纤维素酶、果胶酶及半纤维素酶对肉仔鸡DDGS型日粮养分消化率的影响

<正>饲料成本占家禽生产成本的60%～70%,而饲料中非淀粉多糖(NSP)是限制家禽对营养物质消化吸收的主要因素之一。NSP包裹了近10%的CP,添加NSP     

半纤维素酶在饲料工业中的应用研究

半纤维素是由木糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和五碳糖结合而成的一类碳水化合物。在植物细胞壁中其含量仅次于纤维素,约占植物干重的35%。作为粗纤维的一种,半纤维素广泛应用于饲料当中。在家禽消化道中,只有共生微生物区系所分泌的酶才能使半纤维素得以分解利用。一般的反刍动物由于瘤胃中有着数量巨大、功能各异的微生物体系,对半纤维素的利用率可达60%～80%,而单胃动物对半纤维素的利用率较低。为提高饲料利用率,国外研制一种半纤维素酶。该酶能将植物细胞壁中半纤维素分解成葡萄糖,同时还可解除细胞壁对其它营养成分的封阻作用。半纤维素酶作为一…     

信息之窗

澳大利亚养禽业"缺水"据澳大利亚家禽协会公布的数据显示,目前的干旱天气已经对澳洲家禽养殖行业的发展造成了严重的影响,并开始引发了一些部门的损失。澳洲家禽协会称,天气干旱对家禽行业的影响主要表现在,谷物价格上涨,而谷物作为禽类的主要饲料产品,目前的价格已经上涨了80%,这无形中提高了禽类饲养的成本。现在澳洲家禽饲养成本中,60%以上用于饲料购买。家禽饲料中,小麦和高梁的数量合计可占饲料总量的65%,其他作为饲料的谷物还包括玉米、大麦、燕麦等作物。     

家禽的饲养技术

饲养技术的好坏直接影响家禽的生存、生长和生产,因此,它是家禽饲养管理中的重要一环.饲养技术包括几方面的内容.一、饲料的配合家禽饲料有多种,在配合家禽的日粮时,各类饲料的大致搭配比例为:籽实类及其加工副产品30～60%,块根茎类及其加工副产品(干重)15～30%,动物性蛋白料5～20%,植物性蛋白料5～20%,青饲料和     

对无鱼粉饲料配方的异议及验证报告

鱼粉是家禽饲料的重要组成成分,对改善饲料品质,提高饲料的整体效能具有非常明显的作用。而"无鱼粉饲料配方"则很难发挥家禽的最大生产潜能。试验证明,采用2%-3%的鱼粉配制家禽饲料,尽管成本可能略增,但按其所增加的产值,仍比用"无鱼粉饲料配方"合算。     

开发无粮型饲料前景广阔

一、锯末饲料:利用水蒸汽和催化剂,把锯末经过高温高压处理,可使纤维素水解成淀粉质和糖类。据试验,用这种饲料掺入普通饲料中喂家禽、家畜,可降低成本20%,提高产奶量10%以上。二、松叶饲料:松树叶含有大量的蛋白质以及各种纤维素,掺入其它饲料,用来喂养家畜家禽,在鸡饲料中加入5%的松叶饲料,可提高产蛋率15%。三、烟杆饲料:烟杆用水泡胀,再经碱溶液处理和高温加工即成。它含有丰富的蛋白质,碳水化合物,脂肪,维生素,可提高家禽、家畜的产量。     

蛋氨酸在家禽饲料中具有药用功能

据美国佐治亚州立大学生物科学家的研究证明,在家禽饲料配方中添加蛋氨酸,不仅可以调节饲料的营养比例,而且更重要的是具有药用功能。试验证实,蛋氨酸能有效地抑制各种毒素(如黄曲霉素等)的生长,对家禽具有防病保健作用。试验证明,长期对家禽饲喂不含蛋氨酸的饲料,家禽的患病感染率高达86%;而饲喂含有蛋氨酸添加剂的饲料,在同样的环境条件下,家禽的患病感染率仅为     

研究表明家禽垫料燃烧灰分可用作肉鸡饲料Ca和P来源

正家禽生产中的鸡舍垫料通常作为废弃物或有机肥原料处理,近期美国奥本大学研究人员开展了一项研究,为家禽垫料用作饲料添加剂开辟了一个新途径。试验用不同水平(0、25%、50%、75%和100%)的家禽垫料灰分替代肉鸡日粮中磷酸氢钙以评估家禽垫料燃烧灰分用作饲料添加剂的作用效果,替代比例以二者重量换算。研究结果表明,100%的垫料灰分替代组与25%垫料灰分替代组相比,试验鸡21日龄体增重下降。而在整个试验周期结束后,即41日龄时,各组肉鸡体增重、饲料消耗和饲料转化率均无显著差异,并且100%垫料灰     

家禽氯化钠中毒

饲料中加入适量物质盐,不但可以增加饲料的适口性和增进家禽的食欲,而且可以满足机体维持体液渗透压和调节体液容量的需要。但食入盐过多,可以引起中毒,正常家禽约需要食盐占粉料的0.25%～0.5%,每只家禽每天需要食盐0.25～0.5g。     

三黄鸡饲喂固态发酵多酶复合物的效果研究

在家禽生产中,饲料成本占饲养总成本的60%￣70%。在饲料原料资源紧缺和价格飙升的情况下,为了降低饲料成本,家禽养殖者在饲料配制中使用数量越来越少而质量越来越高的饲料原料逐渐成为饲料工业的全球化趋势,这意味着养殖业不得不越来越多地依赖进口谷物,而世界谷物价格的波动使     

无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交试验

用无角陶赛特羊与青海省饲养的小尾寒羊进行杂交,试验结果表明:陶寒F1具有增重速度快、产肉性能高的优点,陶寒F13月龄重、6月龄重分别比小尾寒羊提高1.29kg(P<0.05)、5.58kg(P<0.01);日增重提高29.82g;胴体重、净肉重和眼肌面积分别提高5.13kg(P<0.01)、4.58kg(P<0.01)和4.0cm(P<0.01),杂交效果显著。     

Long-term treatment with carprofen of 805 dogs with osteoarthritis

The pain-relieving effect of carprofen and tolerance to the drug were investigated in 805 dogs that were lame as a result of osteoarthritis. The dogs were of different breeds, ages and bodyweights and of both sexes, and were selected from 51 veterinary clinics. Each dog was treated orally by its owner with 4 mg/kg carprofen for 84 consecutive days. Twenty-four dogs were removed from the study because of side effects, and 55 left the study for reasons unrelated to the treatment. The condition of the dogs and the benefit of the treatment were evaluated by the veterinary surgeons and the owners after 14 days, and at the end of the period of treatment, when 194 of the dogs (26.7 per cent) were no longer lame, and 357 (49.2 per cent) had improved. The period for which the dogs had been lame before entering the study significantly (P<0.01) affected the results and the rate of improvement. Too much exercise during the 84 days of treatment caused some dogs to relapse.     

Complications and survival associated with surgical compared with medical management of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Based on clinical observation, it is hypothesised that horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ) that are treated surgically have a shorter duration, smaller volume, and slower rate of nasogastric reflux (NGR) compared to horses treated medically, are more likely to develop diarrhoea than medically managed cases, and have a higher incisional infection rate than a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. OBJECTIVES: To compare: 1) duration, volume and rate of NGR and the percentage of horses with diarrhoea between medically and surgically treated DPJ cases; and 2) incisional infection rate in horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration to a sample population of horses undergoing abdominal exploration for gastrointestinal disease other than DPJ. METHODS: Medical records of cases with DPJ diagnosed 1995-2006 were reviewed. Information obtained included subject details, presenting clinical findings, treatment category (medical/surgical), complications (diarrhoea, incisional infection), and outcome (survival/nonsurvival). Data were analysed using a Chi-squared test and a mixed model analysis of variance. Level of significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: Compared to medical cases, surgical cases had significantly decreased survival, a longer duration and larger total volume of NGR, and were more likely to develop diarrhoea. The incisional infection rate for horses with DPJ undergoing abdominal exploration was 16% compared to 7% for the sample population of horses. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of horses with DPJ did not lead to resolution of NGR faster than medical treatment. Surgical cases were more likely to develop diarrhoea and did not have a significantly higher incisional infection rate than the sample population.     

Treatment with gabapentin of 11 dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy

Eleven dogs diagnosed with refractory idiopathic epilepsy were treated orally with gabapentin for a minimum of three months at an initial dose of 10 mg/kg every eight hours. They were all experiencing episodes of generalised tonic-clonic seizures and had been treated chronically with a combination of phenobarbital and potassium bromide at doses sufficient to reach acceptable therapeutic serum levels without causing significant side effects. In each dog, the number of seizures per week, the average duration of the seizures and the number of days on which seizures occurred were compared for the three months before and after they were treated with gabapentin. A minimum 50 per cent reduction in the number of seizures per week was interpreted as a positive response to gabapentin, and six of the dogs showed a positive response. After the addition of gabapentin, both the number of seizures per week (P= 0.005) and the number of days with any seizures in a one-week period (P=0.03) were significantly reduced. Mild side effects of ataxia and sedation were observed in five of the dogs, but they were not severe enough to warrant the treatment being discontinued during the trial.     

Treatment of bitches with acquired urinary incontinence with oestriol.

Oestriol, a naturally occurring short-acting oestrogen, was used to treat acquired urinary incontinence in 129 bitches selected by 48 veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Germany. The dogs were treated daily for 42 days with oestriol tablets, using a self-controlled study design. The dogs were examined and blood sampled at the beginning and end of the trial. According to the veterinary practitioners 83 per cent of the dogs either became continent or improved, but the others showed no change or became worse. The owners reported similar results: 82 per cent of the dogs responded to treatment and the others did not. The dose and treatment schedule for each dog were established on the basis of clinical efficacy. Mild and transient oestrogenic effects such as swelling of the vulva and attractiveness to male dogs were observed soon after the treatment began and at the higher dose schedule used in 12 of the dogs. A haematological examination of 114 of the dogs revealed no abnormalities.     

Anesthesia of growing pigs with tiletamine-zolazepam and reversal with flumazenil

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tiletamine/zolazepam and the effect of flumazenil on the recovery from tiletamine/zolazepam anesthesia in the pig. Six Landrace and Yorkshire cross-bred pigs (three females and three males, 3-4 months old) weighing 35.8 ± 1.7 kg were used in this study. Pigs were given tiletamine/zolazepam intramuscularly at a dose of 4.4 mg kg(-1) (2.2 mg kg(-1) tiletamine and 2.2 mg kg(-1) zolazepam) of body weight. Twenty minutes after the administration of tiletamine/zolazem, the pigs were given saline solution (control, Group TZ) or given flumazenil intravenously at a dose of 0.08 mg kg(-1) of body weight (Group TZF). Anesthesia and recovery times, scores of anesthetic effects and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded for each pig. There was a significant difference between the duration of tiletamine/zolazepam anesthesia with and without the antagonist. Flumazenil significantly shortened the recovery time. A significant difference in blood gas variables was observed between the two groups. The anesthetic effects induced by tiletamine/zolazepam could be reversed successfully and safely by flumazenil alone. Therefore, flumazenil administration could be considered in cases in which quick recovery is required in pigs.     

Treatment of eight dogs with nasal tumours with alternating doses of doxorubicin and carboplatin in conjunction with oral piroxicam

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in the treatment of canine nasal tumours. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study PROCEDURE: Eight dogs with histologically confirmed nasal tumours were staged by means of complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, cytological analysis of fine needle aspirate of the regional lymph nodes, thoracic radiographs and computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity. All dogs were treated with alternating doses of doxorubicin, carboplatin and oral piroxicam. All dogs were monitored for side effects of chemotherapy and evaluated for response to treatment by computed tomography scan of the nasal cavity after the first four treatments. RESULTS: Complete remission was achieved in four dogs, partial remission occurred in two dogs and two had stable disease on the basis of computed tomography evaluation. There was resolution of clinical signs after one to two doses of chemotherapy in all dogs. CONCLUSIONS: This chemotherapy protocol was efficacious and well tolerated in this series of eight cases of canine nasal tumours.