pH水平和昼夜变化对池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾成活率的影响

为评价不同pH水平和昼夜变化幅度对凡纳滨对虾成活率的影响,采用单因素实验设计,实验Ⅰ设4个pH水平:6.6(P1)、7.6(P2)、8.6(P3)和9.6(P4),以温室养殖池塘内的平均pH水平(8.2)为对照(P0);实验Ⅱ设3个pH昼夜变化幅度:7.5～8.2(PV1)、7.5～9.5(PV2)和7.5～10.0(PV3),以养殖池塘的平均pH昼夜变化幅度(7.5～8.7)为对照(PV0)。结果显示,环境pH水平可显著影响对虾成活率、血淋巴颗粒细胞数以及血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酚氧化酶(PO)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的活性。P4水槽内对虾成活率显著低于P0、P1、P2和P3水槽,同时其血淋巴SOD、GSH-Px、GR、CAT、PO和iNOS的活性较后者不同程度地下降。pH昼夜变化幅度可显著影响对虾成活率、血淋巴SOD、GSH-Px、GR和CAT活性,但对血淋巴谷胱甘肽含量无显著影响。PV2和PV3水槽内对虾成活率显著低于PV0和PV1水槽,同时其血淋巴SOD、GSH-Px、GR和CAT活性较后者不同程度地降低。研究表明,环境pH水平及昼夜变化幅度可显著影响凡纳滨对虾的成活率。鉴于对虾死亡率变化伴随血淋巴SOD、GSH-Px、CAT和PO活性的变化,初步认为对虾死亡与pH胁迫产生的应激有关。因此,调控pH应是对虾池塘养殖水质管理中的一项重要措施。     

凡纳滨对虾热休克蛋白90基因cDNA全长克隆及表达分析

为探究咪唑类物质KK-42提高凡纳滨对虾存活率的机理,克隆出HSP90全基因序列,采用real-time PCR法研究该基因的时空表达状况。将体长3.5～5.0cm的凡纳滨对虾幼虾随机分成2组,分别用1.95×10-4 mol/L的KK-42溶液和不含KK-42的溶液浸泡1min后,在相同条件下常规饲养。试验结果显示,凡纳滨对虾HSP90开放阅读框为2160bp,编码720个氨基酸,包含HSP90家族的保守序列。HSP90在凡纳滨对虾脑、肌肉、眼柄和肝胰腺中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中的表达水平较高。KK-42处理后,肝胰腺中HSP90mRNA水平升高69.1%以上(P0.05),其中第2d和3d,mRNA含量分别升高了505.5%和481.7%(P0.01)。结果表明,KK-42能诱导凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺HSP90的表达,这可能是KK-42提高凡纳滨对虾存活率的机制之一。     

微囊藻毒素对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺氧化损伤研究

在水温(22±1)℃、pH 8.0～8.5、溶解氧7～8 mg/L下,对体质量(16.0±1.0) g凡纳滨对虾注射浓度为3.52×10^-4 mmol/kg的微囊藻毒素20μL。分别于注射后0、2、4、8、16、24、48、72 h测定凡纳滨对虾死亡率,并取肝胰腺组织,检测其超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶3种抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的变化,研究微囊藻毒素对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺相关免疫酶活性的影响。试验结果显示：注射微囊藻毒素后,凡纳滨对虾72 h死亡率为13.33%;凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中丙二醛含量逐渐升高,8 h后显著高于对照组,并于72 h达到最大值(4.02±0.02) nmol/mg(P<0.05);超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在72 h内均呈先升后降的趋势,并分别在2、4、8 h达到最高,随后活性逐渐降低,16 h后逐渐低于对照组,且活性均于72 h达到最低值。试验结果表明,微囊藻毒素导致凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺脂质过氧化反应逐渐增强并抑制凡纳滨对虾抗氧化相关酶活性,造成氧化应激,72 h内便会造成肝胰腺严重氧化损伤。     

干露时间对凡纳滨对虾抗氧化功能的影响

将体长(8.32±1.43) cm健康有活力的凡纳滨对虾置于室温25℃的封闭实验台上,0、5、15、30 min后分别活体采样,测定肌肉、心脏、胃、肠道、肝胰腺和血淋巴的抗氧化相关指标,研究干露对凡纳滨对虾抗氧化功能的影响。试验结果表明,干露15 min组凡纳滨对虾胃、血清、肝胰腺丙二醛含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);随着暴露时间延长,干露组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺组织总抗氧化能力呈下降趋势,各组与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05);肠道、心脏和胃总抗氧化能力水平呈先升后降的趋势;随着暴露时间的延长,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和肌肉中总超氧化物歧化酶以及肝胰腺中γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶活性呈下降趋势,肌肉与肠道中的γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶活性无显著性变化(P0.05)。短时间(5 min)干露对凡纳滨对虾组织抗氧化功能破坏较小,而长时间(30 min)干露可明显降低组织的抗氧化能力;干露对凡纳滨对虾对抗氧化功能的影响具有组织特异性。通过检测凡纳滨对虾抗氧化代谢指标,进而探索缺氧不同时间段凡纳滨对虾抗氧化酶活性的变化规律,总结对虾机体抗氧化剂和抗氧化能力的时空图谱,为养殖过程中缺氧现象提供基础资料,为凡纳滨对虾无水运输技术的开发提供参考数据。     

2株消化道优势菌对凡纳滨对虾免疫酶活性和抗白斑综合征病毒感染力的影响

以凡纳滨对虾为研究对象,在基础饲料中分别添加从健康对虾消化道中分离纯化的优势菌菌株——美人鱼发光杆菌PC463和坚强芽孢杆菌PC465(菌含量≥1011CFU/g)的活菌和破碎菌各1 g/kg,观察其对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴免疫酶活性和抗WSSV感染保护率的影响。经过20 d养殖实验后发现,与对照组相比,饲料中添加坚强芽孢杆菌活菌的免疫组和添加美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌的免疫实验,其凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在不同程度上有所提高,并显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。WSSV感染后饲料中添加坚强芽孢杆菌活菌的免疫组存活率(53%±12%)和添加美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌的免疫组存活率(49%±15%)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明:饲料中添加坚强芽孢杆菌活菌和美人鱼发光杆菌灭活菌可以在一定程度上提高凡纳滨对虾免疫酶活性和抗WSSV感染能力,上述有防病作用的益生菌株以饲料添加剂的方式应用于对虾养殖生产,可望成为对虾白斑病生物防治的有效途径之一。     

浓海水条件下凡纳滨对虾血清免疫生理指标比较

为探索利用海水淡化产生的浓海水开展水产养殖的可能性,研究了凡纳滨对虾对浓海水的应激免疫反应.实验用浓海水由盐度30的天然海水添加粗盐配制而成.实验组设盐度40和36两种,对照组为自然海水盐度30.分别检测凡纳滨对虾高盐度应激后0、2、6、12、24、48、96 h时的血清蛋白含量和酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、血清溶菌酶活性、血清凝血时间.结果表明,浓海水对凡纳滨对虾血清蛋白含量、酸性磷酸酶活性和血清凝血时间均有极显著影响（P＜0.01）,但对凡纳滨对虾血清溶菌酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性无显著影响（P＞0.05）.     

卵黄抗体对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫及抗VpAHPND感染的影响

为探讨特异性卵黄抗体抗致急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌 (Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, VpAHPND) 感染的效果及其机制,防控对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病 (Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND),本研究以添加不同剂量VpAHPND卵黄抗体制剂 (0、0.2%和0.5%) 的饲料投喂凡纳滨对虾幼虾,测定对虾的生长率和存活率、对虾肝胰腺免疫酶活力和免疫基因相对表达水平,通过浸浴感染实验测定免疫对虾抗VpAHPND感染的能力。生长实验结果显示,免疫28 d后,免疫组与未添加卵黄抗体制剂的对照组对虾在平均生长率、特定生长率和存活率方面均无显著性差异。免疫功能实验结果显示,免疫14 d后,与对照组相比,0.2%免疫组对虾肝胰腺的酚氧化酶 (PO)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、溶菌酶 (LZM) 活力显著升高,抗菌肽 (Crustin) 基因的相对表达水平也显著升高,而β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白-脂蛋白 (β-GBP-HDL) 基因的相对表达水平则显著降低。浸浴感染实验结果显示,0.2%免疫组对虾的存活率显著高于对照组;0.2% VpAHPND卵黄抗体制剂对凡纳滨对虾的相对免疫保护率为63.77%。研究表明,口服卵黄抗体不会对凡纳滨对虾的生长和存活产生不良影响,0.2%的VpAHPND卵黄抗体制剂通过提升凡纳滨对虾的PO、SOD、LZM活力和Crustin基因表达水平,增强凡纳滨对虾的免疫功能,从而提高对虾抗VpAHPND感染的能力,具有很强的应用潜力。本研究为使用特异性卵黄抗体防控AHPND提供了依据,也为其作用机制研究提供了参考。     

聚β-羟基丁酸酯对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺免疫和消化指标的影响

以平均体质量为(5.66±0.14)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,分别投喂含聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)质量分数为0%(对照组)、1%、3%和5%的对虾配合饲料,饲养35 d后检测并比较不同水平PHB对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺免疫和消化指标的影响。结果显示,3%PHB添加组凡纳滨对虾的总抗氧化能力和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。Toll基因表达量随PHB含量的升高呈先上升后下降趋势,其中1%和3%PHB添加组的表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05);对照组HSP70基因表达量显著低于其他处理组(P0.05)。5%PHB添加组的淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著升高(P0.05),而脂肪酶活性无显著变化(P0.05)。由此可见,饲料中添加适量的PHB有利于增强凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺的消化和非特异性免疫能力。     

嗜酸小球菌对凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子的影响

在饲料中添加不同剂量的嗜酸小球菌投喂凡纳滨对虾,并在投喂后的20、40和60d,分别测定凡纳滨对虾血清中的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、溶菌活力(Bacteriolytic activity)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP),并分析了这5种酶之间的相关性。结果显示,嗜酸小球菌能有效提高凡纳滨对虾体内的NOS、溶菌活力、T-SOD、ACP、AKP的活性;NOS与溶菌活力存在显著正相关性(P<0.05),与SOD存在显著负相关性,溶菌活力与AKP存在显著负相关性。表明在饲料中添加适量的嗜酸小球菌(剂量10mg/kg)可使凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子活力到达较高的水平;凡纳滨对虾血清中一氧化氮合酶对于嗜酸小球菌的添加量较为敏感,可作为评价嗜酸小球菌使用效果的指标之一。     

低鱼粉饲料中添加羟基蛋氨酸硒对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、抗氧化能力和抗亚硝酸盐胁迫的影响

[目的]本实验旨在研究低鱼粉饲料 中添加羟基蛋氨酸硒(HMSe)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、抗氧化能力及抗亚硝酸盐胁迫的影响。[方法]实验选用初始体质量为(0.90±0.05)g的凡纳滨对虾,分别投喂HMSe添加水平为0.000、0.375、0.750、1.500和2.250 mg/kg的实验饲料,命名为HMSe0 、HMSe1、HMSe2、HMSe3和HMSe4,每组3个重复,养殖8周。养殖实验结束后,进行12 h 的亚硝酸盐胁迫实验。[结果]结果表明,凡纳滨对虾的终末体质量(FBW)、增重率(WG R)和饲料效率(FE)随着饲料中HMSe水平的增加呈现先升高后下降的趋势,并在HMSe2组达到峰值。随着饲料中HMSe水平的提高,对虾全体和肌肉中的硒含量均显著增加,而全虾粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并分别在HMSe2组和HMSe1组达到最大值。HMSe4组中凡纳滨对虾的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和肝胰腺过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于HMSe0组。亚硝酸盐胁迫显著影响凡纳滨对虾的存活率。与胁迫前比较,胁迫后对虾肝胰腺中MDA含量升高,GST、CAT和T-SOD的活性降低,而补充适量的HMSe可减轻这些负面影响。根据凡纳滨对虾胁迫后成活率的二次多项式回归分析,低鱼粉饲料中凡纳滨对虾的HMSe最适添加量为1.350 mg/kg。[结论]综上所述,在低鱼粉饲料中添加0.750~1.350 mg/kg HMSe,能够提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、饲料利用率和抗亚硝酸盐胁迫的能力。     

Effect of lignite fulvic acid on growth,antioxidant ability,and HSP70 of Pacific white shrimp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fulvic acid (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2%) as feed additive on growth, feed utilization, antioxidant ability, and HSP70 in hemolymph and hepatopancreas of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (average weight 2.5 g) reared under experiment conditions. Shrimp were stocked at a density of 625 shrimps m^?3 for 60 days in net cages submerged in recirculating tanks. At the end of the experiment, specific growth rates and survival rates of shrimp in treatment groups fed with 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% fulvic acid were higher compared to that of the control group. Shrimp fed 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% fulvic acid had significantly lower feed conversion rates than those fed control diet. The optimum dietary fulvic acid requirement for juvenile shrimp based on weight gain was 0.897%. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase activity and peroxidase activity increased significantly, while malonaldehyde content decreased in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas of shrimp fed 0.9 and 1.2% dietary fulvic acid. Glutathione content increased obviously in hemolymph of shrimp fed 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% fulvic acid. In hepatopancreas, glutathione content was significantly higher in shrimp supplemented with 1.2% fulvic acid. HSP70 decreased obviously in hemolymph of shrimp fed 0.9 and 1.2% fulvic acid, while shrimp fed with 0.6 and 0.9% fulvic acid showed lower HSP70 level in hepatopancreas. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary fulvic acid could improve survival rates, growth, feed utilization, antioxidant capability, and stress resistance of juvenile L. vannamei reared under intensive stocking conditions.     

Comparison of immune responses and antioxidant status of different generations of growth‐selected Portunus trituberculatus families

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inbreeding on the immune responses and antioxidant status of Portunus trituberculatus juveniles. Results showed that inbreeding affected the total haemocyte count, and phagocytic, pro‐phenoloxidase (propo), phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities decreased after the seventh generation. Antioxidant status showed a similar pattern: total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and GSH/GSSG in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas decreased, while catalase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in α₂‐macroglobulin and bacteriolytic activities in the cell‐free haemolymph and glutathione peroxidase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas among nine inbreeding generations. Gene expression levels of proPO and crustin in haemocytes and SOD in haemocytes and hepatopancreas also decreased significantly as the inbreeding generations increased. The results suggest that a high level of inbreeding could severely reduce the physiological health of P. trituberculatus. Our obtained data would be particularly useful for P. trituberculatus breeding programmes.     

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in Pacific white shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis> after multiple-dose oral administration

The present study was designed to explore pharmacokinetics (PK) of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei after multiple-dose oral administration of enrofloxacin (30 mg/kg dose per 12 h and continuous feeding for 3 days). Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and muscle of the shrimp were simultaneously determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. PK parameters were analyzed based on statistical moment theory. Meanwhile, the relationship of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) was established based on drug concentration of hemolymph and in vitro antibacterial activity (MIC value). Results showed faster absorption of enrofloxacin in hemolymph (T_max?=?1 h) and muscles (T_max?=?1 h) than that in hepatopancreas (T_max?=?3 h) after the first oral administration. In multiple-dose oral administration, slight accumulation of enrofloxacin occurred in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas, while in the muscle, enrofloxacin concentration showed a significant decline following multiple administration. Tissue distribution of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin both followed the order hepatopancreas?>?hemolymph?>?muscle, with significantly higher ciprofloxacin concentration in hepatopancreas than in hemolymph (approximately 10-fold) and muscles (approximately 50-fold), indicating that the hepatopancreas is the main organ involved in metabolism of enrofloxacin in Pacific white shrimp. After multiple-dose administration, C_max/MIC and AUC_0–24/MIC values showed that the therapeutic regimen in this study could be remarkably effective in prevention and treatment of Vibrio infection in Pacific white shrimp.     

蒽对脊尾白虾存活和免疫的影响

以脊尾白虾(Palaemon carincauda)为研究对象进行葱的毒性试验,设置0、6、9、12、15、18、21和24 mg/L 8个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复10只白虾,96小时试验结果发现,蒽对白虾的24小时半致死浓度为19.62 mg/L、48小时半致死浓度为15.61 mg/L、72小时半致死浓度为11.18 mg/L、96小时半致死浓度为7.21 mg/L,安全浓度为2.95 mg/L。之后在蒽安全浓度下胁迫脊尾白虾,设2个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复60只白虾,使用相关酶活性试剂盒测定脊尾白虾0、3、6、12、24、48、96和192小时的超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量,结果发现随着时间的推移,虾体内超氧化物歧化酶活性先升高然后逐渐降低,丙二醛含量上下波动无明显变化,总抗氧化能力先升高后逐渐减小,过氧化物酶活力在波动中逐渐上升。总的来说,蒽会降低脊尾白虾的免疫调节能力。     

Immune responses by dietary supplement with Astragalus polysaccharides in the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the immune‐enhancing effect of dietary supplement with Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. In experiment 1, the optimal APS dose was determined based on the immune responses of shrimps fed APS diet for 30 days. In experiment 2, the effect of APS supplementation on immune response of shrimp suffering white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge was determined. Results showed that the total haemocyte count and phagocytic activity in shrimps fed APS diets significantly (p < .05) increased in comparison with those fed the basal diet. Dietary supplement with APS markedly (p < .05) increased the activity of phenoloxidase (PO), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in shrimp hemolymph, but decreased the maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content. Significantly higher (p < .05) activity on PO, SOD and LZM and lower (p < .05) MDA content have also been found in shrimps suffering WSSV challenge. Therefore, APS could be used as a safe and effective feed additive in shrimp aquaculture, and the optimal dose of APS for the Pacific white shrimp was suggested to be 0.2 g/kg based on our results.     

Effects of polysaccharides from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant indicators of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Studies were conducted to evaluate polysaccharides from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis (PMCS) as a feed additive for pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimps were randomly divided into two groups. One group received the PMCS‐supplemented diet for 52 days, and the other group received no treatment. The data showed that shrimps given PMCS gained more body weight compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Haemolymph immunity indicators, including phenoloxidase (PO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme (LSZ), were remarkably greater in the PMCS group (P < 0.05). In addition, antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reduced form (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were significantly greater in the treatment group. However, there were no significant differences in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity between the control and treatment groups. Moreover, the number of Vibrio ichthyoenteri was less in the group treated with PMCS (P < 0.05). In conclusion, PMCS can be used to improve the growth performance and health of pacific white shrimp.     

Dietary phosphorus prevents oxidative damage and increases antioxidant enzyme activities in intestine and hepatopancreas of juvenile Jian carp

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary phosphorus on the intestine and hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Jian carp, with an average initial weight of 7.17 ± 0.01 g, were fed with diets containing graded concentrations of available phosphorus, namely 1.7 (control), 3.6, 5.5, 7.3, 9.2 and 11.0 g kg^?1 diet for 9 weeks. Results showed that, in intestine and hepatopancreas, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione (GSH), capacity of anti‐superoxide anion (ASA) and anti‐hydroxyl radical (AHR), and glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), glutathione S‐transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were significantly affected by dietary phosphorus levels (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that significant quadratic responses occurred in MDA content and ASA, GST, GPx and AHR activities in intestine, GSH content and CAT and SOD activities in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). These results indicate that optimal level of dietary phosphorus prevented oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the intestine and hepatopancreas of juvenile Jian carp. The phosphorus requirement estimated from MDA using quadratic regression analysis was 5.7 g kg^?1 diet.     

Methionine hydroxy analogue prevents oxidative damage and improves antioxidant status of intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Oxidative damage and antioxidant status of intestine and hepatopancreas for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA: 0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg^?1 diet) for 60 days were studied. Radical scavenging ability, antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reducase (GR), as well as glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were assayed in these tissues. Results indicated that anti‐superoxide anion capacity in intestine and anti‐hydroxyl radical capacity in hepatopancreas significantly improved with dietary MHA levels up to 7.6 and 10.2 g kg^?1 diet respectively, whereupon they decreased (P < 0.05). SOD, CAT, GST, GPX, GR activities in intestine and hepatopancreas, as well as GSH content in hepatopancreas significantly increased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1–10.2 g kg^?1 diet, and thereafter decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MDA and PC contents in these tissues together with GOT and GPT activities in plasma significantly decreased with optimal MHA levels which were in the range of 5.1–7.6 g kg^?1 diet, and thereafter increased (P < 0.05). These results suggested that MHA improved antioxidant status and depressed lipid and protein oxidation in intestine and hepatopancreas.