII-dependent initiation of blood coagulation. Since no tissue factor-deficient condition has been described, it is one of only a few proteins of the coagulation system for which the pattern of inheritance has not been ascertained. Because of the species-specificity of tissue factor activity and the availability of a very sensitive chromogenic assay, it was possible in the present study to use somatic cell hybrids to assign the chromosomal location of the tissue factor structural gene (F3) to human chromosome 1 (1pter----1p21).     

肌肉生长发育可变剪接研究进展

为了解动物肌肉生长发育可变剪接调控过程最新研究,本文对近年来人、小鼠和其他多种动物肌肉生长发育的可变剪接调控的相关研究进行了整理与分析,总结了肌肉生长发育可变剪接的发生、调控蛋白多样性的分子机制、人和动物的肌肉发育过程中可变剪接的调控研究进展及可变剪接的数据量化方法.结果 表明:肌肉是表现出最高水平的组织特异性和保守可...     

豚鼠ESR2基因新的可变剪接体克隆及序列分析

[目的]对豚鼠雌激素受体2(ESR2)基因进行克隆及序列分析,并预测分析其编码的蛋白序列,为提高豚鼠产仔性能及其育种打下基础.[方法]根据GenBank已公布的豚鼠ESR2基因序列(登录号XM003472337)设计引物,以豚鼠卵巢组织总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增ESR2基因编码区序列(CDS),利用生物信息学分析其编码蛋白氨基酸的组成及理化性质、二级结构及与相关物种的同源性.[结果]克隆获得的豚鼠ESR2基因CDS长度为1650bp,编码549个氨基酸,比参照序列(XM 003472337)少54个碱基,是ESR基因新的可变剪接体,且第7外显子缺失;蛋白质二级结构预测结果表明,豚鼠ESR2成熟肽包含α螺旋、β折叠和无规卷曲3种二级结构元件,由于缺失18个氨基酸导致蛋白质结构发生变异;同源性分析结果显示,豚鼠与长尾龙猫、奥氏更格卢鼠、马、达马拉鼹鼠、裸鼢鼠、鼠狐猴、八齿鼠、猪和人的ESR2基因序列同源性分别为91%、87%、86%、91%、92%、86%、88%、92%和86%.[结论]克隆获得的豚鼠ESR2基因为新的可变剪接体,可作为研究豚鼠产仔性能及豚鼠育种重要的候选基因之一.     

Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing

The neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, appears on early embryonic cells and is important in the formation of cell collectives and their boundaries at sites of morphogenesis. Later in development it is found on various differentiated tissues and is a major CAM mediating adhesion among neurons and between neurons and muscle. To provide a molecular basis for understanding N-CAM function, the complete amino acid sequences of the three major polypeptides of N-CAM and most of the noncoding sequences of their messenger RNA's were determined from the analysis of complementary DNA clones and were verified by amino acid sequences of selected CNBr fragments and proteolytic fragments. The extracellular region of each N-CAM polypeptide includes five contiguous segments that are homologous in sequence to each other and to members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, suggesting that interactions among immunoglobulin-like domains form the basis for N-CAM homophilic binding. Although different in their membrane-associated and cytoplasmic domains, the amino acid sequences of the three polypeptides appear to be identical throughout this extracellular region (682 amino acids) where the binding site is located. Variations in N-CAM activity thus do not occur by changes in the amino acid sequence that alter the specificity of binding. Instead, regulation is achieved by cell surface modulation events that alter N-CAM affinity, prevalence, mobility, and distribution on the surface. A major mechanism for modulation is alternative RNA splicing resulting in N-CAM's with different cytoplasmic domains that differentially interact with the cell membrane. Such regulatory mechanisms may link N-CAM binding function with other primary cellular processes during the embryonic development of pattern.     

马身猪ZNF280D基因新型剪接体的鉴定及生物信息学分析

[目的]本试验旨在探究马身猪中锌指蛋白(zinc finger protein)ZNF280D基因的剪接体类型。[方法]在猪转录组测序对ZNF280D基因剪切位置预测的基础上,采用RT-PCR和克隆测序技术对预测的剪切位点进行验证,检测该基因不同剪接体的结构并进行生物信息学分析。[结果]共检测到2个剪接体,分别是ZNF280D1和ZNF280D2,ZNF280D1为该基因的常规转录本,ZNF280D2第8外显子5'端大部分缺失。ZNF280D1含有3个C2H2型锌指结构域,属tC2H2型锌指蛋白,ZNF280 D2含有4个C2H2型锌指结构域,属maC2H2型锌指蛋白。[结论]ZNF280D2与DNA的亲和力大于ZNF280D1。     

The human gene encoding GM-CSF is at 5q21-q32, the chromosome region deleted in the 5q- anomaly

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 22,000-dalton glycoprotein that stimulates the growth of myeloid progenitor cells and acts directly on mature neutrophils. A full-length complementary DNA clone encoding human GM-CSF was used as a probe to screen a human genomic library and isolate the gene encoding human GM-CSF. The human GM-CSF gene is approximately 2.5 kilobase pairs in length with at least three intervening sequences. The GM-CSF gene was localized by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization to human chromosome region 5q21-5q32, which is involved in interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. An established, human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, contains a rearranged, partially deleted GM-CSF allele and a candidate 5q- marker chromosome, indicating that the truncated GM-CSF allele may reside at the rejoining point for the interstitial deletion on the HL60 marker chromosome.     

猪睾丸表达序列37 (TEX37)克隆、mRNA表达及蛋白质功能生物信息学分析

目的以版纳微型猪近交系(Banna mini-pig inbred line, BMI)为材料,初步探索猪睾丸表达序列37 (TEX37) 基因的特性和功能,为该基因在猪精子生成过程的作用研究奠定基础。方法利用Oligo7软件设计特异引物扩增BMI TEX37基因整个编码区,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测BMI 15个组织的TEX37 mRNA表达谱,并初步预测TEX37蛋白质的功能,最后构建TEX37的多物种氨基酸系统进化树。结果扩增得到BMI TEX37编码区序列长561 bp,编码186个氨基酸,基因登录号KU705619,氨基酸登录号AOC89037。多组织相对荧光定量表达分析表明：TEX37基因在睾丸中呈相对最高表达,在其他组织中呈相对较低表达。生物信息学分析表明：TEX37蛋白质含有TSC21结构域,二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,N末端疏水,C末端亲水,有2类磷酸化位点,无跨膜螺旋结构和信号肽。系统聚类表明：BMI与其他物种相似度在67%以上,进化较保守。结论该研究可为TEX37基因在猪精子生成方面的作用机理研究提供参考。     

Identification of a gene located at chromosome 5q21 that is mutated in colorectal cancers.

Recent studies have suggested the existence of a tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome region 5q21. DNA probes from this region were used to study a panel of sporadic colorectal carcinomas. One of these probes, cosmid 5.71, detected a somatically rearranged restriction fragment in the DNA from a single tumor. Further analysis of the 5.71 cosmid revealed two regions that were highly conserved in rodent DNA. These sequences were used to identify a gene, MCC (mutated in colorectal cancer), which encodes an 829-amino acid protein with a short region of similarity to the G protein-coupled m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The rearrangement in the tumor disrupted the coding region of the MCC gene. Moreover, two colorectal tumors were found with somatically acquired point mutations in MCC that resulted in amino acid substitutions. MCC is thus a candidate for the putative colorectal tumor suppressor gene located at 5q21. Further studies will be required to determine whether the gene is mutated in other sporadic tumors or in the germ line of patients with an inherited predisposition to colonic tumorigenesis.     

A major human histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1

A human histone gene cluster was assigned to chromosome 1 by Southern blot analysis of DNA's from a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids with 32P-labeled cloned human H4 and H3 histone DNA as probes. Localization of this histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1 was confirmed by in situ hybridization of this DNA probe to metaphase chromosomes.     

Localization of the gene encoding the human interleukin-2 receptor on chromosome 10

The human interleukin-2 receptor is an inducible growth factor receptor present on the surface of activated T lymphocytes. The receptor is required for a normal T-cell immune response. High-resolution fluorescence-activated chromosome sorting and DNA spot-blot analysis with complementary DNA's for the interleukin-2 receptor indicated that the receptor gene was located on chromosome 9, 10, 11, or 12. In situ hybridization studies showed that the interleukin-2 receptor gene is on the short arm of chromosome 10, p14----15.     

Location of the c-yes gene on the human chromosome and its expression in various tissues

Analysis of DNA from human embryo fibroblasts showed that ten Eco RI fragments were hybridizable with the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene (v-yes). Four of the Eco RI fragments were assigned to chromosome 18 and one to chromosome 6. There was evidence for multiple copies of yes-related genes in the human genome; however, only a single RNA species, 4.8 kilobases in length, was related to yes in various cells.     

Gene for T-cell growth factor: location on human chromosome 4q and feline chromosome B1

T-cell growth factor (TCGF) or interleukin-2 (IL-2), an immunoregulatory lymphokine, is produced by lectin- or antigen-activated mature T lymphocytes and in a constitutive manner by certain T-cell lymphoma cell lines. By means of a molecular clone of human TCGF and DNA extracted from a panel of somatic cell hybrids (rodent cells X normal human lymphocytes), the TCGF structural gene was identified on human chromosome 4. In situ hybridization of the TCGF clone to human chromosomes resulted in significant labeling of the midportion of the long arm of chromosome 4, indicating that the TCGF gene was located at band q26-28. Genomic DNA from a panel of hybrids prepared with HUT-102 B2 cells was examined with the same molecular clone. In this clone of cells, which produces human T-cell leukemia virus, the TCGF gene was also located on chromosome 4 and was apparently not rearranged. The homologous TCGF locus in the domestic cat was assigned to chromosome B1 by using a somatic cell hybrid panel that segregates cat chromosomes. Linkage studies as well as high-resolution G-trypsin banding indicate that this feline chromosome is partially homologous to human chromosome 4.     

Human chromosome 21 dosage: effect on the expression of the interferon induced antiviral state

Human primary skin fibroblasts trisomic for chromosome 13, 18, or 21 and diploid human skin fibroblasts were induced for an antiviral response with human interferon. The cells that were trisomnic for chromosome 21 were three to seven times more sensitive to protection by human interferon than the normal diploid or trisomic 18 or 13 fibroblasts. The differential response in trisomnic 21 cells is consistent with the known assignment of the human antiviral gene to chromosome 21.     

Isolation of human C-reactive protein complementary DNA and localization of the gene to chromosome 1

With a synthetic oligonucleotide mixture as probe, complementary DNA clones of C-reactive protein were isolated from an adult human liver complementary DNA library. The clones ranged in size from 700 to 1100 base pairs and were identified by partial DNA sequence analysis. One complementary DNA clone was used as a probe for hybridization with human-rodent DNA's isolated from somatic cell hybrids and bound to nitrocellulose filters (Southern blot analysis) to assign the human C-reactive protein gene to chromosome 1.