山地苹果树更新修剪对树体营养及生长的影响

 在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区以常规修剪为对照,探讨更新修剪对盛果期山地苹果树体营养和生长方面的影响。结果表明：更新修剪提高了叶片、枝条中的氮、磷、钾、钙含量,提高了果实中的氮、钾、钙含量,对果实中的磷和根系中的磷、钾无显著影响;降低了根系中的氮、钙含量;显著增加了长枝、中枝的比例,显著降低了短枝、叶丛枝比例,促进了枝条健壮发育。更新修剪增加了叶面积,提高了叶绿素、单果质量、果实维生素C和有机酸含量,对果实可溶性固形物、总糖、着色面积等无显著影响,提高了果实产量,极显著提高了果园的经济产值。     

高温胁迫下外源GABA对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

以清白黄瓜为材料,在高温(40℃/35℃,昼/夜,各12 h)条件下研究了外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对黄瓜幼苗形态生长、光合特性、生理代谢的影响。试验结果表明,高温胁迫下,外源GABA显著增加了黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积,增强了壮苗指数、根冠比和根系活力,降低了叶片相对电导率(REC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,减缓了叶绿素的分解,提高了渗透调节物质脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖(SSC)含量,并有效增强了抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性及光合作用,使Pn、Gs、Tr加强,Ci积累减少,缓解了高温对黄瓜幼苗的伤害,可维持植株正常生长,以10 mmol/L GABA处理效果最优。     

江西地区有机紫山药优质高产生产技术规程

根据GB/T19630有机产品标准、欧共体有机农业条例2092/91原则及标准制定了适宜江西地区条件的有机紫山药优质高产栽培技术规程,规定了有机紫山药优质生产的栽培条件、生产技术及采收、运输、贮藏、销售等方面的规范和要求,从而提高了产品品质、保障了食品安全、维护了生态环境、增加了农户收益。     

静宁县‘红富士’苹果整形修剪经验

静宁在‘红富士’苹果管理中,采取了＂顺其自然,适当调控＂为主的树体管理措施,实现了4年成花、5年挂果、6年丰产的生产目标,盛果期666.7m^2产量保持在4000kg以上,有效地克服了‘红富士’难成花、进入结果期迟、早期产量低的弊端,形成了早果、优质、丰产的配套措施,促进了‘红富士’苹果在当地的大发展。其核心技术如下。     

大食物观下中国非耕地设施农业建设与发展

中国人多地少,85%以上的土地资源为非耕地资源,开发利用非耕地资源,发展非耕地设施农业,对于保障国家粮食安全、缓解农业用地矛盾等问题具有重大的战略意义。从政策支持、土地资源、产业现状、设施类型、设施设备、高效技术、适宜品种、开发模式等方面分析了我国非耕地设施农业的发展现状,在借鉴以色列、埃及、西班牙、日本、海湾国家等非耕地设施农业的先进经验基础之上,指出了我国非耕地设施农业在品种、设施、人才、技术、成本、效益等方面存在的问题,并针对问题提出了相应的发展建议,最后对非耕地设施农业发展前景进行了展望,为有效促进非耕地设施农业健康、持续发展提供了参考。     

砀山倾力打造全国水果加工大县

近年来．安徽省砀山县确立了“生态立县、工业强县、林果富民、统筹发展”的科学思路,初步形成了以林果产业为纽带的企业簇群特色,汇集了汇源果汁、海升集团、丰源梨业、湖南熙可、欣诚食品、宿州科技、隆泰果业等一大批水果加工贮藏企业,奠定了全国水果加工大县的坚实基础。     

黑龙江东宁检验检疫局积极开展食用菌相关项目检测

截至2013年12月26日,黑龙江东宁检验检疫局对地产黑木耳进行了实验室检测项目扩项,陆续开展了食用菌中水分、总糖、灰分、杂质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量的测定等相关项目检测,涵盖了国家标准要求的各类检测项目,为促进地方经济的发展,以及进出口企业的货物检测需求打下了坚实基础,     

月亮系列藏石

在朋友的感染下,迷上了奇石收藏,看到有特色、喜欢的奇石,不惜高价购买收藏。闲遐之余,便自我欣赏,或和石友们切磋,深感惬意。期间也参加过省、市的奇石大奖赛,并获得奖项。现已收藏黄河石、三峡石、浑河石、戈壁石等32个石种,863方奇石。通过收藏奇石,丰富了自身的文化生活,平添了生活乐趣,带来了精神上的愉悦。也增长了文化知识,开阔了文化的视野,期间结交了志同道合的朋友,使生命充满了活力。     

日光温室叶类蔬菜越夏椰糠栽培技术

针对夏季高温、强光的环境使喜冷凉气候的叶菜在日光温室内生产面临的种种障碍,加上长期连作,使得种植过程中出现的诸多问题,如菠菜死棵、生菜抽薹、莴苣萎蔫等,结合叶菜种植特点,总结出了一套日光温室叶类蔬菜越夏椰糠种植技术,克服了叶菜连作障碍,减少了农药和化肥的使用量,提高了产量和品质,达到了增产增收效果;通过品种选择、壮苗培育、整地及铺设椰糠、定植及田间管理、病虫害防治等诸多措施,确保了叶菜的周年生产,满足了人们夏季对新鲜叶菜的需要。     

简易蔬菜自动浇水系统的设计和应用

为适应家庭楼顶、天台、大面积阳台、家用菜园、小型单体大棚等的蔬菜种植和基质育苗,本文研发了一套简易蔬菜自动浇水系统,实现了种植蔬菜定时自动浇水功能。该系统由电磁阀、定时器、潜水泵、蓄水桶、浮球阀、滴灌或者微喷系统组成,具有省时、省工、省力、成本低、安装简单、浇灌面积广、水流量大、不受水龙头压力所限等诸多优点。该套系统在节约水资源的同时,保证了蔬菜的正常生长,提高了市民种植蔬菜的兴趣,同时提升了蔬菜的品质和产量,可作为都市化现代农业的技术参考。     

甘肃小陇山野生果树资源研究

通过对甘肃小陇山林区野生果树资源的调查研究,结果表明有198种（包括变种、变型）,隶属于28科、57属,其中50．2％集中于菩薇科和葡萄科。对125种具有重要经济价值的野生果树资源的分布、用途、利用现状进行研究,并提出保护和可持续利用野生果树资源的建议。     

云南特有野生果树资源及其分布特点

 云南有各类野生果树资源约500 余种, 其中云南特有的164种, 分属35科54属, 多为热带、亚热带果树和浆果类果树, 形成滇南—滇东南、滇西—滇西北和滇中—滇东北3个特有野生果树集中分布中心。这些果树资源用途广泛, 优异性状明显, 有待深入研究和综合开发利用。     

山西省野生果树种质资源评价及开发利用

野生果树资源是山西省非常重要的种质资源。以为抗性育种提供有价值的亲本、为开发保健果品提供丰富的原料、为摸清山西野生果树资源提供理论依据为目的,采用实地调查、采集标本、目测(德鲁特分级制)树种分布数量等方法,对山西省7大山系野生果树资源进行了系统调研。结果表明,山西省野生果树资源种类有133种,分属16科,34属;其中野生浆果、核果和坚果类资源分布数量多,营养价值高,可进行规模开发。     

湖北省的野生果树资源

 湖北省有各类野生果树资源约213 种, 分属26 科44 属。多为蔷薇科和浆果类果树, 形成以神农架及周围地区, 鄂西南宜昌、恩施州, 鄂东南至鄂东北3 个野生果树集中分布中心。这些果树资源具有南方果树和北方果树资源的兼容性和开发利用多样性的特点, 但由于生态环境的改变和人类对自然资源的不合理利用, 使野生果树资源受到威胁, 建议加强综合保育研究和开发利用。     

甘肃野生果树种质资源及开发利用途径研究

甘肃省地处温带、暖温带和亚热带的北缘,气候类型多样,野生果树资源十分丰富。经过多年调查研究表明,甘肃有木本野生果树33科,72属,329种,48变种。现对甘肃野生果树资源种类、果实类型、野生果树种、属地理区系分布类型、野生果树在甘肃各地理区域的分布状况及开发利用途径进行了分析研究,为更好的保护和合理开发利用甘肃野生果树资源提供依据。     

钱江源野生蔬菜品种资源及开发利用研究

对钱江源野生蔬菜植物种类及分类构成进行了整理与归类;对其野生蔬菜植物的特点和不同采食器官部位及用途按照根及根茎、茎叶、花、果、调味和佐料等划分成5大类;描述了其野生蔬菜植物资源的分布及特点:分析了其野生蔬菜植物开发利用的现状、存在的问题和开发利用的前景;提出了加快钱江源野生蔬菜植物开发利用的指导思想和方向;从利用与保护相结合、人工栽培驯化技术的研究、食用安全性方面的研究、综合开发利用的研究等方面阐述了加快钱江源野生蔬菜植物开发利用的对策。     

武陵山地区野生果树种质资源及其开发利用

调查了地处湘鄂渝黔四省边区的武陵山地区的野生果树种质资源及其开发利用现状。记录到该地区野生果树48科,109属,342种(变种、变型),其中16种为武陵山地区特有的野生果树。含15种以上的科有蔷薇科、壳斗科、猕猴桃科、芸香科、桑科5个科,为该地区野生果树的优势科。介绍了70种具有重要经济价值的野生果树。武陵山区的野果资源已得到初步开发利用,猕猴桃等数种野果已进入产业化阶段。提出了进一步开发利用和保护野生果树资源的策略。     

野生樱桃李实生后代果实性状变异分析及优异种质挖掘

 以定植在山东青岛胶州的新疆野生樱桃李（Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.）2.8 万株实生苗及其35个随机实生株系成熟果实为试材,进行了实生后代性状变异及优异种质挖掘的初步研究,旨在为野生樱桃李资源保护与利用提供基本资料。研究结果表明：①除果形指数及Mg 含量之外,单果质量等果实形态性状、果皮花青素、果肉可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸、草酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸及Ca、Fe、Zn 等矿质元素含量存在较丰富的变异,变异系数均在10%以上,其中单果质量变异幅度2.62 ~22.66 g,变异系数高达70.10%,进一步选择的潜力很大;②依据单果质量、自然坐果率及树姿等特性,在定植成活的2.8 万株实生苗群体中选育出了41 个优良单株,进一步挖掘出了单果质量在11 g 以上、果肉可溶性固形物含量在12%以上的大果型、高糖型及高酸型等优异种质7 份。     

云南滇西野生食用菌资源开发与利用

云南拥有丰富的野生食用菌资源,采集和销售野生食用菌是许多农户脱贫致富的重要经济手段。通过研究发现,云南省野生食用菌产业发展还存在着组织管理方面各自为政,开发利用模式陈旧,产业融合度不高;资源开发、利用与保护矛盾突出,资源管理力度不够;依靠传统经验保障食用安全有风险,食品安全管理存在隐患;企业与科研院所结合不好,科研成果转化力度不够;出口竞争没有充分发挥优势等问题。如何对云南省野生食用菌资源进行开发、利用和保护,进而实现这一资源的可持续利用,是云南省高原特色农业产业亟需解决的问题。     

Research advances on the genetic relationships of kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.)北大核心CSCD

Kiwifruit is an important fruit tree resource, and is one of the most successful fruit tree species for large-scale commercial cultivation worldwide. The natural distribution of kiwifruit is very extensive, but most of its taxa are mainly concentrated in the area south of the Qinling Mountains and east of the Hengduan Mountains. Chinese kiwifruit is not only a variety, but also different ecological habits. Chinese kiwifruit is rich in germplasm resources, contains a large number of wild resources, and has high genetic diversity, which can provide rich genetic basis and material conditions for the breeding of high- quality cultivars. Germplasm resources research has always been the most important foundation for fruit tree research, especially for breeding. The research on genetic relationship has become the core content of the research and utilization of fruit tree germplasm resources, which can provide a scientific basis for further exploration of species origin and evolution, systematic classification, germplasm conservation and utilization, and fruit tree breeding. Domestic and foreign scholars have studied the genetic relationship of kiwifruit germplasm resources from morphology, palynology, cytology, biochemical analysis to DNA molecular markers, from macroscopic level to microscopic level. The micromorphological characteristics, body size, cell structure and density of the leaf epidermal hair of the kiwifruit were-high polymorphism, which can be used as evidence for species identification. At present, the classification system of kiwifruit plants is mainly based on the type and degree of the indumentum of the fruit and leaves, the spots on the surface of the fruit and the morphology of the medulla of branches, and also giving consideration to the geographical distribution and other factors, as well as the combination of quantitative classification and computer processing methods. Liang C. F. divided the Chinese kiwifruit germplasms into four sections: Sect. Maculatae, Sect. Leiocarpae, Sect. Stellatae and Sect. Strigosae. The Sect. Leiocarpae can be divided into the Ser. Lamellatae and the Ser. Solidae, and the Sect. Stellatae can be divided into the Ser. Imperfectae and the Ser. Perfectae, which constitutes the current taxonomic system of four groups and four systems of Actinidia. However, the morphological characteristics of plants are susceptible to environmental conditions, and there are many subjective factors, which may lead to the divergence of taxonomic opinions. The morphological characteristics of kiwi pollen are controlled by genotypes, which are highly genetic conservation and are not affected by external conditions and carry a large amount of information. Related researchers used scanning electron microscopy to observe the pollen morphology of different species of kiwifruit. They found that the outer wall of the kiwi pollen has a large difference and has a significant polymorphism. They believe that the pollen grains of the genus have 3-colporate or 3-like colporate, which can be used as an important basis for packet classification. Kiwifruit has a wide range of chromosomal ploidy variations. Under natural conditions, diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, octaploid and even dodecaploid occur, and the distribution pattern is reticulate the intraspecific and interspecific, as well as the sympatric distribution of multi species to various degrees. These make interspecific hybridization and gene introgression frequent, resulting in a series of rich genetic variations. Therefore, in-depth study on the interspecific and intraspecific genetic relationship of kiwifruit plants provides an important basis for breeding new varieties. The karyotype analysis of different ploidy revealed that the chromosome base of kiwifruit was 29, but there is still no clear conclusion about its chromosome origin. The research on the isozyme level shows that the kiwifruit has high genetic diversity at the level of cultivars and species, and there is a high degree of genetic heterozygosity and multiple alleles heterozygosity at its isozyme sites. At the DNA level, researchers used various methods of DNA molecular markers to detect different kiwi germplasm resources. The results showed that kiwifruit species or cultivars had rich genetic diversity, and there were high genetic diversity among different geographical regions. The genetic distance between kiwifruit cultivars was related to geographical distribution. In addition, studies on microsatellite showed that most kiwifruits showed higher heterozygosity, and polyploid kiwifruit had more genetic diversity. In addition to studying nuclear DNA, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have also received attention in kiwifruit research. The results show that the cpDNA of kiwifruit plants has strict paternal inheritance, and mtDNA has strict maternal inheritance. This rare genetic model complicates the genetic relationship between kiwifruit plants to a certain extent. In general, the research on the genetic relationship of kiwifruit has made great progress, especially the continuous improvement and mutual compensation of various molecular markers in recent years, making the research and analysis of genetic relationship more accurate and reliable. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the study of the genetic relationship of kiwifruit germplasm resources. In the future research, with the continuous innovation of research methods and the deepening of research content, the research on kiwifruit germplasm resources, especially the genetic relationship research, will surely achieve more results. It is of great scientific significance and application value for the rational utilization of abundant kiwifruit germplasm resources in China, especially the exploitation and utilization of a large number of excellent wild or semi-wild resources, and the breeding and industrial development of new kiwifruit varieties. © 2019 Journal of Fruit Science