Minimally Invasive Inguinal Approach for Tube Cystostomy

Objective— To report a technique for tube cystostomy placement via a minimally invasive inguinal approach and outcome in 9 dogs and 6 cats with urinary tract obstruction or detrusor atony.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Dogs (n=9) and cats (6).
Methods— Medical records (January 2004–January 2008) of dogs and cats that had tube cystostomy via an inguinal approach were reviewed. Retrieved data included signalment, diagnosis, surgical technique, and complications. Access to the bladder was through a muscle splitting approach in the inguinal region with the cystostomy tube placed through a skin incision made several centimeters proximal to this incision and secured in the bladder by a purse string suture. Cystopexy during closure of the muscle layers ensured secure closure and minimized the likelihood of uroabdomen if tube dislodgment occurred.
Results— Cystostomy tubes were placed in 5 cats as an emergency procedure for treatment of acute urinary tract obstruction or urethral rupture, and as an elective procedure in 9 dogs and 1 cat. No complications occurred during cystostomy tube placement. Postprocedural complications were minor (peristomal irritation in 2 dogs with latex catheters, catheter laceration, premature removal) and only occurred when tubes were retained for >4 weeks. Urinary tract infection at catheter removal in 6 dogs resolved with antibiotic administration.
Conclusions— An inguinal approach for cystostomy tube placement facilitated rapid catheter placement into the bladder with minimal soft tissue dissection. Cystopexy during abdominal wall closure provided peritoneal protection should premature dislodgement of the cystostomy tube occur.
Clinical Relevance— An inguinal approach should be considered for rapid tube cystostomy particularly in metabolically compromised animals.     

Abnormalities of the Testes and Epididymis in Bucks and Rams Slaughtered at Debre Zeit Abattoir,Ethiopia

A study was conducted at Debre Zeit export abattoir on 404 bucks belonging to four breeds and 167 rams of two breeds. The animals were selected from the slaughter flock using stratified sampling based on breed. Ante-mortem and post-mortem examinations were carried out after each animal was carefully identified. Various genital abnormalities were observed, among which testicular atrophy and epididymitis were the predominant genital problems in both bucks and rams. The prevalence of cryptorchidism was higher (p<0.05) in bucks than in rams, while epididymitis (p<0.05), sperm granuloma (p<0.01) and epididymal cysts (p<0.05) were more frequent in rams. In bucks, none of these abnormalities was significantly associated with age (p>0.05). However, testicular atrophy (p<0.01), epididymitis (p<0.01) and haemorrhagic lesions (p<0.05) were associated with breed, the prevalence being higher in Woito-Guji and Boran bucks than in the Arsi-Bale and Afar breeds. In rams, age affected (p<0.05) the incidence of testicular atrophy, epididymitis and sperm granulomas. Epididymitis, sperm granuloma and epididymal cysts were more frequent (p<0.01) in Adal rams than in Black Head Somalis.     

肉用公牛附睾注药绝育育肥技术的研究与推广Ⅰ.附睾注药绝育方法的研究

通过向每侧公牛附睾尾注射自制的"绝育1号"2.5 mL,能使附睾组织结构破坏,形成不可复性损伤,精子无法通过,其绝育效果确实可靠.该技术操作方法简单,无不良反应,便于推广.     

Minimally Invasive Surgical Pastern Arthrodesis: An Ex Vivo Study Comparing Three Different Drilling Techniques for Cartilage Destruction

The objective was to compare the degree of cartilage destruction obtained with three different drilling techniques for minimally invasive arthrodesis of the equine pastern joint. Three drilling techniques were randomly tested on 36 cadaver distal limbs (six front and six hind limbs in each group). The basic drilling pattern consisted of several passes in a dorsopalmar and/or plantar direction across the joint space (group 1) and was either supplemented with one additional pass in a lateromedial and/or mediolateral direction (group 2) or two additional passes in a distodorsal–proximopalmar and/or plantar direction (group 3). After drilling, the pastern joints were disarticulated, the articular surfaces of P1 and P2 were digitally photographed, and the area of removed cartilage was measured using planimetry. The mean percentage of cartilage removed in the entire pastern joint was significantly lower in group 1 (34.1 ± 4.0%) compared with groups 2 and 3 (45.0 ± 5.2% and 43.0 ± 4.0%, respectively; P < .001). There was significantly more cartilage removed in the hind (47.1 ± 4.4%) versus the forelimbs (42.0 ± 5.0%) of group 2 (P = .003), whereas in group 3, there was significantly more cartilage removed in the forelimbs (44.6 ± 3.0%) compared with the hind limbs (40.6 ± 3.0%) (P = .039). The technique of group 2 gave significantly more cartilage destruction compared with technique 1 while being practical to perform. Therefore, this technique seems to be the most promising for further evaluation in a clinical situation.