增施生物肥对啤酒大麦产量及品质的影响

系统研究增施生物肥对啤酒大麦"甘啤6号"的生长发育、产量性状、原麦品质、麦芽品质的影响。结果表明:从生长发育看,增施生物肥对啤酒大麦的出苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期无明显影响,但成熟期较对照推迟2 d,同时增施生物肥促进啤酒大麦的株高、穗、茎、叶、鞘生长发育;从产量性状看,增施生物肥明显提高啤酒大麦的成穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,其中对成穗数影响最大,其次为穗粒数,最后为千粒重,增施生物肥的产量较对照增加3.4%,但经济系数较对照降低1.3个百分点,降幅为2.6%;从原麦品质看,增施生物肥使啤酒大麦的籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉含量和饱满度升高,千粒重增大,瘦秕率降低;从麦芽品质看,增施生物肥的麦芽微粉浸出率、粗粉浸出率、a-氨基氮、可溶性氮含量有不同程度增高,麦芽糖化力、粘度、粗细粉差、β-葡聚糖含量、蛋白质含量有不同程度降低,但对糖化时间和色度无影响。     

Effects of split nitrogen fertilization on post-anthesis photoassimilates,nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield in malting barley

Abstract

Split nitrogen applications are widely adopted to improve grain yield and enhance nitrogen use effective in crops. In a two-year field experiment at two eco-sites, five fractions of topdressed nitrogen of 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were implemented. Responses of radiation interception and leaf photosynthesis after anthesis, dry matter accumulation and assimilates remobilization, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield to fraction of topdressed nitrogen treatments were investigated in malting barley. Net photosynthetic rate of the penultimate leaf, leaf area index and light extinction coefficient increased with increasing fraction topdressed nitrogen from 0% to 30%, and then decreased from 30% to 50%. The putative gross maximum canopy photosynthesis was the highest for fraction of topdressed nitrogen of 30%, which was concomitant with the highest amount of post-anthesis accumulated assimilates. The remobilization of pre-anthesis stored assimilates from vegetative organs into grains was hardly significantly affected by fractions of topdressed nitrogen. Grain yield was the highest for fraction of topdressed nitrogen of 30%, which coincided with the highest plant nitrogen uptake and physiological and agronomic nitrogen use efficiencies. The enhanced nitrogen use efficiency was corresponding to the improved photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency in the leaves at fraction of topdressed nitrogen of 30%. In conclusion, appropriate fraction of topdressed nitrogen application on malting barley improved assimilation rate and nitrogen use efficiency resulting in higher grain yields and proper grain protein content in malting barley.     

Cropping sequence and nitrogen fertilizer effects on the productivity and quality of malting barley and soil fertility in the Ethiopian highlands

The productivity and quality of malting barley were evaluated using factorial combinations of four preceding crops (faba bean, field pea, rapeseed, and barley) as main plots and four nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 18, 36, and 54 kg N ha^?1) as sub-plots with three replications at two sites on Nitisols of the Ethiopian highlands in 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Preceding crops other than barley and N fertilizer significantly improved yield and quality of malting barley. The highest grain yield, kernel plumpness, protein content, and sieve test were obtained for malting barley grown after faba bean, followed by rapeseed and field pea. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased yield, protein content, and sieve test of malting barley. All protein contents were within the acceptable range for malting quality. Inclusion of legumes in the rotation also improved soil fertility through increases in soil carbon and nitrogen content. We conclude that to maximize yield and quality of malting barley, it is critical to consider the preceding crop and soil nitrogen status. Use of appropriate break crops may substitute or reduce the amount of mineral N fertilizer required for the production of malting barley at least for one season without affecting its quality.     

Nitrogen management for malting barley

Abstract

Malting barley is a specialized agricultural crop in which high yields and quality are production objectives. We evaluated the effects of different N rates on barley yields and selected malting quality parameters grown on irrigated silt loam soils (Xerollic calciorthids). Maximum barley yields having acceptable malting quality parameters were obtained when the preplant soil NO₃‐N plus fertilizer N was between 100 to 120 kg N/ha. About 33 kg N/ha was taken up by the plants from the mineralization of soil organic N. Higher available N levels decreased malting quality parameters below acceptable levels. Germination percentage was not changed by the different N rates.     

Effect of selected herbicides on yielding and malting quality of spring barley cultivars

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of herbicides on yields, yield components and malting quality of the grains of barley cultivars. Literature worldwide lacks works on the impact of herbicides on the brewing quality of barley. This work presents the results of field experiments and laboratory studies concerning the evaluation of the impact of herbicides, differing in terms of an active substance, on the yields, weed control and malting quality of selected cultivars of barley. The research was conducted in Poland. The herbicides affected the increase in grain yields of barley, due to their high effectiveness of weed control, resulting in an increase in the number of ears per area unit. Certain herbicides increased grain protein content and grain filling. As for malt extractivity, Kolbach index, Q index, diastatic power and beta-glucans content in wort, there were interactions between herbicides and cultivars. The impact of herbicides on parameters varied depending on cultivars. The herbicides, especially Chwastox Turbo 340 SL (MCPA?+?dicamba) and Secator 125 OD (amidosulfuron?+?iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium), worsened several (not many) malt quality parameters, depending on cultivars, but it did not contribute to disqualifying malting quality of grains. Therefore, all tested herbicides can be recommended for use by farmers.     

Estimating nitrogen requirements for irrigated malting barley

Abstract

The production of marketable malting barley requires careful N management to meet the quality standards set by the malting industry. Nine field trials were conducted over an eight‐year period at four locations to develop N fertilization guidelines for irrigated malting barley. Residual soil NO₃‐N (0 to 60 cm) ranged from 15 to 103 kg N/ha. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied preplant as either urea or NH₄NO₃ at rates ranging from 0 to 269 kg N/ha. Maximum yields were obtained when the sum of residual plus applied N (available N) was above 110 kg N/ha. However, the percentage of plump kernels generally fell below acceptable levels (85%) when available N exceeded 135 kg N/ha. Grain protein exceeded acceptable levels (12%) when available N was above 210 kg N/ha. Stem NO₃‐N sufficiency levels were determined from high‐yielding barley with acceptable quality parameters. At the three‐leaf stage, the barley stem NO₃‐N sufficiency level was approximately 6,000 μg/g and decreased to about 1,000 μg/g at the eight‐leaf stage.     

配方施肥对滨海盐土啤酒大麦产量和品质的影响

江苏有大片滨海盐土,是重要的农业资源,在滨海盐土上开发种植啤酒大麦是沿海资源开发的重要内容。啤酒大麦施用氮、磷、钾肥,其丰缺指标分别为48.1%、87.0%、93.0%,影响粒重的变异系数为6.20%、0.95%和3.16%,影响蛋白质含量的变异系数为14.18%、7.67%和1.49%。肥料效应方程拟合显示,江苏滨海盐土中等肥力地块种植啤酒大麦,氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为N 229.5 kg/hm2、P2O562.5 kg/hm2和K2O 36.2kg/hm2,三者施用比例为1∶0.27∶0.16,将70%的氮肥和全部磷、钾肥作基肥时,选择25∶10∶6或相近的配方时,产量和品质最佳。     

制麦和贮藏过程中大麦SOD活性变化

该文研究了28种不同品种国产啤酒大麦中SOD活性的差异以及SOD在不同制麦工艺和贮藏条件下的变化情况.结果表明不同品种国产啤酒大麦中SOD活性的差异较大,主要集中于30～60 U/g之间,且大部分的啤酒大麦品种适于酿造品质较好的啤酒;SOD酶活在浸麦和发芽过程中呈增长趋势,并且浸麦过程中添加赤霉素(GA3)可有效地提高SOD酶活的增长速度,但是对绿麦芽SOD合成量的影响不明显;在高温的焙焦过程中酶活降低很快,焙焦结束后约有50%的酶活残存,焙焦时间越短,酶活损失越小,且具有较高的出炉水分,更有利于麦芽在贮藏过程中SOD酶活的恢复;各个品种麦芽在贮藏过程中SOD酶活前20d内均随着贮存时间的增长而增加较快,之后变化较平缓;较合适的贮藏温度为25℃.     

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of durum wheat cultivated in northern Italy and their interaction with different soils and growing seasons

Durum wheat in temperate regions can lead to yields with higher technological quality and stability compared to Mediterranean areas. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N fertilization on grain yield and quality, in different pedo-climatic conditions of temperate areas. Field experiments were conducted in two sites (sandy-loam and silty-clay-loam) in Northern-West Italy for three years: five different N rates, two different types of fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, nutritional activator, slow-release fertilizer) were compared considering yield, protein content and yellowberry. N fertilizer rate had a more consistent effect on protein than yield; the response was affected by soil texture and rainfall during the growing season. The use of different types of fertilizer seem to play a minor role. The management of N fertilization must consider mainly the effect on quality parameters of N rates and rainfall during the growing season and their interaction with soil texture.     

Choice of nitrogen fertilizer affects grain yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of wheat cultivars

Abstract

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is low in cereals especially in wheat. Different wheat cultivars may vary in NUE due to inherited biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) potential. In this study, three wheat cultivars (Punjab-2011, ARRI-2011 and Millat-2011) were fertilized at the rate of 140?kg ha^?1 with three N sources [nitrophos (NP), urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)]. The soil nitrate (NO₃^?)-N contents were significantly enhanced coupled with simultaneous decrease in ammonium (NH₄⁺)-N contents in the rhizosphere of cultivar Punjab-2011, fertilized with NP; however, cultivar Millat-2011 receiving urea behaved in contrast. Wheat cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with NP had the highest grain yield and agronomic NUE than other treatments due to significant increase in chlorophyl contents, allometric and yield parameters. The highest net benefit was recorded from the cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with CAN. In conclusion, use of NP in Punjab-2011 enhanced the grain yield and agronomic NUE.     

测苗定氮综合氮素管理提高直播稻产量和肥料利用效率

【目的】直播水稻生长期和养分吸收均不同于传统插秧稻。本研究比较了直播稻不同品种对苗期定氮综合氮素管理措施的响应,以期为直播稻的最佳氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】于2016-2017年在成都平原,以超级杂交稻、普通杂交稻、普通常规稻为材料进行了田间试验。设置两种氮肥调控处理:"一基多追"(即基肥、苗肥、分蘖肥、穗肥,N1)和"无基多追"(即氮肥不基施,中后期采用测苗定氮综合氮肥管理技术,N2),以不施氮为对照(N0)。于分蘖中期、幼穗分化期、齐穗期,采用叶绿素仪(SPAD-502)测定叶片SPAD值。于收获期,取样测定氮磷钾含量,调查产量及产量构成。【结果】与N1处理相比,N2处理施氮量减少了33.3%~40.0%,直播稻产量并未出现显著下降;氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥吸收利用率平均分别提高了48.9%、56.7%、11.9%;N2处理直播稻氮、钾吸收量平均分别降低了10.8%、5.8%;生产1000kg稻谷氮、钾需求量平均分别降低了9.4%、4.0%,磷吸收量和生产1000 kg稻谷磷需求量与N1处理相当。与普通杂交稻和普通常规稻相比,相同氮素管理措施下,超级杂交稻产量平均增加了11.7%,氮、磷、钾吸收量平均分别增加了21.5%、37.7%、17.5%,每生产1000 kg稻谷氮、磷、钾需求量平均分别增加了8.9%、24.3%、6.5%。超级杂交稻较高的氮、磷、钾养分吸收量和较低的氮、磷、钾收获指数是其生产单位稻谷氮、磷、钾需求量增加的主要原因。【结论】直播稻基肥不施氮,中后期采用测苗定氮综合氮肥管理技术,不仅可以减少1/3的氮肥投入量,还可维持直播稻较高的产量,减少生产1000 kg稻谷的需氮量和需钾量,提高氮肥效率。超级杂交稻比普通杂交稻和常规稻更适合采用测苗定氮综合管理技术。     

追氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量和品质的调节效应

以不同品质类型的4个小麦品种为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究了品种和氮肥运筹对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在底肥相同的条件下,在一定范围内增加追施氮肥,产量显著提高。增施氮肥可显著提高各品种子粒蛋白质含量。除吸水率外,不同品种各项品质指标均随施氮量增加而提高,处理间差异显著。B2和B3(增加追施氮肥)的拉伸度、拉伸面积、面包体积和面包评分均显著优于B1(未追施氮肥)。子粒蛋白质含量与其它14项品质指标呈正相关。吸水率、沉降值、形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸阻力、拉伸比值、最大拉伸阻力、最大拉伸比值、拉伸面积、面包体积、面包评分等11项指标间存在显著或极显著的正相关关系。试验结果表明,强筋小麦品种并非各项品质性状均优于中筋小麦品种。     

氮量和施用方式对水稻“甬优6号”产量和品质的影响

以籼粳杂交水稻甬优6号为试材,于2006和2007年分别研究了施氮量和施用方式对其产量与品质的影响,以明确该品种在温州种植点适宜的施氮量及方式,达到高产与优质协调。结果表明,随施氮量递增,稻谷产量基本呈先升后降的趋势,以施N 139 kg/hm2时,采用以基肥:分蘖肥:促花肥:保花肥为6:2:1:1（处理II）的施肥方式产量最高。施氮处理稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白度、胶稠度、蛋白质及其谷蛋白等品质指标均明显高于不施氮处理,但施氮处理间差异不显著。随施氮量增加,峰值粘度、崩解值和回复值依次递减,消减值依次递增。不同施用方式处理峰值粘度差异显著;施氮量和施用方式处理间米饭的硬度和粘性均达显著差异水平。施用方式处理III的硬度与处理II差异不显著,但粘性显著高于后者。考虑产量和品质两因素,本试验中甬优6号在温州地区可以选择施N 139 kg/hm2,并采用基肥:分蘖肥:促花肥:保花肥为6:2:1:1的施用方式,以实现高产和优质。     

氮磷与硅钙肥配施对辣椒产量和品质的影响

【目的】长期高纯度化肥施用导致作物其他养分供应的不平衡,中微量元素已成为越来越多作物产量和品质限制因子。本文旨在通过开展硅钙肥、氮肥和磷肥配施对辣椒产量和品质的影响研究,确定硅钙肥、氮肥和磷肥在干辣椒中最佳配施方案。【方法】借助于DPS软件,采用三因素二次饱和D-最优设计方法分析研究了氮磷与硅钙肥配施对辣椒产量和品质的影响,整个研究过程分为回归建模、模型解析和模型决策三个步骤,首先,根据2013年获得的辣椒产量和品质数据,进行优化多项式回归分析,得出辣椒产量、品质分别与硅钙肥、氮肥、磷肥之间的回归方程。其次,对两个方程进行F检验,对回归系数进行t检验,确定模型可行性,模型分析包括因子主效应分析、单因子效应分析和因子互作效应分析。最后进行模型决策,通过计算机模拟运算,提出辣椒高产与优质的施肥方案。【结果】通过对模型进行检验分析得出:硅钙肥、氮肥、磷肥对辣椒的产量和品质均有显著的影响,并且因素间存在显著的互作效应。以硅钙肥、氮肥交互效应为例,在编码范围内,辣椒的产量较好的互作空间是中等的硅钙肥配较高氮肥水平;辣椒的品质较好的互作空间是较高的硅钙肥水平配中等的氮肥施用水平。三因素对产量的影响顺序为:氮肥磷肥硅钙肥,而对品质影响则相反。在本研究区地力水平下,辣椒的产量和品质会随着硅钙肥、氮肥、磷肥的用量增加而升高;当用量过高,产量和品质反而会下降。通过计算机模拟运算,产量在4500~6000 kg/hm2之间,品质综合得分95分以上时,施肥方案为硅钙肥304.76~398.24 kg/hm2,氮肥220.05~263.26 kg/hm2,磷肥44.80~64.50 kg/hm2。经边际效应分析,在经济效益和产量达到最大,即分别为80548.64元/hm2和5916.23kg/hm2时,硅钙肥、氮肥、磷肥最佳施用量组合为332.66、250.58、57.75 kg/hm2,配施比例为1:0.75:0.17。【结论】硅钙肥、氮肥、磷肥具有提高辣椒产量和品质,调节辣椒营养元素吸收等功能,但应适量施用,过多施用反而会造成产量降低、品质下降等现象的产生。本文构建的模型可以详细地解释三种肥料对辣椒产量和品质的影响,通过模型模拟可以得到三种肥料之间的联系。     

湖北省早、中、晚稻施氮增产效应及氮肥利用率研究

20062009年,通过在湖北省18个县(市、区)布置多点田间肥效试验,研究了当前生产条件下施用氮肥对水稻产量的影响,分析了氮肥的利用率现状,并探讨了早、中、晚稻施氮效果的差异。结果表明,当前生产条件下,施用氮肥可以显著提高水稻产量,早、中、晚稻的平均增产量分别为1641、1717和1695 kg/hm2,增产率分别为37.6%、27.5%和35.0%。早稻和中稻产量的提高主要是由于单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数的增加,而晚稻主要是由于单位面积有效穗数增加和千粒重提高所致。早、中、晚稻对氮肥的利用效率存在一定的差异,农学利用率平均分别为10.7、10.0和10.4 kg/kg,偏生产力分别为46.2、50.1和45.3 kg/kg,吸收利用率分别为31.0%、33.2%和248%,生理利用率分别为31.8、31.8和41.1 kg/kg。3种类型水稻的土壤氮素依存率平均值都在60%以上,表明水稻吸收的氮素主要来自土壤,其中晚稻对土壤氮素的依赖程度要大于早稻和中稻。     

氮肥分配对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作产量和氮肥效率的影响

通过田间小区试验研究了控制氮肥总量(N 420 kg/hm2)条件下氮肥分配对冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系内的作物生物量、产量、纯收益、农学效率及肥料利用率的影响,结果表明,氮肥在冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系的分配量及比例显著影响冬小麦/夏玉米轮作的产量、纯收益和氮肥的效率,冬小麦季施总氮55％ (N 231 kg/hm2)、夏玉米季施总氮45％ (N 189 kg/hm2)时,获得最高的轮作总产量(13 026 kg/hm2)和最大的净收益(22 146元/hm2),氮肥的农学效率和利用率较其它分配方式均有所提高,是晋南地区冬小麦/夏玉米轮作氮肥分配的适宜比例.就单季小麦而言,施N 189 kg/hm2可以获得较高的产量和较高的氮肥效率.值得指出的是,由于作物生长期间受春寒和夏旱的影响,冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系内的氮农学效率和氮肥利用率均表现较低,仅分别为4.6 kg/kg和20.8％.     

秸秆全量还田与氮肥用量对水稻产量、 氮肥利用率及氮素损失的影响

【目的】在我国水稻生产中探讨秸秆全量还田与氮肥配施的理论与技术,阐明秸秆还田对水稻产量、 氮素利用率及氮素损失的影响,对于提高水稻产量和氮素利用效率、 减少氮污染具有重要意义。【方法】2009~2011年,以水稻南粳46为材料,在江苏常熟农业生态实验站进行原状土柱模拟试验。试验采用裂区设计,主区为秸秆全量还田(S)和无秸秆还田(S0); 副区为氮肥用量(N),设置N 120、 180、 240和300 kg/hm2 4个氮水平,以不施氮肥(N0)为对照。分析了水稻基肥期、 分蘖期、 穗肥期的氨挥发量和土壤80 cm处渗漏水全氮含量,土壤0—15 cm全氮含量,水稻产量,以及水稻籽粒和秸秆氮含量,计算水稻生育期氮肥的氨挥发损失率、 淋溶损失率、 土壤残留率以及水稻的氮肥利用效率。【结果】水稻产量随氮肥适宜用量增加而增加,与单施氮肥相比,秸秆还田下水稻平均增产6.3%,其中N 240 kg/hm2 处理产量最高; 水稻的氮肥利用率随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,秸秆还田能够提高水稻的氮肥利用率,氮肥农学效率和氮肥表观利用率较单施氮肥分别提高1.4~3.4 kg/kg和1.8%~4.2%; 水稻田氨挥发损失量、 氮肥淋溶损失量和土壤残留氮量均随施氮量的增加而增加,在N 240 kg/hm2水平下,秸秆还田氨挥发损失量增加18.2%、 土壤残留氮量增加10.1 kg/hm2,减少氮素淋溶损失量30.9%,氮肥总损失率降低6.0%。【结论】在秸秆全量还田下,配施适量的氮肥,可以提高水稻对氮肥的利用率,增加产量,同时减少氮肥损失。本试验中,以麦秸全量还田配施N 240 kg/hm2为最优组合。     

Impact of profile water status on nitrogen use pattern of dry land barley under varying nitrogen levels

A field trial was carried out during 1993–94 and 1994–95 winter seasons on Udic Ustochrept to evaluate the performance of dryland barley under varying profile moisture status and nitrogen levels. Three levels of initial moisture status of the root zone profile were: wet (100% field capacity), moderately wet (50% field capacity) and dry (rainfed) as the main treatment. The sub treatments were 0, 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha^?1. During 15 to 60 days after sowing (DAS) availability of soil nitrogen and its uptake by the crop attained the highest values under wet regime. However, at 105 and 130 DAS dry moisture regime resulted in maximum values of both available soil nitrogen and plant nitrogen contents. In the same tune biomass production attained the higher values under wet regime as compared to the dry regime during 15 to 60 DAS and the trend was reverse at 105 DAS. Grain yield attained the highest value under dry regime followed by wet and moderately wet regimes. Irrespective of the profile moisture status both productivity and nitrogen use efficiency enhanced with the increase in nitrogen doses from 0 to 80 kg ha^?1. Role of nitrogen was more pronounced under wet regime.     

氮肥形态对马铃薯氮素积累与分配的影响

采用田间试验的方法,研究了不同氮肥形态对氮素在马铃薯不同器官中的吸收和运转分配及产量的影响。试验结果表明:铵态氮肥对马铃薯地上干物质积累量的增加作用最明显,施氮处理马铃薯块茎干物质积累量比对照增加50.37%～71.38%;马铃薯各器官中含氮量随生育期推进逐渐下降,其中,茎和叶下降幅度较大;马铃薯各器官中氮含量生育前期表现为叶片>地上茎>根,进入块茎形成期以后,则叶片>根>地上茎>块茎。施氮在马铃薯生育前期有利于茎对氮素的吸收和储存,后期又可以促进茎中的氮素向叶片和块茎转移。施氮各处理产量较对照增加19.28%～63.86%,NH4+-N处理对氮的吸收、积累与分配影响最大,且产量最高,达到39 410.2 kg.hm-2。     

长期施用不同肥料对小麦玉米间作产量、氮吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

对连续14年施用不同肥料后,春小麦.春玉米间作下,土壤硝态氮的累积和分布,作物产量及对氮素的吸收利用进行了研究。结果表明,在施农家肥120t.hm2(M)、绿肥45t.hm2(G)、秸杆10.5t.hm2(S)、N375kg.hm2(N)、农家肥60t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(M+N)]、绿肥22.5t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(G+N)]、秸杆5.25t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(S+N)]和CK等8个处理中,土壤剖面硝态氮的累积和分布以N处理最高,地上部N浓度和吸N量以N、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)处理较高,但3处理间无明显差别。间作小麦子粒产量和生物学产量以M、G、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)等处理较高,间作玉米子粒产量和生物学产量以1/2(G+N)、N、G和1/2(M+N)等处理较高。氮肥利用率以1/2(S+N)处理最高,1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)低于1/2(S+N)、S和N处理,但高于M、G处理。说明氮肥与农家肥或绿肥配合施用,既能增加作物产量,提高氮素吸收利用,又可减少土壤中硝态氮的累积。