3D FEM Analysis of Subgrade Soil Movement and Deformation Caused by Extra Shallow Underground Pipe Jacking

Pavement structures will be damaged by subgrade soil movement around the pipes introduced by extra shallow underground pipe jacking. Soil layer deformation with shallow deposits on pipes during extra shallow underground pipe jacking is analyzed using 3D FEM. The effects on pavement deformation created by the friction between shield and soil, injection slurry, jacking forces and the vehicle loads are studied with a practical project. The analytical results show that the ground surface deformation is an uplift first followed by settling with the lower part of the cover moving faster than the upper layers. It is demonstrated by comparing computational results of FEM simulation and the observed data from the in situ test that these FEM models can be applied to real world engineering. Subgrade soil settling on extra shallow underground pipe jacking in a cross section will be stable when the shield has passed through a section with a length twice the diameter of the pipe. Horizontal surface subsidence along the lateral distribution is similar to a normal distribution curve, with the primary affected areas on both sides of the axis approximately 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe.     

Experimental Research on the Compressive Strength of the Heated Concrete Tested on the Small Diameter Cores

This paper introduces an experimental research on the compressive strength of the heated concrete tested on the small cores of 45 mm and 70 mm in diameter by compression and transverse cutting methods.By means of mathematical statistics, the test strength equations and regression curves obtained are quantitatively analyzed.     

暗管排水对规模农田水稻养分吸收和产量构成的影响

为探究暗管排水对水稻生育后期植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收以及产量构成的影响,以‘南粳46’为试验材料,通过苏州太仓东林农场两块相临的暗管排水田块与传统明沟排水田块进行试验。在暗管排水田距离排水沟和暗管不同的位置采集水稻样品,未铺设暗管的田块取样作对照,分析孕穗期、抽穗期和成熟期水稻植株氮磷钾含量以及产量构成之间的差异。结果表明：随苗沟距的增加,水稻植株氮磷钾养分吸收有减小趋势,靠排水沟越近的区域影响最显著。苗管距2.5 m处植株各器官氮磷钾含量以及产量最高,水稻各器官氮、磷、钾吸收量相对于对照组最高分别可提高25.17%、80.16%和35.19%;产量在苗沟距15 m、苗管距2.5 m处理下达到9.97 t/hm²,大于对照组15.22%,产量差异主要由水稻群体的穗粒数、结实率和千粒重产生。暗管排水可以有效增加稻田氮磷钾养分的吸收和稻田局部增产,但自由暗管排水可能导致暗管正上方表层土壤养分流失而影响水稻植株氮磷钾养分吸收,对于氮磷钾养分吸收规律需后期结合土壤渗漏强度以及渗漏量与土壤养分含量的关系做进一步分析。     

油辣椒自动灌装机弯曲灌装管道的流场模拟分析

以油辣椒固液两相流体为研究内容,以两种弯管模型为对象,利用多相流混合模型分别对不同入口流速(1、3、5 m/s)的油辣椒制品灌装管道流场进行模拟,并分析其弯管内固液两相流的速度场和密度场分布情况。结果表明,管道几何弯曲程度对流速有较大影响;提升灌装速度,可以减少油制辣椒的沉降,但作用不大;几何弯曲程度大的管道沉降现象较为严重,应注意合理截取管道长度。研究可为优化油辣椒灌装管道设计提供一定的理论依据。     

Fire-resistance performance of high-strength-steel H shaped columns under the axial compression

In order to investigate the fire-resistance performance of high-strength-steel column,this paper deduces the critical stress of high-strength-steel columns under the axial compression at high temperature by introducing the mechanical properties of high-strength-steel at high temperature.Moreover,coefficients of overall stability and critical temperature for high-strength-steel column under the axial compression are obtained which can provide a reference for design.The comparison of overall stability coefficient and critical temperature between high-strength-steel and normal steel is made.The results show that the overall stability coefficient and critical temperature for normal steel is not applicable for high-strength-steel,and the overall stability coefficient for high-strength-steel is smaller than that for normal steel.The paper uses the finite element analysis to validate the overall stability coefficient,and good match was found between them.     

A high pressure fuel injection system of a 4JB1 diesel engine

A fuel system evaluation method was introduced to select the proper high pressure injection system for diesel engines. Using this method, the second generation common rail system of BOSCH Company was selected for use in the 4JB1 diesel engine. Based on this common rail system, a fuel supplying model was built using AMESim. The model included a high pressure pump sub module, a pressure control valve sub module, an injectors sub module, and a connecting pipes sub module. Through model simulation, the influences of parameters (e.g., rail volume, high pressure pipe length and diameter) on pressure fluctuations and pressure building were studied. Rail pipe system parameters were selected based on simulation results. Experimental results show the rail pipe parameters could satisfy the needs of rapid pressure response and low pressure fluctuations for common rail diesel engines.     

Transverse Effect of Bottom Continuity Tendons in Continuous PC Box Girder

Bottom continuity tendons induce transverse additive effect while providing longitudinal compression during the construction of PC box girder. Taking a cross-sea bridge for example, the mechanism of bottom continuity tendon is investigated. The transverse effect and parameters study are conducted through a refined model. It is illustrated that the state of bottom flange is in a dynamic changeable process during the tensioning of bottom continuity tendons, and the transverse effect caused by the tendons is much more than that by dead loading and other prestressing tendons. The transverse effect is more sensitive to alignment and thickness of the bottom flange, as well as concrete cover of the ducts. Finally, based on the simplified frame analysis, the design method is proposed by introducing prestressing effect simplified factor and duct modified factor.     

Analysis of Hysteretic Performance of C-section Specimens of Cold-formed Steel

Seven specimens were loaded with axial force and horizontal cycle force to analyze the hysteretic performance and the influencing factor as well. The influence of axial compression ratio and aspect ratio on the hysteretic performance was investigated, including the buckling behaviors and the energy dissipation. And the positive role of combined effects on the hysteretic performance of cold-formed specimens was studied emphatically. The experiment reveals that a large axial compression ratio incurs a serious decrease on hysteretic performance, while the combined effects give an increase on it. In addition, the numerical mode is set up. Considering double nonlinearity, the results of experiment and simulation match each other well. Based on the data, it is obtained that local buckling plays a great negative role during the loading course. At last, the characteristics of hysteretic performance of cold-formed steel specimens are concluded and some suggestions are given.     

热管管外结冰过程研究

通过对热管制冰传热过程的理论分析,得出影响结冰速率的主要因素是热管的温度与半径.建立了管外结冰一维传热模型,分别以半径和时间为步长对结冰速率进行迭代求解,并利用半径微元法得出了不同温度以及不同圆管半径下的制冰速率曲线.与试验结果相比,所得理论模型能够较好地与其吻合.     

基于AHP法的大口径PCCP管道断丝安全风险管理

如何有效地对大口径PCCP管道断丝后管道结构的安全进行合理地评价,以便采取积极有效的维修措施,是减少南水北调大口径PCCP管道运营期间断丝安全风险的有效途径。提出利用层次分析方法(AHP)建立PCCP管道安全风险层次分析数学评价模型,对影响南水北调地下大口径PCCP管道断丝的各种可能因素进行专家打分,同时,通过数值模拟计算,建立PCCP管道安全失效的判断准则及判断标准,实现大口径PCCP管道安全风险评价的定量化。在此基础上,开发出一款专门针对南水北调中线PCCP管道工程安全运行风险实时监测的管理软件。该软件系统采用自动化实时监测技术和基于Web-GIS的风险管理系统。该系统能完成监测数据的实时采集、数据档案的电子化管理以及安全风险的动态评估与预警预报。     

玉米根系活力与耐铝性的关系

铝胁迫可提高耐铝自交系根系还原力，而铝敏感自交系TTC还原强度则显著下降,表明自交系根系TTC相对还原强度与耐铝性具有很好的一致性。耐铝自交系根系活跃吸收面积，尤其是根系活跃吸收面积占总吸收面积的比例相对较高。铝胁迫可维持或略提高铝自交系根系氧化力，而敏感自交系根系氧化力则有所下降，说明耐铝自交系在铝胁迫下仍可维持较高的呼吸代谢活性。铝胁迫可造成玉米自交系伤流量减少，且敏感自交系降幅较大。     

分装沟网式膜下环流熏蒸新技术的开发与应用

选用小功率普通离心风机作为环流风机,采用不同规格PVC硬塑料管作为环流管道,合理分设安装于仓库内外,设置粮面沟网作为膜下回流管网,利用地面通风道直接投药进行分装沟网式膜下环流熏蒸,通过三年多试验和改进,该技术不仅熏蒸效果好,而且具有取材容易、安装方便、造价低廉、操作简单、维修便利等优势,是一种安全可靠、简便有效的经济型环流熏蒸技术,特别在经济条件、仓房务件、技术条件不高的广大基层粮管所(库)容易推广使用.     

钢板仓聚氨酯保温效果浅析

采用聚氨酯发泡喷涂技术对钢板仓外表面进行保温隔热处理,之后再喷涂白色乳胶漆作为聚氨酯硬泡体的保护反光层,这种保温技术有效地控制了外温变化对钢板仓的仓温、粮温的影响,延缓仓内粮食品质劣变,保温隔热效果显著,有利于钢板仓储粮保管和储粮安全,促进低温储粮发展。     

Analysis of ultimate load and mechanismsof failure in large cast steel joints

Based on a project of pipe truss roof framing in Chengdu, the ultimate limit state analysis is performed on cast steel joints by using FEM, in which Linear hardening elastic-plastic constitutive model is considered. The results show that, the joint has a great accumulation of plastic strain in ultimate loads, and the point of maximum stress is different from that in elastic with the development of the yielding zone. The paper propoes to use rate-type tensor for the large strain geometric nonlinear problem, shows the criterion of failure formation , and indicates that its essential to apply limit state analysis to the determination of the weakest location on cast steel joint design, which provides basis for understanding the failure modes and failure mechanism of cast steel joint and the cast steel joint design.     

Transverse Seismic Design and Analysis of an H Type Bridge Tower Cable Stayed Bridge

According to our current bridge seismic design codes, the bridge tower is explicitly required to remain almost elastic even under the excitation of occasionally happened earthquake. To achieve this seismic performance objective, usually the steel ratios of tower base and strut are required to satisfy the static loading demand and increase by a large margin as well in most engineering practices which leads to engineering inefficiency as well as a rising seismic demand for the substructure. Therefore, the structural design parameters including the location, the stiffness and the constrain condition of the strut with respect to the tower column of H shape tower were studied to explore their effect on the transverse seismic responses of cable-stayed bridge tower, Moreover, the effect of yield intensity of the strut on the seismic responses of the tower column is also studied. The results show that the location and the stiffness of the strut have a slight effect on the seismic responses while the transverse seismic demands of the bridge tower decrease drastically when the constrain condition between the cross beam and the tower column changes.     

高烈度区斜拉桥横向约束方案优化分析

为了确定强震作用下斜拉桥合理的横向抗震约束体系,以可克达拉大桥为工程背景,采用非线性时程分析法,分析了4种横向约束体系即横向滑动体系、全限位体系、位移相关型减震体系和速度相关型减震体系对强震区大跨度桥梁地震响应的影响,重点对钢阻尼器的屈服荷载和黏滞阻尼器的位置及相关参数进行优化分析,并与其他体系的地震响应进行了对比。结果表明：在强震作用下,对于大跨度桥梁横向滑动体系和全限位体系均不是理想的抗震体系;而在墩梁、塔梁之间设置减隔震装置可以有效减少横桥向的墩梁、塔梁的相对位移及地震剪力和弯矩;然而,从桥梁正常使用的角度来看,塔梁之间布设横向钢阻尼器装置优于黏滞阻尼器装置。     

Properties of Steel Fiber Asphalt Concrete and Its Application

To prevent asphalt pavement from cracking under low temperatures and prolong its fatigue life, we tested the properties of a new type of steel fiber asphalt pavement. The tests evaluated Marshall stability, dynamic ruts, and cleavage strength under both low and normal temperature conditions. We also analyzed the anti-corrosion property of steel fiber and the factors affecting the properties of the steel fiber asphalt mixture. The steel fiber asphalt pavement was installed on a highway in Chongqing, P. R. China to investigate the construction art of the steel fiber asphalt mixture and examine its effect in field use. The test results and concrete use in the field show that the cleavage strength and flexibility of steel fiber asphalt concrete increase due to the action of steel fiber. We conclude that the anti-cracking capacity of asphalt pavement under low temperature conditions can be improved by steel fiber. The construction art of steel fiber asphalt pavement is the same as common asphalt pavement without the necessity of anti-corrosion processing for steel fiber. The research results are useful for pavement material selection in low temperature regions and heavy traffic road pavement designs.     

Analysis on weld metal and element migration of 316L-20G clad pipe

The proliferation of weld and major alloying elements are studied and analyzed by scanning the EDS element of 316L/20G clad pipe weld joint, 316L substrate and 20G steel, and by scanning the electron microscopy and the energy spectrum analysis of 316L-weld zone and 20G steel-weld zone. The results show that the alloying elements in the weld transition layer are diluted by carbon steel, and the carbon atoms spread to the 316L and weld, while alloying elements in the 316L and wire, such as Cr, Ni, penetrate to the carbon steel, but the transition layer plays a good role in isolation, resulting in 316L stainless steel alloy element content is not significantly reduced, maintaining the 316L base metal resistant to corrosion.     

不同中心集风管形式对浅圆仓降温通风效果的模拟研究

在CFD数值模拟技术的基础上，对浅圆仓不同中心集风管形式下的径向通风降温数值模拟结果分析，并进行对比以评判优劣。研究的粮食种类为大豆，数值模拟了四种变径形式的中心集风管顶部，或开孔或不流通，共八种情况的通风条件下，粮堆内部温度分布和气流组织情况，将八种情况下的数值模拟结果对比，分析其通风均匀性和通风降温速率。研究发现，集风管高度与粮面平齐且上粗下细时有较为明显的优越性，通风均匀性较好。研究结果对浅圆仓仓储大豆通风降温方式的选择提供了理论依据。     

The Grey Related Degree Analysis of the Cutting for the Premixed Abrasive Water Jet

The cutting property is studied with the grey theory and method for the premixed abrasive water jet.The relationship between the primary and secondary is obtained about the cutting specific energy influenced by pressure,the standoff distance,the abrasive concentration and transverse velocity.The guidance is provided for further research and pratical application.