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在移动机器人路径规划中需要考虑距离约束和时间约束,同时,为了使机器人在能量补给不足的情况下更高效地执行更多的任务,降低运动过程中的能耗变得尤为重要。考虑到机器人对降低能耗和路径规划效率两方面的需求,本文提出了一种基于改进AD~*(Anytime Dynamic A~*)算法的低能耗移动机器人最优路径规划方法,该方法可以降低能耗,又兼顾距离约束和时间约束。首先,通过构建机器人动力学模型及其在运动过程中的能耗模型,实现对路径的能耗计算。结合机器人运动学模型,采用基于采样的模型预测算法(Sample based model predictive optimization,SBMPO)生成优化轨迹簇。然后,改进AD~*算法,将距离成本和能耗成本融入搜索节点的评估函数,根据轨迹簇中的节点连接关系和环境地图进行在线规划,以获得能耗最优的路径。最后,通过设计仿真测试场景将所提出的能耗最优路径规划方法与距离最优规划方法进行规划结果对比,验证了算法的有效性。 相似文献
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在移动机器人路径规划中需要考虑距离约束和时间约束,同时,为了使机器人在能量补给不足的情况下更高效地执行更多的任务,降低运动过程中的能耗变得尤为重要。兼顾考虑机器人对降低能耗和路径规划效率两方面的需求,本文提出了一种基于改进AD*(Anytime dynamic A*)算法的移动机器人低能耗最优路径规划方法。首先,通过构建机器人动力学模型及其在运动过程中的能耗模型,实现对路径的能耗计算。结合机器人运动学模型,采用基于采样的模型预测算法(Sample based model predictive optimization,SBMPO)生成优化轨迹簇。然后,改进AD*算法,将距离成本和能耗成本融入搜索节点的评估函数,根据轨迹簇中的节点连接关系和环境地图进行在线规划,以获得能耗最优的路径。最后,通过设计仿真测试场景,将所提出的能耗最优路径规划方法与距离最优规划方法进行规划结果对比,验证了算法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对移动机器人提出了一种基于动态反馈A~*蚁群算法的平滑路径规划方法。首先,为了克服蚁群算法收敛速度慢的缺点,提出了简化A~*算法来优化初始信息素设置以解决初次搜索的盲目性,并借鉴多策略进化机制加强算法的全局搜索能力。其次,为了进一步提高算法在路径规划中的适应能力,解决陷入局部极小和停滞问题,引入闭环反馈思想来实现参数的动态自适应调节。最后,结合三次B样条曲线对所规划的路径进行平滑处理,以满足移动机器人实际运动路径的要求。通过仿真表明:与原蚁群算法相比,动态反馈A~*蚁群算法平均可减少10.4%的路径成本和65.8%的计算时长。同时,该算法在动态和静态环境中,均能快速规划出一条光滑优质路径。 相似文献
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为提高果园机器人在果园中作业的自主性、安全性和效率,需要进行有效合理的运动规划。针对传统RRT*(Rapidly exploring random tree star)全局路径规划算法在连续走廊式环境下存在搜索效率低、采样点利用率低、生成路径折线多转角大等问题,以阿克曼底盘果园喷雾机器人为运动模型,提出一种改进双向RRT*的果园喷雾机器人运动规划算法。首先,根据激光雷达建立果园二维平面地图,将果树和障碍物均视为障碍物区域,并结合喷雾机器人本体尺寸,对障碍物进行膨胀化处理;然后,通过改进双向RRT*算法搜索路径,搜索路径过程中结合动态末梢节点导向和势场导向进行偏置采样,并对初步生成的路径进行路径点去冗余以及相邻折线段转角约束处理;最后,采用三阶准均匀B样条曲线对处理后的路径点进行轨迹优化,在优化过程中主要考虑轨迹的碰撞检测和喷雾机器人底盘曲率约束。试验结果表明,相较于传统双向RRT*算法,本文所提出的改进算法规划时间平均减少57.5%,采样点利用率平均提高28.55个百分点,最终路径长度平均缩短7.14%;经三阶准均匀B样条曲线优化后所得轨迹在有、无障碍物两种环境下均满足喷雾机器人最大曲率约束,且仅在换行以及障碍物处存在转弯行为,符合喷雾机器人作业轨迹条件,提高了喷雾机器人的工作效率和自主性。 相似文献
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《农业装备与车辆工程》2021,59(5)
路径规划是移动机器人、无人机飞行等技术的重要研究内容,随着约束条件的增加,对路径规划算法的效率和精确性的要求也逐步提高。采用改进的A~*搜索算法,将航迹最短的同时经过的校正点尽可能少作为目标,对智能飞行器在多约束条件下航迹快速规划进行研究。通过飞行器校正约束条件,计算每次经过校正点后的最大飞行半径,并将该点作为初始点,在可行域中选取最优点作为下一校正点。因为飞行器存在转弯半径,所以对转弯航迹进行了计算,并推导了三维空间内的旋转矩阵。结果表明,改进的A~*算法能够迅速地完成所需航迹规划需求。 相似文献
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基于改进粒子群算法的路径规划 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
传统粒子群算法存在收敛精度低、搜索停滞等缺点,导致机器人路径规划精度低。为了提高路径规划的精度,对传统的粒子群算法进行改进。首先在算法运行的各阶段对惯性权重因子和加速因子同时使用三角函数的变化方式自适应调整,使算法中的参数在算法运行各阶段的配合达到最佳,提高了算法的搜索能力;其次在算法中引入鸡群算法中的母鸡更新方程和小鸡更新方程对搜索停滞的粒子进行扰动,并在引进的方程中使用全局最优解使扰动后的粒子向全局最优解靠近;最后通过函数优化和路径规划两组对比实验,验证了改进算法在问题优化时具有寻优精度高、鲁棒性好的优点。 相似文献
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基于方向A*算法的温室机器人实时路径规划 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对复杂环境下的温室机器人路径规划问题,重点研究了生成路径的平滑设计、碰撞检测和算法实时性,提出一种方向A~*算法。首先采用"视野线"平滑原则优化路径,消除锯齿效应并避免部分碰撞;其次应用"圆弧—直线—圆弧"转弯策略,避免机器人本体宽度影响;最后基于二叉堆加速算法,提升算法计算效率。仿真实验结果表明,方向A~*算法满足平滑要求且能有效避免碰撞,加速算法平均提速4~7倍。同时,机器人在真实实验环境下能实现安全自主导航,跟踪误差小于0.15 m,验证了所提方法的可行性。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献