手扶驱动式圆盘犁的使用调整

手扶驱动式圆盘犁的使用调整福建农业大学机电工程系方文熙，张性雄手扶驱动式圆盘犁（以下简称手扶驱圆犁）是一种与国产８．８ＫＷ级手扶拖拉机配套的新型高效节能的耕地机具。适用于南、北方稻作区农业生产的水、旱田耕翻作业；在高产绿肥田、稻麦秸杆返田及烟叶地、蔬...     

驱动式圆盘犁常见故障分析

<正>圆盘犁是以凹面圆盘作为工作部件,圆盘犁可以由一个或多个圆盘组成。由多个圆盘组成的犁,每个圆盘独立安装在与主斜梁焊接的犁柱上,进行翻土碎土作业。圆盘犁是新型的土壤耕作工具,常用于旱作区熟地或荒地的耕翻作业,特别适用于耕翻高产绿肥田及稻麦茬的还田作业。圆盘犁按有无动力驱动分为驱动型和通用型两大类。我们这里主要讲驱动型圆盘犁的结构原理及常见故障的排除。一、驱动式圆盘犁的结构原理驱动式圆盘犁一般由悬挂架、齿轮箱体、框架、圆盘     

驱动圆盘犁与双刃型旋耕刀组合式耕整机设计与试验

针对传统旋耕式耕整机在稻-油或稻-稻-油水旱轮作的油菜种植模式下进行耕整地作业易存在整机通过性、适应性差,旋耕装置作业碎土率低、刀辊易缠草、秸秆埋覆性能差等问题,设计了一种驱动圆盘犁与双刃型旋耕刀组合式耕整机。提出先主动犁耕后双刃旋耕、两侧开畦沟的工作方式,分析确定了驱动圆盘犁组主要结构参数以及驱动圆盘犁组-开畦沟前犁布局方式;分析确定了一种应用于驱动圆盘犁与双刃型旋耕刀组合式耕整机的双刃型旋耕装置关键结构参数。依据滑切原理确定了具有长刃部和短刃部的双刃型旋耕刀片关键结构参数;根据驱动圆盘犁组结构布局确定了双刃型旋耕装置为双头螺旋线排列方式。利用离散元仿真方法分析了整机的秸秆埋覆性能以及对土壤耕层交换的影响,结果表明整机作业平均秸秆埋覆率为94.69%,且整机作业后土壤耕层混合均匀。在秸秆留茬量不同的两种工况下进行田间性能试验,田间性能试验表明,驱动圆盘犁与双刃型旋耕刀组合式耕整机作业后平均秸秆埋覆率为96.45%,平均碎土率为95.30%,犁组不堵塞,刀辊不易缠草,机组通过性好;田间播种试验表明,整机播种后油菜出苗均匀,整机作业各项指标均满足稻茬地油菜直播种床整备要求。     

驱动圆盘犁简介

驱动圆盘犁是继旋耕机、铧式犁、标准和垂直圆盘犁之后的又一耕作机具,它的研制成功为解决秸杆还田和干耕晒垡等课题提供了方向,应引起农业和农机技术研究和推广人员的高度重视。 一、驱动式圆盘犁的发展 40年代,美国等国开始研究和生产圆盘犁,其产量约为铧式犁的1/10,以后呈下降趋势。至于驱动式圆盘犁,则是在80年代初,日     

驱动式圆盘犁机组平衡分析

对与手扶拖拉机配套的驱动式圆盘犁研究过程中有关机组受力及机组平衡作了分析探讨,确定了机组的合理工作挡位及机组重心位置,提出了减小机组偏转的方法。研究结果可供与手扶拖拉机配套的驱动式圆盘犁产品设计及推广使用部门参考。     

驱动式圆盘犁机组平衡的计算分析

对驱动式圆盘犁机组的平衡问题作了比较详尽的探讨,并利用解析法推导出拖拉机前后轮载荷的变动量、偏转力矩等计算式,论述了拖拉机操向稳定性和驱动式圆盘犁在水平面内平衡的条件,利用驱动式圆盘犁空间力系静力平衡方程组,通过计算机编程计算出不同悬挂参数对机组平衡性能的影响,并以１ＬＹＱ－４２２驱动式圆盘犁机组为实例,以田间实测的驱动式圆盘及尾轮六分力数据为依据对该机组进行上述各项验算和分析,提出了悬挂参数的合     

稻油轮作区驱动圆盘犁对置组合式耕整机设计与试验

针对长江中下游稻油轮作区油菜种植时土壤黏重板结、秸秆量大、播种作业需同步开畦沟的农艺要求,考虑传统耕整作业耕层浅、功耗大的不足,依据驱动圆盘犁组与传统铧式犁相比,不易缠草堵塞、通过性好、牵引阻力小的特征,设计了用于油菜播种的驱动圆盘犁对置组合式耕整机。提出了主动式对置犁耕与被动式开畦沟、碎土、平整相结合的联合耕整作业方案,分析了对称布置的圆盘犁组的动力学和运动学特性,确定了其主要结构和工作参数。根据犁体曲面成形原理,设计了开畦沟前犁犁体曲面;依据组合式船型开沟器与土壤挤压互作机制的分析,确定了开畦沟区域宽度为350 mm时,开畦沟系统作业后可有效保证畦沟和种床厢面质量。耕深稳定性试验表明,整机作业实际耕深与限深深度基本一致,耕深稳定性系数均在90%以上。厢面质量试验表明,开畦沟系统在中间开畦沟区域能开出沟宽241.6~293.5 mm,沟深328.6~370.8 mm的梯形沟。经组合式船型开沟器挤压的土壤对犁沟的实际填埋率高于87.67%,碎土辊作业后厢面平整度为22.45~26.70 mm,碎土率为60.14%~68.37%。正交试验结果表明,整机较优工作参数为:限深深度为180 mm,机组前进速度为3.5 km/h,圆盘犁组转速为160 r/min,此时整机功耗为24.37 k W,相比传统旋耕方式的油菜播种种床整备机具的功耗降低了37.67%,秸秆埋覆率为92.78%,碎土率为66.74%,厢面平整度为24.18 mm,土壤对犁沟平均填埋率为92.3%,满足油菜播种的农艺要求。     

驱动圆盘犁的研究与设计

驱动圆盘犁对土堡侧面和底部的土壤进行旋转滑切,将土垡底部的土壤由沟底撕裂开形成土垡,并利用圆盘的旋转将土垡抬升并翻转.为此,以研究驱动圆盘犁为目标,分析了驱动圆盘犁各几何参数和工作参数对其工作过程的影响,为驱动圆盘犁的研制提供了可靠的理论依据.通过理论分析,阐明了驱动圆盘犁的运动学特性,推导了残耕高度的计算公式.     

从北方看旋耕机械的推广发展趋势

1旋耕机械作业具有发展优势 由拖拉机动力输出轴驱动工作部件对土壤进行作业的耕作机械统称为驱动型耕作机械，由于它比牵引型耕作机械具有更多的优点，因而在国内外已发展成为农业机械的一个重要门类。驱动型耕作机械产品主要有旋耕机及复式作业机、驱动式圆盘犁、耕耙犁、水田驱动耙和立式转齿耙等，但产量比较大的主要是旋耕机。     

大型高效旋耕机械发展预测

我国目前的驱动型耕作机械产品有旋耕机及复式作业机、驱动式圆盘犁、耕耙犁、水田驱动耙、立式转齿耙等,其中产量比较大且有多家制造厂形成小行业的主要是旋耕机。９０年代以来研制了一批旋耕复式作业机具,逐步投放市场。目前国内大中型拖拉机配套旋耕机保有量约１５万...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。