不同猕猴桃品种果实发育过程中总酚和类黄酮含量及抗氧化活性的动态变化

【目的】探讨不同猕猴桃品种果实发育过程中总酚、类黄酮含量及抗氧化活性的动态变化差异。【方法】以江西主栽的美味猕猴桃'金魁’和中华猕猴桃'红阳’以及本课题组自主选育的毛花猕猴桃'赣猕6号’为试材,对果实生长发育过程中总酚、类黄酮含量和FRAP抗氧化能力、清除羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)的能力进行检测分析。【结果】3个猕猴桃品种果实总酚和类黄酮含量在果实生长发育过程中大体呈现由高到低的变化趋势;但不同品种其含量差异显著,尤其'赣猕6号’总酚含量高于其他两个品种十几倍。对抗氧化活性检测发现',赣猕6号’比其他两个品种具有较强的FRAP抗氧化能力和清除超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)能力。相关性分析显示',赣猕6号’清除·OH和·O2-能力与总酚、类黄酮含量存在极显著或显著相关性',金魁’FRAP抗氧化能力与总酚、类黄酮含量存在极显著和显著相关性,而'红阳’FRAP抗氧化能力、清除DPPH·能力分别与总酚、类黄酮含量存在显著和极显著相关性。【结论】猕猴桃果实含有丰富的酚类物质,随着果实的生长发育呈现逐渐降低的趋势。猕猴桃抗氧化能力与总酚、类黄酮含量呈显著正相关。毛花猕猴桃'赣猕6号’比美味猕猴桃'金魁’和中华猕猴桃'红阳’具有更高含量的酚类物质和更强的抗氧化能力。本试验为猕猴桃优良品种的推广、野生资源发掘、新品种选育、天然抗氧化保健药物以及功能性食品的开发奠定了基础。     

35个荔枝品种抗氧化活性评价

【目的】综合评价荔枝种质资源功能性品质并为抗氧化活性种质筛选提供理论依据。【方法】比较35个荔枝品种成熟果实果肉中多酚、黄酮、维生素C含量,从铁离子还原能力(FRAP)、二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)清除能力、氧化自由基吸收能力(ORAC)三个方面分析各品种抗氧化能力差异,并采用相关性分析、聚类分析对各品种的抗氧化能力进行相关性比较和分类。【结果】(1)不同荔枝品种间多酚、黄酮、维生素C含量存在显著差异(p 0.01),其酚类物质主要以游离态形式存在,游离酚、结合酚和总酚含量分别为64.92～173.64、2.01～23.45、69.74～186.22 mg·100 g~(-1),游离态酚含量占总酚含量的81.5%～97.76%;总黄酮含量介于73.44～331.52 mg·100 g~(-1);维生素C含量介于6.00～56.33mg·100 g~(-1);不同荔枝品种间DPPH清除能力介于71.78%～99.61%,FRAP介于1.18～10.10μmol·g~(-1),ORAC介于0.97～39.72μmol·g~(-1)。(2)荔枝果肉中游离多酚、总酚、总黄酮含量与FRAP、ORAC值均呈极显著正相关(p 0.01),维生素C含量与FRAP呈显著正相关(p 0.05);依据相关系数大小排列:游离多酚总酚总黄酮ORACFRAP结合多酚维生素CDPPH清除能力;(3)聚类分析依据功能性物质含量及抗氧化活性高低将35个荔枝品种分为4大类。【结论】不同荔枝品种间抗氧化能力存在显著差异(p 0.01),多酚、黄酮类物质是荔枝果肉发挥抗氧化作用的重要物质‘;妃子笑‘’绿纱‘’红绣球‘’井冈红糯‘’岭丰糯‘’金包银‘’状元红’是一类多酚、黄酮物质含量高,抗氧化活性强的品种。     

4个大果沙枣品种抗氧化活性及其成分含量比较分析

以生长在不同地域皀4个大果沙枣品种皀果实为试材,研究其抗氧化活性及不同抗氧化活性成分含量之间皀差异和相兲性。结果表明:4个大果沙枣品种ABTS·+自由基皀清除活性、DPPH自由基皀清除活性、铁氧化还原能力(FRAP)具有显著性差异,‘八卦沙枣’和‘牛奶头沙枣’皀抗氧化活性最高;4个大果沙枣品种之间鞣质、总酚、游离酚、结合酚、黄酮含量均有显著性差异,其中‘大白沙枣’皀总酚、结合酚含量均显著高于其他品种,‘八卦沙枣’皀黄酮含量显著高于其他品种;DPPH、ABTS、FRAP 3个抗氧化测定方法测定4个大果沙枣品种皀抗氧化活性具有显著或极显著相兲性;黄酮含量可作为判断大果沙枣抗氧化活性强弱皀指标。     

蓝莓果实发育过程中品质的动态变化

以‘粉蓝’为试材,对果实发育过程中品质变化规律进行分析,为蓝莓品质调控提供理论依据。结果表明,随着果实的生长发育,果实可滴定酸含量先增加后下降,可溶性糖含量显著增加,糖酸比在波动中显著增加;果实原花青素、花色苷含量从盛花后60d开始显著增加;总酚和类黄酮含量整体呈下降趋势,发育后期略有上升;原花青素、花色苷含量与可溶性总糖含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.98**,r=0.89**)。     

土壤覆盖提高越橘抗氧化成分含量效应与抗氧化能力分析

【目的】为了探明土壤覆盖对越橘果实抗氧化成分含量和抗氧化能力的影响,【方法】以南高丛越橘品种‘奥尼尔’(O'Neal)和兔眼越橘品种‘杰兔’(Premier)为试材,设置透湿性反光膜、秸秆和对照3种处理,测定越橘整个发育期间果实花青苷、总酚、类黄酮的含量和抗氧化活性变化。【结果】结果表明,透湿性反光膜覆盖处理可显著提高果实花色苷含量,其中‘奥尼尔’品种果实总花色苷含量分别高于对照和秸秆覆盖处理20%和9%,‘杰兔’品种总花色苷含量分别高于对照和秸秆覆盖处理29%和19.6%。‘杰兔’果实的总酚和类黄酮含量均高于‘奥尼尔’,而透湿性反光膜和秸秆覆盖处理的2个品种的总酚和类黄酮含量均高于对照。果实抗氧化能力检测采用TEAC、FRAP和DPPH3种方法,其测定结果一致。透湿性反光膜覆盖处理的果实抗氧化能力最强,秸秆处理的果实抗氧化能力大于对照,其中透湿性反光膜处理的‘奥尼尔’果实DPPH值高于对照3%,而秸秆处理略高于对照;‘杰兔’果实全蓝时,透湿性反光膜、秸秆处理的DPPH值、TEAC值都高于对照,而FRAP值分别高于对照21%和12%。【结论】土壤覆盖可有效提高越橘果实抗氧化活性成分含量和抗氧化能力。     

不同品种杏果实发育进程中多酚与类黄酮物质含量的变化

以成熟期和果实呈色不同的2个杏品种“青密沙”杏和“骆驼黄”杏为试材,采用常规方法对果实与果皮中的总酚、总类黄酮与花色苷含量分别进行了测定,以期揭示杏果实发育进程中多酚与类黄酮类物质的累积规律.结果表明:杏果皮和果肉中的总酚和总类黄酮含量均是在果实发育前期即果实第1迅速生长期呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而果实发育进入硬核期以后,这2种次生代谢物质的含量即开始逐渐降低,至商熟期又有所升高.花色苷含量则是随着果实的发育成熟而逐渐增加.“骆驼黄”杏果肉和果皮中的总酚与总类黄酮均明显高于相应的“青密沙”杏.在果实发育的任何阶段,无论是总酚、总类黄酮还是花色苷,2个杏品种果皮中的含量均明显高于果肉.由此可见,杏果实中的多酚与类黄酮类物质含量与品种、发育时期和组织部位有明显的相关性.     

不同石榴品种果皮褐变及其相关酶活性分析

【目的】探讨不同石榴品种成熟期果皮褐变及其相关酶活性、总酚含量和抗氧化能力的差异及相关关系,以期为石榴种质创新和产业发展提供理论依据。【方法】以我国20个主栽石榴品种为试材,测定其成熟期果皮褐变度,PPO、POD、PAL活性,总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除率。【结果】石榴品种间果皮褐变及其相关酶活性、总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除率存在不同的差异。‘水晶甜’果皮褐变度,PPO、POD活性,总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除率均最高,‘太行红’PAL活性最高。相关性分析表明,褐变度与PPO、POD、PAL、总酚和DPPH自由基清除率均呈极显著正相关关系。PPO、POD、PAL、总酚和DPPH自由基清除率间互为极显著正相关关系。主成分分析表明,‘泰山金红’抗褐变能力最强,‘水晶甜’抗褐变能力最低。【结论】不同石榴品种果皮褐变及其相关酶活性、总酚和DPPH自由基清除率存在不同的差异性和相关性。果皮总酚含量与其抗氧化能力密切相关。PPO是影响石榴果皮褐变的主导酶类,PAL和POD也不同程度地影响果皮褐变。‘泰山金红’‘胭脂红’和‘临选2号’是抗褐变的品种,值得开发利用。     

不同原产地杏种质果实糖酸组分含量特点的研究

作者对91份杏品种（华东地区11份、华北地区25份、西北地区18份、西南地区12份、东北地区13份、中南地区3份,欧洲3份,美洲3份,大洋洲2份,朝鲜1份）的果实糖酸组分含量进行了研究。结果表明,杏果实中可溶性糖和有机酸主要是蔗糖和苹果酸,约占总可溶性糖的74％和总有机酸的66％：果实中葡萄糖含量高于果糖;华东地区品种果实蔗糖平均含量较高,朝鲜品种则较低：美洲品种果实葡萄糖和果糖平均含量均较高,朝鲜品种则较低;中南地区品种果实苹果酸和总酸平均含量均显著高于其他原产区。另外,果实蔗糖含量与总糖、山梨糖醇含量均呈极显著正相关,葡萄糖和果糖含量与山梨糖醇和总糖含量均呈极显著正相关,葡萄糖含量与果糖含量呈极显著正相关,山梨糖醇含量与总糖含量呈极显著正相关;苹果酸含量与总酸含量呈显著正相关,苹果酸含量与柠檬酸含量呈极显著负相关,柠檬酸含量与奎宁酸含量呈显著正相关,总酸含量与苹果酸和奎宁酸含量呈显著正相关。     

新疆17个杏品种的抗氧化指标与总酚含量的测定

为了研究新疆杏的遗传多样性,寻找抗氧化能力较强的功能性杏品种,为保护利用杏资源提供基础,试验采用铁离子还原法(FRAP)、二苯代苦味酰基自由基法(DPPH.)清除法和邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法3种方法从总抗氧化能力、DPPH.自由基清除能力和羟基自由基清除能力的角度测评了不同杏品种的抗氧化活性;用Folin-Ciocalteau法测定总酚含量。3种抗氧化指标显示:17个参试杏品种都具有强抗氧化性,并且大多数品种间差异显著,其中骆驼黄和奎克皮曼的抗氧化能力最强,不同品种间的总酚含量差异较大,变化值为1554.47μg/g,最大含量是最小含量的6.05倍,其中骆驼黄的总酚含量最高为1862.18μg/g,黑叶杏的总酚含量最低为307.71μg/g。各种抗氧化指标与总酚含量呈显著正相关,多酚类物质应该是其抗氧化的主要物质基础。     

李品种资源果实抗氧化活性分析

【目的】为李种质资源功能物质的科学评价与高抗氧化活性种质筛选提供基础数据。【方法】对李7个主要种和5份李杏杂交种等59份代表种质的清除DPPH自由基能力、清除ABTS自由基能力、还原Fe~(3+)能力(FRAP)和总酚含量进行检测。【结果】供试品种的抗氧化活性和总酚含量变异丰富,果实抗氧化活性与总酚含量呈显著相关,且不同种间或类型间存在显著差异。其中,美洲李(P. americana)的抗氧化活性和总酚含量显著高于其他种,栽培欧洲李(P.domesitica)的抗氧化活性和总酚含量最低。不同颜色李品种抗氧化活性和多酚含量差异不显著。抗氧化活性和总酚含量均值最大的是红色和紫红色品种,最低的是绿色品种。抗氧化活性和总酚含量较高的中国李品种有‘美丽李‘’奎丽‘’蜜李‘’紫玉’和‘绥李3号’。【结论】李种质间抗氧化活性和总酚含量变异非常丰富;不同种或果实着色的李种质抗氧化活性存在一定的差异。     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

江汉平原麦瓜棉菜一年四熟栽培技术

江汉平原是国家优质粮食、优质棉花和双低油菜重要生产基地,也是湖北省西瓜主产区。种植西瓜对增加农民收入、丰富市场、发展农村经济、提高土地利用率具有重要作用。江汉平原西瓜生产的突出特点是间作套种,早在20世纪70年代就推广了“麦／／瓜-稻”这种水旱、粮经作物配套种植的优化模式．并获得原荆州地区科技进步二等奖。由于西瓜间作套种提高了单位面积的经济效益、     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

中国''''99昆明世界园艺博览会蔬菜瓜果园

蔬菜瓜果园作为中国’99昆明世界园艺博览会六大专题展园之一 ,占地 4 90 0ｍ2 。园内以农舍草屋为中心 ,通过瓜架、篱笆、草亭及蔬菜瓜果栽培 ,构出一幅农家乐园式的田园风光。另外 ,通过集中展示中国蔬菜瓜果的科技生产水平 ,丰富的资源优势 ,色彩缤纷、新奇别致的蔬菜瓜果品种 ,来突出本次世博会的主题“人与自然 ,和谐发展———迈向 2 1世纪” ,从而展现“蔬菜瓜果园艺是人类赖以生存的重要食源和艺术”为主题思想的蔬菜瓜果园内涵。　　蔬菜瓜果园位于世博园主入口世博大道南侧 ,与盆景园、药草园相邻。在总体布局、栽培上充分运用园…     

Some responses of cucumber,grown in beds of peat,to N,K and Mg

Two levels of N and four levels of K, applied to beds of sphagnum peat before planting (Experiment A), were tested in factorial combination with three concentrations of N (50, 175 and 300 mg 1^-1) and two of K (50 and 250 mg T1) in the liquid feed. In three cucumber crops grown, Mg was supplied or omitted before planting as a split plot factor (96 subplots). In two further crops (Experiment B), grown in fresh peat, six concentrations of N (20-320 mg 1^-1) were tested in the liquid feed, all other nutrient levels being constant. In Experiment A, the early yield was reduced by low and high levels of N. The main effect of N on the final yield was not significant, but maximum yield was achieved with 175-300 mg 1^-1 N in the liquid feed where the peat received a small amount of ureaformaldehyde (15 g m“2) and Mg fertilizer. The N x Mg interaction became increasingly marked with successive crops; the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<31%) increased with the amount of N applied. K deficiency reduced the yield by up to 66%, and very high levels of K also tended to decrease the yield. The K x Mg interaction became more marked with time and the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<23%) increased with the amount of K applied. Leaves from N, K and Mg deficient plants contained <2.5% N, <1.0% K and <0.28% Mg respectively. In Experiment B, where N was supplied only in the liquid feed, the highest yield was obtained at 220 mg 1^-1. The relation between yield and the total amount of N supplied in the feed was defined by a quadratic regression.     

盆景果树的发展、特点及价值

盆景果树集"艺术欣赏与果实享用"于一身。文章重点阐述盆景果树的定义、发展史与现状、分类与特点、文化和经济的双重价值等内容。     

早熟优质迷你西瓜品种玲珑王的选育

玲珑王是杂交一代西瓜新品种,早熟,全生育期100 d,果实发育期28 d.植株长势中强,低温弱光条件下坐果性好,果实商品率较高.果实椭圆形,果彤指数1.28.果皮绿底覆深绿色窄条带,皮厚约5 mm,果肉鲜红色,中心折光糖含量11.7%,肉质细脆,汁多纤维少,口感风味好.抗病性、抗逆性较强.单瓜质量1.5 kg,1 hm2产量达到33 000～58 500 kg.