不同浓度氮、钾肥对蚯蚓粪基质西瓜穴盘苗的影响

对蚯蚓粪基质西瓜穴盘苗进行不同浓度的N、K肥料播后喷施,结果表明:播后喷施肥料可明显提高基质的EC值,显著增加西瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素a、b及叶绿素总量,进而有效促进西瓜幼苗的生长发育。本试验结果对利用蚯蚓粪基质培育西瓜壮苗及施肥灌水技术在西瓜壮苗培育中的推广应用具有重要指导意义。     

蚯蚓粪基质在辣椒穴盘育苗中的应用

以蚯蚓粪为主要原料配合不同体积比的蛭石作为穴盘育苗基质与草炭对比,研究了复合基质对辣椒种子出苗率及幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明:与草炭相比,蚯蚓粪容重较大、孔隙度和持水力较小,高P、K含量和低N含量;蚯蚓粪复合基质促进了辣椒幼苗生长发育,其作用效果与基质混合比例有很大关系,3:1(V:V)蚯蚓粪复合基质育苗效果最佳.     

蚯蚓粪在番茄育苗上的应用效果

以进农6号蚯蚓消化玉米秸秆产生的蚯蚓粪为材料,通过与草炭理化特性的对比,探讨了蚯蚓粪作为番茄穴盘育苗基质的可能性;采用不同体积比的蚯蚓粪、蛭石混合基质,研究其对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:与草炭相比,蚯蚓粪容重较大,孔隙度和持水量较小,P、K含量较高,N含量较低;蚯蚓粪混合基质可以促进番茄幼苗的生长,但其作用效果与基质混合比例有很大关系。     

蚯蚓粪基质在甘蓝穴盘育苗中的应用

研究了以蚯蚓粪为主要原料的复合基质对甘蓝种子出苗率及幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明:与草炭相比,蚯蚓粪具有容重较大、孔隙度和持水力较小,高P、K含量和低N含量等特性;蚯蚓粪复合基质促进了甘蓝幼苗生长发育,其中3:1(V:V)蚯蚓粪复合基质促进作用最大,与对照相比,株高、茎粗、全株干重、壮苗指数分别增加了15%,15.43%,38.89%,36%.     

蚯蚓粪基质在茄子穴盘育苗中的应用

以蚯蚓粪为主要原料配合不同体积比的蛭石作为穴盘育苗基质,研究了复合基质对茄子种子出苗率及幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,与草炭对比,蚯蚓粪具有容重较大,孔隙度和持水力较小,高P、K含量和低N含量等特性;2∶1(V∶V)蚯蚓粪复合基质育苗效果最佳,可增加茄子种子出苗率,提高幼苗质量,与对照相比,株高、茎粗、根体积、全株干重、壮苗指数分别增加了31.3%、20.7%、60.1%、80.3%、62.5%,差异达显著水平。     

蚯蚓粪基质在西瓜穴盘育苗中的应用研究

通过对蚯蚓粪理化性质的测定及其与草炭的对比,探讨了蚯蚓粪作为育苗基质的可行性;以蚯蚓粪为主要原料配合不同体积比的蛭石作为育苗基质,研究了复合基质对西瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:与草炭相比,蚯蚓粪具有容重较大、孔隙度和持水力较小,高磷、钾含量和低氮含量等特性;3:1(v:v)蚯蚓粪复合基质育苗效果最佳,既提高了西瓜种子出苗率,又促进了幼苗生长发育,与对照相比,根体积、全株干重、壮苗指数分别增加了129．17％、22．95％、21．18％。     

不同育苗基质对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

为了节约草炭的用量,充分利用农作物秸秆在育苗基质中的应用,以"贞德F1"黄瓜为试材,以草炭、蛭石常规育苗基质为对照,将小麦残茬、玉米秸秆、菊芋叶、菊芋茎、蚯蚓粪等按不同比例混配进行黄瓜育苗,研究其在黄瓜育苗中的应用效果。结果表明:50%蚯蚓粪处理的育苗基质的黄瓜幼苗不论是在株高、茎粗、地上和地下部鲜、干质量等方面均显著高于对照,其次是小麦残茬处理的育苗基质在地下部干质量、壮苗指数、根体积、根直径等方面均显著高于对照,且差异显著。由此可见,草炭、蛭石基质添加2%小麦残茬和50%蚯蚓粪的育苗基质更适合黄瓜幼苗的生长。     

黄瓜蚯蚓粪基质穴盘育苗肥料添加量的研究

将蚯蚓粪和蛭石按2:1(体积比)的比例组成复合基质,然后添加不同数量的CO(NH2)2和KNO3,用于黄瓜穴盘育苗.根据壮苗指数,筛选出的最佳肥料添加量是CO(NH2)2 0.8 kg/m3和KNO3 0.4 kg/m3,与常规草炭系基质相比,黄瓜幼苗的出苗率、叶绿素总量和单株干重分别提高1%,68.9%和34.9%.     

蚯蚓粪育苗基质在辣椒育苗中的应用

以淮阴市蔬菜所研制的有机活性基质为对照(CK),设置了10种自制蚯蚓粪基质配方处理,研究了不同配方蚯蚓粪基质在辣椒育苗前期、中期和后期对幼苗株高、茎粗、开展度、叶绿素含量、叶片数、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地上部干质量和地下部干质量等性状的影响.研究结果表明,蚓粪+蛭石+N2+P+K基质配方处理的效果最佳,幼苗质量良好、生长健壮,且与其他基质配方相比,差异达显著水平,是较理想的辣椒育苗基质.     

西瓜穴盘育苗播后灌溉施肥技术研究

以西瓜‘中选1号’品种为试材,研究了与播前启动肥配套的播后不同施肥种类、施肥浓度及施肥频率对西瓜幼苗生长发育及壮苗形成的影响,通过测定茎粗度、全株干质量等形态指标及叶绿素含量、根系活力等生理指标,筛选出西瓜穴盘育苗播后灌溉施肥较优处理为:子叶平展至2片真叶平展时12-2-14、20-10-20两种肥料交替使用,施肥浓度为100 mg·kg-1N;2片真叶平展至4片真叶平展时12-2-14、20-10-20两种肥料交替施用,施肥浓度为200 mg·kg-1N;4片真叶平展至6片真叶平展时12-2-14、20-20-20两种肥料交替施用,施肥浓度为300 mg·kg-1N,3个阶段施肥频率均为1次肥、2次水。西瓜幼苗表现为壮苗指数增加、叶绿素含量升高和根系活力增强,分别比其他处理提高了5.14%¹6.83%、2.71%16.83%、2.71%⁶.09%、5.41%6.09%、5.41%¹0.05%。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.