单氰胺对温室甜樱桃休眠解除的影响

试验以温室栽培的红灯、美早和早大果3个甜樱桃品种为试材,研究了单氰胺对甜樱桃离体休眠芽休眠解除的影响及喷施单氰胺对树体萌芽及开花的影响。结果表明,涂抹2%单氰胺后,红灯离体休眠芽比对照可以提前10d解除休眠,而美早和早大果解除休眠的时间与对照相同。温室升温时喷施1%单氰胺可使树体的萌芽时间提前12-16d,开花时间提前15-17d,并且提高了树体的萌芽整齐度和开花整齐度。     

寒亭区主要甜樱桃品种果实品质比较研究

作者以当地种植合作社主栽的8个甜樱桃品种‘红灯’‘美早’‘布鲁克斯’‘萨米脱’‘黄蜜’‘先锋’‘雷尼’‘拉宾斯’为试验材料,分析测定其单果重、硬度、可食率、出汁率、可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量、总糖含量、维生素C含量及固酸比9项指标。结果表明,8个甜樱桃品种均能在寒亭区开花结实,且坐果率高,果实品质好,产量高,经济效益好。各品种之间果实品质存在差异:单果重,‘萨米脱’‘美早’表现突出,‘先锋’‘拉宾斯’果较小;可食率,‘萨米脱’‘美早’‘布鲁克斯’‘雷尼’‘红灯’均表现突出,‘黄蜜’最低;出汁率,‘美早’‘红灯’‘萨米脱’‘黄蜜’‘雷尼’均表现突出,‘布鲁克斯’最低;果实硬度,‘布鲁克斯’‘先锋’‘美早’高,‘雷尼’‘黄蜜’低;可溶性固形物含量,‘美早’‘红灯’‘萨米脱’高,‘雷尼’‘黄蜜’低。供试的8个甜樱桃品种均表现较好,可在寒亭区种植,‘美早’‘红灯’‘萨米脱’综合性状表现好于其他品种,可重点推广;‘先锋’综合表现略差,‘布鲁克斯’裂果较明显,不建议扩大推广。     

甜樱桃休眠期日光温室温度调控试验

在甜樱桃自然休眠阶段，即使给予适宜的温度、湿度与光照，甜樱桃也不能正常萌芽、开花，只有通过一定量的适宜低温，才能解除休眠，低温量不足时，萌芽、开花晚，花期不整齐。因此，解除自然休眠早晚是决定温室栽培甜樱桃升温时期的重要因素。为使温室栽培甜樱桃尽早通过自然休眠，日光温室扣棚初期，利用温室设施降低温室内的温度，可促使甜樱桃提前解除自然休眠，提早开花，从而使果实提早成熟上市。此项技术在我国甜樱桃保护地生产中已得到广泛的应用。但以往的文献多为日光温室栽培的综合技术研究，较少涉及在自然休眠期温室调控温度对解除甜樱桃自然休眠效果的调查分析。为此，     

四倍体甜樱桃矮化砧木新品种‘矮杰’

甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木‘矮杰’（原代号LBS）是从‘吉塞拉6’（Prunus cerasus × P. canescens）六倍体的实生后代中选育出,与绝大多数甜樱桃品种嫁接亲和性良好,嫁接口光滑,无大小脚现象,平均嫁接成活率87.3%。以其为砧木嫁接的甜樱桃‘萨米脱’定植翌年始花,4年丰产,比乔化砧嫁接树早丰产3 ~ 5年。以‘矮杰’为砧木的‘萨米脱’甜樱桃定植后4年,其分枝数量、树高、干周和冠径均大于‘吉塞拉6’砧的‘萨米脱’,平均株产高24.3%。     

上海地区使用单氰胺打破甜樱桃休眠的效果

通过对上海栽培的早红宝石甜樱桃进行喷施2%单氰胺、遮阴和2%单氰胺+遮阴等3种打破休眠措施比较,发现喷施2%单氰胺对打破休眠和提高着果率最有效,与对照(空白)相比能提前萌芽5天,花期持续时间明显缩短,着果率达到20%。对早红宝石进行单氰胺处理后,单叶面积增大,单位新梢叶面积相应增加,着果率提高了18.8个百分点,发育正常子房的比例由12%提高到58%。单氰胺处理先锋品种,显著增加了果实可溶性固形物含量,提高了糖酸比,明显改善了品质,但对果实硬度和大小无显著影响。     

甜樱桃果实成熟过程中糖累积与品质形成研究

【目的】探明甜樱桃成熟过程中糖积累和品质形成的规律。【方法】以‘雷尼’和‘先锋’甜樱桃为试材,研究了果实成熟过程中可溶性糖以及硬度、果柄拉力、可滴定酸、总酚、抗坏血酸等品质的变化规律。【结果】甜樱桃果实中可溶性糖以葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇为主。随着甜樱桃果实的成熟,其葡萄糖、果糖、山梨醇、可溶性固形物含量和糖固比例不断升高。‘雷尼’和‘先锋’樱桃的3种可溶性糖分别在成熟期3和成熟期5迅速积累,然后缓慢增加。果实的硬度和果柄拉力均随果实的成熟不断降低,总酚含量均在成熟期3时急速降低,之后趋于平稳。2个樱桃品种的可滴定酸、抗坏血酸含量和固酸比总体呈升高趋势,其中,‘雷尼’可滴定酸含量和固酸比在成熟期2之后趋于平稳。完熟期时‘雷尼’樱桃的可滴定酸含量和‘先锋’樱桃的抗坏血酸含量有所降低。2个樱桃品种的硬度、果柄拉力、可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、山梨醇6个指标之间均呈显著相关性。【结论】甜樱桃果实在成熟过程中糖含量呈上升趋势,成熟期3和成熟期5分别是‘雷尼’和‘先锋’樱桃糖积累的关键期,果实硬度、果柄拉力和总酚含量呈下降趋势,其他品质指标变化不一致。     

叶面喷施硒对甜樱桃硒和重金属含量及果实品质的影响

【目的】探讨叶面施用外源硒对甜樱桃叶片、果实中的硒及有害重金属含量、部分生化指标、果实品质的影响,以期为富硒甜樱桃的生产提供理论依据。【方法】以‘美早’甜樱桃为试材,选取亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)溶液为硒源,设置0、5、10、20和40 mg·L-1等5个质量浓度水平,于落花后喷施叶片,1周后再喷施1次。【结果】甜樱桃果实和叶片中的硒含量随施硒浓度的增加而递增,重金属镉和铅的含量均有不同程度的降低。叶面喷硒可显著提高甜樱桃叶片和果实中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的酶活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)的活性,减少脯氨酸(Pro)的积累。果实维生素C含量增加、可滴定酸含量降低、果实品质改善。【结论】叶面施硒可以提高甜樱桃果实品质,降低部分重金属的含量。     

甜樱桃在拉萨露地的物候期和果实品质研究

为筛选适宜在高海拔地区推广的甜樱桃品种，本试验以‘赛尔维亚’‘宇宙’‘秦樱1号’‘吉美’‘先锋’‘拉宾斯’‘萨米脱’‘艳阳’8个甜樱桃品种为材料，研究对8个不同品种甜樱桃物候期和果实品质。结果表明，‘塞尔维亚’‘艳阳’综合表现最优异，果肉酸甜适中，单果质量较大，可食率较高，营养成含量较高；其他6个品种均能在拉萨露地完成整个生活史，为高海拔地区甜樱桃品种的选择提供理论参考。     

浙江高海拔山区甜樱桃引种栽培初报

2013年以5个3年生甜樱桃品种为试材,在浙江省临安市高海拔山区进行引种试栽。结果表明,所引进试栽的5个甜樱桃品种,2014年和2015年均能正常生长、开花结果,单株产量以‘早大果’‘红灯’‘布鲁克斯’和‘萨米脱’较高,平均单株产量均在10 kg左右,具有明显的经济产量。综合来看,在浙江省临安市高海拔山区引种栽培甜樱桃较为适宜。     

果树破眠剂在日光温室甜樱桃栽培的应用试验

在日光温室甜樱桃栽培的生产中,升温前1周内,应用含50%单氰胺的果树破眠剂2号喷布甜樱桃枝条。结果表明,应用果树破眠剂2号60倍液催芽,可提前萌芽10～16d,果实成熟提早9～15d,并且使甜樱桃开花整齐,花期集中,使果实成熟均匀。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。