设施葡萄改良式V形篱架栽培模式

果树设施栽培是指利用温室、塑料大棚或其它设施,通过改变或控制果树生长发育的环境条件,达到果品生产目标的人工调节.葡萄是最适合设施栽培的果树[1].     

辽阳温室甜樱桃根域限制速成栽培技术研究

目前,设施甜樱桃栽培的经济效益居设施农业之首,666.7m2纯收入可达5万～8万元,管理水平较高的温室收入可达10万元以上。但发展速度较慢,究其原因,一是甜樱桃幼树进入结果期和达丰产期晚．需5～7年,不能像桃和葡萄那样,栽当年生苗第2年就丰产;二是该树种抗寒性差,辽阳地区露地不能培养结果幼树,因而无结果大树资源,南树北移运输成本又太高;三是甜樱桃属于北方落叶乔木果树,树体高大,常规管理的树需要有一定高度的温室才能进行栽培;四是栽培技术落后。     

大庆市温室葡萄-草莓套种高效栽培模式

针对大庆地区葡萄栽培面积发展过快、效益下降的现状,为了提高温室生产效益,探索出葡萄-草莓套种高效栽培新模式。该研究对该模式的关键技术进行了总结,对效益进行了分析。结果表明:该模式适合东北高寒地区温室生产,具有很大的推广价值。     

不同栽培模式对鄞红葡萄的影响

以鄞红葡萄为试验材料,比较根域限制"王"字形树形、根域限制"一"字形树形、常规"一"字形树形3种栽培模式对鄞红葡萄的影响.结果表明,根域限制可以提早鄞红葡萄的物候期,萌芽时间提早5 d,根域限制"王"字形树形成熟期最早,分别比根域限制"一"字形树形和常规"一"字形树形提早3 d和8 d.根域限制的鄞红葡萄萌芽率显著低于...     

Flavonol and phenolic acid composition of sweet cherries (cv. Lapins) produced on six different vegetative rootstocks

The effect of rootstock (‘MaxMa 14’, ‘Weiroot 13’, ‘PiKu 1’, ‘Weiroot 158’, ‘Gisela 5’ and ‘F12/1’) on phenolic acid and flavonol content of “Lapins” sweet cherry was investigated. Phenolic acids and flavonols were isolated from sweet cherries and analyzed by using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The major phenolic acids in sweet cherries were neochlorogenic acid (18–50 mg kg⁻¹), chlorogenic acid (19–62 mg kg⁻¹) and p-coumaric acid derivatives (15–125 mg kg⁻¹). The amount of flavonol quercetin-3-rutinoside (8–37 mg kg⁻¹) was significant as well. There are significant variations in the phenolic compound content among sweet cherry fruits grown on trees grafted on different vegetative rootstocks. The significantly higher chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric derivative and quercetin-3-rutinoside contents were found in sweet cherry fruits grown on trees grafted on ‘Weiroot 13’ and ‘PiKu 1’ rootstocks. Sweet cherries produced on trees grafted on other rootstocks had significantly lower phenolic compound content.     

Long-term effects of (2RS, 3RS)-paclobutrazol on vegetative and fruiting characteristics of sweet cherry spurs

The long-term effects of an overall foliar paclobutrazol application (750 mg a. i. per tree) was tested on sweet cherry spur growth and fruiting. Leaves and fruits were counted on spurs situated on long upright shoots, during the year of treatment and in the following two years. Paclobutrazol significantly increased the mean number of leaves per spur during the three year study. It also significantly increased the number of fruits per spur on three year old spurs, whereas no differences were observed on two year old spurs. Furthermore, the chemical treatment led to a significant increase in the number of fruits per corymb at the base of one year old long shoots. Otherwise, paclobutrazol appeared to induce spur ramification in the year of treatment. The same year, these ramifications, which did not bear fruits, accounted for 16.5% of the total number of spur leaves. This phenomenon was probably due to a direct action of the chemical spray since almost no new ramifications were produced the following years. In addition to the known retardation of extension shoot growth, foliar application of paclobutrazol thus appeared effectively to enhance leaf and fruit production of the spurs, not only in the year of treatment but also during the two following years.     

Micrografting speeds growth and fruiting of protoplast- derived clones of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

Protoplast-derived shoots (protoclones) of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) were cleft grafted directly from in vitro conditions onto mature rootstocks under field conditions on several different dates from June to August in 1987 and 1988. Shoots were taken from culture vessels, prepared for a cleft graft, placed in a cleft on a rootstock, covered with a glass culture tube and sealed with cotton fibres. Other plants were self-rooted in vitro and planted in the field to compare the growth rates and maturity rates of the two plant types.     

不同光质对丰香草莓生长发育的影响

研究了相同光强下不同光质对丰香草莓生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同光质膜处理对草莓的生长结果、干物质分配和果实品质均有影响。与中性膜相比,绿膜和红膜下草莓植株的叶柄长度和叶面积显著增加,而蓝膜的叶柄长度和叶面积明显较低。光质不同也影响草莓干物质的分配,干物质向叶片和叶柄分配比例绿膜最高,蓝膜最低,其它膜之间相近。而干物质向果实、冠状茎和根系中的分配比例均以蓝膜最高,其次为红膜,绿膜最低,黄膜与中性膜相近。红膜下生长的草莓,产量最高、果实最大;蓝膜下可溶性固形物含量、抗坏血酸含量和固酸比最高;而绿膜下则产量最低、果实最小、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比最低。抗坏血酸含量的高低与不同膜中的紫外和蓝紫光的比例一致,与红光/蓝光比值相反。     

Effects of floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry

During 2003 and 2005, plant growth promoting effects of Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 were tested alone or combinations on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. 0900 Ziraat in terms of yield, growth, nutrient composition of leaves in the province of Konya, Turkey. The presence of Pseudomonas BA-8, Bacillus OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increase. Floral and foliar applications of BA-8, OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 in sweet cherry significantly increased yield per trunk cross-sectional area (16.3, 10.9 and 21.7%), fruit weight (4.15, 5.37 and 1.24%) and shoot length (11.3, 11.8 and 29.6%), respectively, compared with the control. In addition, N, P and K contents of sweet cherry leaves with BA-8, OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 treatments, Fe and Zn contents of leaves with BA-8 + OSU-142 treatment and Mn content of the leaves of sweet cherry with BA-8 and OSU-142 applications significantly increased. Nitrogen, P and K contents in leaves were determined to be increased from 2.00, 0.17 and 0.43% in the control to 2.19, 0.20 and 0.54% by BA-8 application, to 2.32, 0.24 and 0.54% by OSU-142 application and to 2.43, 0.22 and 0.51% by BA-8 + OSU-142 application, respectively. Co-inoculation of BA-8 + OSU-142 increased Fe and Zn contents of leaves up to 50.5 and 35.5% compared with the control, respectively. Manganese content of leaves significantly also increased by BA-8 (26.6%) and OSU-142 (27.0%) applications compared with the control. The results of the present study suggested that Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 alone or in combination have a great potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry plant.     

甜樱桃S基因型PCR鉴定技术研究

绝大部分甜樱桃品种自交不亲和,因此自交不亲和基因型的鉴定对于生产具有重要的意义。以甜樱桃主栽品种为试材,建立基于PCR技术的甜樱桃品种S基因型鉴定技术。试验根据已发表的樱桃S基因序列设计了2对引物组合BFP73/74,BFP93/94,结合S1、S5基因的特异扩增引物,利用扩增片段长度的不同,就可以对樱桃品种的S基因型进行鉴定。通过对已知S基因型品种基因组的扩增,最终建立了基于PCR技术的甜樱桃品种S基因型鉴定技术。     

莲雾ISSR反应体系的优化与应用

以黑珍珠莲雾为试材,对ISSR反应体系中的各个主要影响因子进行了优化筛选,结果表明,25μL ISSR反 应体系各组分的最适浓度分别为:1×Buffer(不含Mg2+)、2.0 mmol/L Mg2+、0.2 mmol/L dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶1.5 U、引 物0.2 μmol/L、模板1.0 ng/μL。此外,加入1.6％的甲酰胺有利于减轻背景噪音的干扰。并利用该优化体系对12个连 雾类型和2个近缘种进行了ISSR扩增,证实了该体系稳定可靠。     

丘陵山地芦柑氮磷钾肥效试验初报

芦柑是永春的主要经济作物之一。长期以来，芦柑生产一直停留在经验性施肥阶段，盲目施肥严重，造成了严重的浪费和环境污染，导致生产成本增加、品质下降，经济效益不高。2006年，笔者按照“3414”肥效试验总体方案的要求，安排在芦柑进行了氮磷钾三要素田间肥效试验，为大面积推广测土配方施肥提供科学依据。     

Stemflow chemistry in relation to tree size: A preliminary investigation of eleven urban park trees in British Columbia,Canada

Given increased atmospheric loads in cities, quantification of stemflow chemistry is necessary for a holistic understanding of elemental cycling in urban ecosystems. Accordingly, the stemflow volume and associated solute fluxes (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺) were measured for eleven deciduous trees in a manicured park setting in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. Over nine rainfall events from late June to early September 2013, larger trees [diameter at breast height (DBH) > 30 cm] were found to generally produce higher event stemflow volumes but lower funneling ratios than the smaller trees (DBH < 30 cm). The median flux-based enrichment ratio, which compares the solute input of stemflow to that of rainfall on a per unit trunk basal area, also tended to be greater for smaller trees than larger ones. Under all-tree and single-leader tree conditions, significant negative non-linear relationships between tree DBH and mean flux-based enrichment ratios were found for Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺, but not for K⁺. These preliminary results indicate that urban trees can considerably enrich rainfall that is partitioned into stemflow, and that ion concentrations and enrichment ratios exhibit notably high interspecific variability. In this study, tree size and presence of single versus multiple leaders explained some of this heterogeneity; however, further study into those physical tree characteristics that affect stemflow volume and stemflow chemistry must be carried out if the impact and challenges of urban greening, nutrient cycling, and stormwater management initiatives are to be more fully understood.     

Effect of fruit on flowering in relation to biennial bearing in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis)

Flowering and fruit-setting in the sweet orange cv. ‘Late Valencia’ were observed for three consecutive seasons that comprised two “off-years” and one “on-year”. Twice as many flowers per unit area of tree canopy were observed in the “on-year” as in the two “off-years”. There was a significant negative correlation between the yield of the previous crop and the number of flowers per square yard of tree canopy.

There were no significant differences between an “off-year” and an “on-year” in the proportions of inflorescences classified according to the number of flowers and number of leaves per inflorescence. Furthermore, the previous crop had no direct effect on fruit-set, the percentage fruit-set being similar in all three seasons.

Observations made during blossoming, when the trees were bearing an “on-year” crop, showed that practically no flowers were produced on fruit-bearing wood. The few inflorescences that were recorded on fruit-bearing wood tended to be of the leafless types.

It is suggested that the cause of biennial bearing in sweet orange is the diffusion of a flower inhibitor, possibly a gibberellin-like substance, from the fruit into the wood on which it is borne.