芦荟绿豆酒的研制

以芦荟和绿豆为原料进行了发酵酿酒试验。结果表明:芦荟汁与绿豆汁按1∶4的比例混合,加入23%的蔗糖0、.3 g/L的果酒酵母及0.6 g/L的增香酵母,20℃前发酵10 d,28℃后发酵15 d,15℃陈酿1个月,然后经澄清、灭菌、包装等工艺后制得芦荟绿豆酒。成品酒不但营养丰富、醇香怡人,而且滋补健身、美容养颜,是一种保健饮品。     

开菲尔蛹虫草发酵乳保健饮料的研制

本文通过以开菲尔粒为发酵剂,对开菲尔蛹虫草发酵保健饮料工艺条件进行研究。通过单因素及L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验得出最佳工艺参数为:蛹虫草菌丝体的添加量为15%,开菲尔接种量为6%,白砂糖的添加量为6%,蔗糖酯添加量0.6%,发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为24h。L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验影响产品品质的主次因素为发酵温度>发酵时间>开菲尔接种量>白砂糖添加量。在此工艺条件下制得的产品营养丰富,口感细腻,风味独特,具有一定的保健功效。     

枇杷果酒的工艺研究

以枇杷为主要原料,制汁后以活性干酵母发酵来制得枇杷果酒,对发酵工艺条件、澄清和调配进行了详细研究.结果表明:最佳发酵条件为:温度25℃、接种量5%、SO2添加量为80 mg/L、初始pH值为4.0,在发酵8 d后,残糖量和酒度基本不再变化,可终止发酵;添加0.10%的皂土进行澄清效果较好,生成沉淀多;发酵酒原液添加白砂糖2%、蜂蜜0.2%、苹果酸0.1%、柠檬酸0.2%进行调配后,得到的枇杷酒甜酸适口、风味较好.     

番茄蜂蜜果酒的发酵工艺研究

本文选用新鲜的番茄为原料、蜂蜜作为碳源,发酵制作番茄蜂蜜果酒。通过单因素和正交试验,得到番茄蜂蜜果酒发酵的最佳工艺参数:初始糖浓度为20%,发酵时间7 d,初始pH 4.7,酵母接种量0.4 g/L,发酵温度26℃。该条件下得到的番茄蜂蜜果酒金黄澄清、酸甜可口,酒精度为9.0%、残留总糖为5.8 g/L、总酸为7.12 g/L,大肠菌群、致病菌均未检出,该结果达到了果酒生产的理化和卫生标准。     

仁用杏果肉生产果醋的工艺研究

以果仁为试材,通过单因素试验和正交实验确定了酒精发酵和醋酸发酵的工艺参数,探讨以仁用杏的果肉为原料的果醋生产工艺。结果表明:由于仁用杏果肉中的含糖量较低,酒精发酵的最佳工艺参数为蔗糖添加量为8%、酵母菌接种量为0.7%、发酵温度为25℃、发酵时间为5d;醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件为酒精度7%、醋酸杆菌接种量0.8%、发酵温度32℃、发酵时间7d;得到的果醋具有浓郁的杏果味,口味纯正。     

南瓜酒加工工艺研究

以南瓜为原料,研究了南瓜酒的发酵工艺。结果表明:南瓜酒最佳工艺参数为:发酵温度为(20±1)℃、初始糖度20%、初始pH 4.5、接种量为0.6g/L、SO2添加量100mg/L。     

苹果山楂葡萄复合果酒的工艺研究

以新鲜苹果汁、山楂汁和葡萄汁为原料,按比例混合后进行复合果酒的酿造,并通过单因素水平试验和正交实验确定了复合果酒的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:果汁的最佳配比为苹果汁∶山楂汁∶葡萄汁为7∶2∶1,酵母添加量为5.0g/L,发酵温度26℃。同时对复合果酒的稳定性进行了研究,确定以皂土作为澄清剂,用量为0.15%效果最佳。     

大平顶枣保健果醋酿造工艺探究

本文以大平顶枣为原料,经过深层液态发酵法酿造保健果醋,研究了影响大枣保健果醋的发酵条件,确定最佳酿造工艺。结果表明,大平顶枣最佳果醋发酵条件:发酵温度32℃,添加食用酒精量8%,发酵时间3d,接种量6%。     

玛咖、松花粉保健酸奶的开发与研究

以玛咖、松花粉、纯牛奶为主要原料,以白砂糖、水、明胶、CMC、单甘脂为辅料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定了凝固型玛咖松花粉保健酸奶的加工工艺和相关参数。试验结果表明,当玛咖提取液浓度为15%,松花粉添加量为4%、白砂糖添加量为8%、发酵剂接种量为4%,其余为纯牛奶,发酵温度45℃,发酵时间8 h的配比,得到的凝固型玛咖松花粉保健酸奶口味最佳。试验得到的产品具有玛咖特有香气松花粉特有的松香味,香气协调,微黄,组织细腻,营养丰富。     

红树莓果酒的酿造工艺研究

中国盛产小浆果,但小浆果不容易保存且季节性强,因此附加值较低,为了提高小浆果的产品附加值,本试验研究了小浆果酒的发酵工艺,并探讨了解决出汁率低,果酒单宁含量过少所导致的货架期短、挥发酸高、不易澄清等问题。试验以小浆果红树莓为原料,经破碎、酶解、澄清、发酵、过滤等工艺,制得了发酵型红树莓果酒,经过单因素和正交试验优化发酵工艺,确定最佳的酿造工艺条件。结果表明,酶解过程采用25 g/kL EMACLAR果胶酶和25 g/kL EVZYM果胶酶低温酶解14 h,与传统方式对比,出汁率提高了10%;发酵过程,红树莓果汁初始糖度19%,利用VP5为酿酒酵母,接种量为10%,发酵温度22℃;发酵结束后使用树脂降酸,澄清过程使用30 g/100 L硅藻土、15 g/100 L明胶复合澄清的方式。在此工艺条件下得到的红树莓果酒酸度爽口,色泽清亮、均匀,有明显的树莓香气和纯正的发酵型香气。     

Postharvest quality response of strawberries with aloe vera coating during refrigerated storage

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were coated either with chitosan (1, 1.5, and 2% solution, w/v) or aloe vera (AV) gel and the coatings were air dried. Coated strawberries were put in a polypropylene box and stored in refrigerator (6 ± 1°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. The success of coating in retaining the postharvest quality of the strawberries was evaluated by determining respiration rate, firmness, weight loss, external colour change, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, microbial decay and sensory quality. The incidence of microbial rot started on day-6 in uncoated and 1% chitosan coated strawberries. Strawberries coated with 1.5 and 2% chitosan were affected by microbial decay on day-9 of storage. On the other hand, rot incidence was initiated in AV gel coated strawberries on day-15 of storage. Aloe vera gel or chitosan coating reduced respiration rate, weight loss, and microbial decay and preserved firmness, ascorbic acid content, and other quality parameters, thus delaying ripening and the progress of fruit decay due to senescence or microbial attack. Furthermore, AV gel delayed the changes in external colour and retained all other postharvest quality of strawberries compared to chitosan coated or uncoated ones throughout the storage.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.