Native and renatured transfer ribonucleic acid

Transfer ribonucleic acid, isolated under conditions in which the original macromolecular structure is never denatured, is indistinguishable from transfer ribonucleic acid prepared by conventional methods involving denaturing steps. This finding is consistent with the absence of direct genetic control of the formation of macromolecular structure of transfer ribonucleic acid.     

Sulfur: incorporation into the transfer fraction of soluble ribonucleic acid

When S(35)-labeled soluble RNA from Escherichia coli K 38 is subjected to gel filtration, four fractions of RNA are obtained by elution. Only one RNA fraction, the transfer RNA, contains sulfur, presumably as thionucleotides. Treatment with ribonuclease suggests that the incorporated sulfur is an integral part of the polynucleotide chain; digestion with alkali yields a mixture of products containing sulfur, the major one being eluted in a position similar to uridine diphosphate upon Dowex-l chromatography. Analysis by countercurrent distribution of S(35)-labeledtransfer RNA from E. coli B reveals that the incorporated sulfur is found in many RNA's that accept amino acids, but the possibility remains that not all acceptor RNA's contain sulfur.     

Nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid

The nucleotide sequence of one of the Escherichia coli tyrosine-transfer ribonucleic acids was determined in order to compare its sequence with that of yeast tyrosine-transfer ribonucleic acid. Forty-four positions of both transfer ribonucleic acids are occupied by the same nucleotides if they are arranged in the manner shown here. The information obtained suggests that the conformation of transfer ribonucleic acid molecules may be a greater contributing factor than a specific nucleotide sequence in the interaction of transfer ribonucleic acid with its corresponding aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase.     

Codon recognition by enzymatically mischarged valine transfer ribonucleic acid

Direct evidence for the adaptor hypothesis has been obtained by examining the codon recognition of a purified Escherichia coli valine transfer ribonucleic acid which was enzymatically mischarged with phenylalanine labeled with carbn-14 by reaction with purified phenylalanyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase from Neurospora crassa. The mischarged transfer ribonucleic acid recognized the valine codons but failed to recognize the phenylalanine codon when tested in trinucleotide-directed ribosomal binding assay.     

Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases from cell-free extract of Plasmodium berghei

Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases for leucine tyrosine, histidine, valine, proline, threonine, and lysine were obtainnned from cell-free extract of Plasmodium berghei. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase cane charge tRNA from liver or Escherichia coli with leucine-c(14), liver tRNA being a better substrate. The amount of aminoacylation increses linerly with respect to the quantity of tRNA added from either source and is dependent on the amount of enzyme added. The rate of aminoacylation is constant for 10 minutes and then decreases. It is enhanced by polyvinylsulfate. One-tenth millimoler pyrimethamine, hydroxystilbamidine, quinacrine, and acriflavine inhibited the formation of C(14)-valyl-tRNA. Species specificity between tRNA and its charging enzyme with respect to the recognition site is discussed.     

邻羟基苯甲酸胁迫对不同杉木无性系叶片核酸和蛋白质合成的影响

以对邻羟基苯甲酸胁迫具有不同抗性2个杉木无性系(即忍耐型和敏感型)为对象,分析胁迫对叶片遗传物质合成的影响.结果表明:邻羟基苯甲酸胁迫对忍耐型的DNA合成多表现为抑制效应,RNA合成多表现为促进效应.而对敏感型的DNA合成多表现为促进效应,RNA合成表现为抑制效应;在胁迫初期时各胁迫浓度对敏感型的蛋白质含量的促进效应大于忍耐型,但在胁迫中后期,而对敏感型的促进效应呈下降趋势,而对忍耐型的促进效应随胁迫浓度加大而不断增大,蛋白质合成能力不断提高.表明不同抗性杉木无性系基因表达调控模式存在较大差别,随着胁迫强度增大,忍耐型RNA和蛋白质的合成量增加,使更多的蛋白质参与了对此种胁迫的响应,而使其有更好的抗逆性.     

Sulfur-containing nucleoside from yeast transfer ribonucleic acid: 2-thio-5(or 6)-uridine acetic acid methyl ester

A nucleoside, isolated from yeast transfer RNA, has been assigned the structure 2-thio-5-uridine acetic acid methyl ester on the basis of high-esolution mass spectrometry, chemical properties, and ultraviolet spectra. The alternate 6-substituted isomeric structure cannot yet be completely ruled out.     

Deciphering the message in protein sequences: tolerance to amino acid substitutions

An amino acid sequence encodes a message that determines the shape and function of a protein. This message is highly degenerate in that many different sequences can code for proteins with essentially the same structure and activity. Comparison of different sequences with similar messages can reveal key features of the code and improve understanding of how a protein folds and how it performs its function.     

水分胁迫下甘蔗根系蛋白质和核酸对外源乙烯的响应

采用3种浓度乙烯利溶液(0、100、200 mg/L)分别对甘蔗新台糖22号(ROC22)、桂糖17号(GT17)和新台糖10号(ROC10)在下种前进行10 m in浸种处理,测定根系中的蛋白质含量、蛋白酶活性、核酸含量及土壤含水量的变化。结果发现,在水分胁迫条件下,100、200 mg/L乙烯利处理的蔗根均有较高的蛋白质含量和总核酸含量,GT17和ROC10的蔗根有较低的蛋白酶活性;100、200 mg/L乙烯利处理对ROC22和ROC10蔗根的RNA/DNA值有明显的促进效应,其效应以100 mg/L处理大于200 mg/L处理。试验表明乙烯利浸种可提高甘蔗品种的抗旱性。     

龙眼胚胎发育过程中胚珠内核酸、蛋白质和淀粉含量的变化

对龙眼胚胎发育过程中胚珠内核酸、蛋白质和淀粉含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:以每克胚珠鲜重计,核酸含量在花后10-17 d达到最大值,以后逐渐降低,至45 d左右达最低值后又平稳回升;以每胚珠鲜重计,DNA含量随胚珠的发育而逐渐增加.RNA的含量变化总体趋势与DNA相似,但DNA含量的变化先于RNA.以每克胚珠鲜重计,蛋白质含量变化与核酸的变化基本相似;以每胚珠鲜重计,蛋白质的积累基本上与RNA的积累同步进行.胚珠内淀粉含量的变化趋势与DNA、RNA、蛋白质略有不同.以每克胚珠鲜重计,淀粉含量的变化表现为先降低后升高的变化趋势;以每胚珠鲜重计,则随着胚珠的发育含量不断增加,其中52 d后急剧增加.龙眼胚胎的发育状况与胚珠内核酸、蛋白质和淀粉含量的变化密切相关.     

Photodynamic inactivation of infectious nucleic acid

Tobacco mosaic virus-infectious nucleic acid causes a color shift when combined with acridine orange, methylene blue, and safranine. A high concentration of acridine orange inactivates infectious nucleic acid even in darkness, while a mixture of nucleic acid with a low concentration of the dye must be exposed to visible light prior to inoculation for inactivation to occur.     

疮痂病对甘薯叶片蛋白质及核酸代谢的影响

利用具有不同抗病性的甘薯品种研究了接种疮痂病菌前后甘薯叶片氮代谢生理指标方面的变化.结果表明:感染疮痂病菌后,感病品种叶片中的核酸总量及RNA含量降低,核糖核酸酶(RNase)活性增强,游离氨基酸(FAA)总量增加,蛋白酶活性升高,而抗病品种则相反.另外,抗、感病品种叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性都降低,且感病品种的变化幅度大于抗病品种.上述结果可作为鉴别品种抗性的生理指标.     

核酸疫苗全球专利简析

为分析核酸疫苗相关专利申请分布和保护状况,促进我国核酸疫苗的研究开发,强化核酸疫苗知识产权保护和运用,本研究基于专利数据库收录的核酸疫苗相关专利的公开信息,在Incopat数据库中通过关键词和IPC分类号检索,分析其专利申请趋势、地域分布和技术领域分布,并重点分析BioNTech和Inovio两家重点公司的核酸疫苗专利布局情况。结果表明,共获得相关专利申请12 746项,核酸疫苗专利申请量维持在较高水平,技术产出国和目标市场国主要包括美国、中国和其他欧美发达国家,主要申请机构多为欧美国家研发机构,BioNTech和Inovio等重点研发机构的专利布局呈现多层次、长周期、广地域等特点。本研究为我国疫苗研发企业提供了适配新专利法、强化布局和灵活运营等方面的知识产权策略,希望为我国核酸疫苗技术的发展提供参考。     

Protein and nucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli: pressure and temperature effects

The incorporation of glycine-C(14), leucine-C(14), and adenine-C(14) into the respective protein and nucleic acid fractions of Escherichia coli K-12 is markedly affected by application of moderately high hydrostatic pressure. Presure application may result in either stimulation or inhibition of incorporation depending on the temperature.     

Nucleotide sequence of a lysine transfer ribonucleic Acid from bakers' yeast

The nucleotide sequence of one of the two major lysine transfer RNA's from bakers' yeast has been determined. Its structure is compared to that of a lysine tRNA from a haploid yeast. A total of 21 nucleotides differ in the two molecules. Only the T-psi-C-G (thymidine-pseudouridine-cytidine-guanosine) loop and its supporting stem are identical.     

Specific inhibition of viral ribonucleic acid replication by Gliotoxin

Gliotoxin inhibits intracellular replication of poliovirus in HeLa cells at a stage subsequent to adsorption and penetration of virus. The sensitive step is synthesis of viral RNA: synthesis of viral protein is unaffected except as a consequence of blockade of RNA synthesis. Concentrations of gliotoxin sufficient to block viral RNA synthesis completely do not affect cellular RNA synthesis.