莲瓣兰大雪素FT基因克隆和系统发育分析

控制植物开花的途径有光周期现象、GA、春化途径、自主途径,在光周期途径中,CO基因促进开花通过直接上调FT和SOC1基因表达,FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)是光周期途径植物开花时间决定关键基因,并认为FT基因表达产物可能就是长期追寻的开花刺激物质,这种开花刺激物质经过叶片到茎尖的长距离运输,最终引起茎顶端花器官分化的起始.本研究以莲瓣兰大雪素作为实验材料,用RACE方法快速地克隆全长cDNA,生物信息学分析全长eDNA为662 bp,含有编码框和3'UTR,具有完整的开放阅读框(ORF) 522 bp,编码173氨基酸的蛋白质.通过系统发育分析获得一个FT同源基因.本研究为进一步对这个基因的功能研究奠定了基础.     

玉米光周期敏感类Hd6基因的克隆和实时定量表达分析

水稻Hd6基因在调节水稻光周期敏感中起重要作用。本研究以热带玉米自交系CML288为材料, 利用同源基因克隆法结合3¢RACE技术克隆了与水稻Hd6基因同源的玉米类Hd6基因。该基因序列中999 bp的开放阅读框可编码332个氨基酸。BLAST分析发现, 该基因与玉米中编码蛋白激酶CK2的一个基因高度同源, 所推测的氨基酸序列包含2个CK2活性区域, 1个N末端区域, 1个ATP结合位点和1个丝氨酸/ 苏氨酸蛋白质激酶活性位点,与玉米、小麦、水稻和拟南芥的CK2氨基酸序列也有较高的同源性。建立了SYBR GREEN法实时荧光定量RT-PCR表达分析系统, 研究了不同光周期处理下类Hd6基因在光周期敏感自交系CML288茎尖和叶片中的表达。结果发现, 该基因在茎尖和叶片中均有表达。在短日条件下, 该基因在6~8叶期茎尖中的表达量存在明显差异, 在光周期敏感的7叶期出现表达高峰, 在叶片中的表达量均低于茎尖。在长日条件下, 该基因在茎尖中6叶期表达量较低, 在光周期敏感的9叶期在叶片中高量表达。由此可推测, 该基因与玉米光周期敏感密切相关, 可能在光周期敏感调节过程中发挥一定的作用。     

大麻FT同源基因CsHd3a的克隆及表达谱分析

为探究FT基因在大麻光周期途径中调控开花的作用,从工业大麻品种庆麻1号(Q1)中使用PCR技术克隆了FT同源基因cDNA序列,命名为CsHd3a.利用生物信息方法对该基因序列特征进行了分析,并使用实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)技术研究其组织特异性表达模式.选取了晚花品种云麻7号(Y7)与早花品种Q1使用qRT-PCR技...     

鲤鱼TLR8基因的克隆及组织表达

为获得鲤鱼TLR8基因序列,并明确其在不同组织的表达情况。通过RT-RCR方法克隆了鲤鱼TLR8基因序列,利用荧光定量PCR分析了TLR8 基因的表达特征。结果表明：所得鲤鱼TLR8基因序列1349bp,开放阅读框（ORF）序列1113bp,GeneBank登陆号为KT886923。另外,该克隆序列与金钱鲃、斑马鱼的序列同源性分别达到91%、82%,但与人和鼠等哺乳动物的序列同源性却很低。表达分析显示,TLR8基因在所有被检测的鲤鱼组织中均表达,尤其是在肠道和脾脏中的表达水平显著高于其它组织（p＜0.05）。总之,本研究成功获得了鲤鱼TLR8基因序列,证明其在肠道、脾脏和皮肤中的特异性表达,为进一步研究TLR8基因在鲤鱼免疫应答中的作用提供了基础。     

鲤鱼TLR8基因的克隆及其组织表达谱分析

为获得鲤鱼TLR8基因序列,并明确其在不同组织的表达情况,通过RT-RCR方法克隆了鲤鱼TLR8基因序列,利用荧光定量PCR分析了TLR8基因的表达特征。结果表明:所得鲤鱼TLR8基因序列1349 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)序列1113 bp,Gen Bank登录号为KT886923。另外,该克隆序列与金钱鲃、斑马鱼的序列同源性分别达到91%、82%,但与人和鼠等哺乳动物的序列同源性却很低。表达分析显示,TLR8基因在所有被检测的鲤鱼组织中均表达,尤其是在肠道和脾脏中的表达水平显著高于其他组织(P0.05)。本研究成功获得了鲤鱼TLR8基因序列,证明其在肠道、脾脏和皮肤中的特异性表达,为进一步研究TLR8基因在鲤鱼免疫应答中的作用提供了基础。     

金柑开花关键基因FcFT1的克隆及表达分析

本研究以融安金柑为试材,采用同源克隆技术获得成花素基因Fc FT1全长序列,并对该基因的生物信息学和遗传进化关系进行了分析。利用q RT-PCR技术,分析了Fc FT1在花发育期间不同花器官、不同组织,以及日周期中Fc FT1在花、茎、叶的表达情况。结果表明:Fc FT1基因完整开放阅读框为531 bp,编码177个氨基酸。Fc FT1编码的蛋白具有单一而非常保守的PEBP结构域;蛋白质结构比较不稳定,为亲水蛋白。系统进化树表明Fc FT1与甜橙、温州蜜柑和枳壳中的FT同源基因亲缘关系最近。q RT-PCR结果显示,在花发育期,花药中Fc FT1表达量最高;日周期变化中,Fc FT1在花、茎、叶中的平均表达量差距不显著,表达较稳定。本研究结果为进一步揭示FT基因在金柑开花调控中的功能奠定了基础。     

浙贝母ACO基因克隆、表达及生物信息学分析

本研究利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆出浙贝母1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶(1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylateoxidase, ACO)基因全长,对该基因进行生物信息学分析,并以‘浙贝3号’浙贝母花败期根、茎、叶及幼苗期至成熟期鳞茎为材料,采用RT-qPCR测定ACO基因在浙贝母中的时空表达。成功克隆得到的序列全长1 185 bp,开放阅读框为951 bp,编码317个氨基酸;浙贝母ACO氨基酸序列与同属百合科的麝香百合相似性最高,为95.21%。浙贝母不同部位ACO基因表达量依次为茎>根>叶>鳞茎,在鳞茎发育过程中ACO基因表达量逐渐增高,并在成熟期达到最高,比幼苗期提高了193.2%。     

铁皮石斛DoSAMDC-like基因的克隆及原核表达

本研究从药用植物铁皮石斛中克隆得到S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶(S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase)基因(DoSAMDC-like)并进行序列分析和原核表达。SAMDC基因家族具有多个成员,本研究采用同源克隆的方法对铁皮石斛中尚未报道的新成员DoSAMDC-like基因进行克隆,并与拟南芥SAMDC基因家族成员和铁皮石斛基因组注释序列进行比对分析、蛋白质特征及原核表达等分析。基因序列分析表明,DoSAMDC-like基因编码区全长1104 bp,推测编码368个氨基酸,氨基酸序列具有SAM_decarbox超家族共同的保守结构域。多序列比对及进化树结果表明,克隆获得的DoSAMDC-like基因序列对应于基因组测序注释的XM_020825443.2序列,一致性为99.55%,与铁皮石斛SAMDC1基因一致性为80.16%。异源表达结果表明,DoSAMDC-like基因受IPTG诱导,蛋白分子量约为47 kD。DoSAMDC-like基因的克隆和原核表达,可为参与铁皮石斛多胺代谢、生物碱合成相关基因的蛋白质生化活性等研究提供了帮助。     

川西獐牙菜SmC4H基因的生物信息学分析和表达分析

由Sm C4H基因编码的肉桂酸-4-羟基化酶是川西獐牙菜苯丙烷途径的关键酶。本研究从川西獐牙菜的转录组数据中获得了SmC4H基因的全长cDNA序列,通过RT-PCR进行该基因的克隆鉴定,利用生物信息学软件对该基因进行预测分析,并通过RT-qPCR检测该基因的组织表达差异和不同胁迫处理条件下的表达情况。生物信息学分析结果显示SmC4H基因c DNA全长1 518 bp,编码505个氨基酸,相对分子质量为51.83 kD,为亲水性较强的不稳定蛋白,二级结构由47.52%α-螺旋、14.06%延伸链、4.95%β-转角和33.47%无规则卷曲构成,预测该蛋白可能不具有跨膜结构,不含有信号肽,属于p450超家族。SmC4H蛋白的相似性与其他植物的C4H蛋白较高,其中与美女樱(Glandularia×hybrida)的相似性最高。RT-qPCR结果显示,SmC4H基因在根、茎、花、叶中均有表达,表达量根>茎>花>叶,硝普钠(SNP)、赤霉素(GA3)和脱落(ABA)在一定程度上能使SmC4H基因的表达上调。此结果为进一步研究该基因在川西獐牙菜苯丙烷途径中的功能和通过基因工程手段...     

大豆CML38-like基因的克隆及表达载体构建

类钙调蛋白(CaM-likeprotein,CML)在植物抵抗逆境中发挥了重要的作用,因此研究CML基因是植物抗逆分子育种的一个重要分子基础。本实验室在前期工作中筛选得到1个片段大小为264 bp的大豆CML基因,对该基因序列设计特异性引物,利用PCR技术对该基因进行扩增,并获得大小为264 bp的片段,利用无缝克隆技术连接到pMD18T载体上,获得克隆载体。通过对该基因的核苷酸序列分析,在NCBI上发现该基因序列与大豆Calcium-binding protein(CML38-like)基因序列相似度为98.53%。目前对CML38-like基因的功能还未见报道,本研究根据克隆测序得到的基因序列构建系统进化树并分析,随后对该基因的蛋白质二级结构和蛋白质三级结构进行预测,发现该基因可能对大豆抗旱有着一定的影响。最后通过克隆载体构建CML38-like基因的过表达载体以及RNA干扰表达载体。本研究为鉴定大豆CML38-like基因的功能和了解该基因对大豆的非生物胁迫反应的影响提供了理论依据。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...