Dietary lipid requirement of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles cultured in biofloc system

An eight‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the contribution of biofloc on dietary lipid requirement in whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Five diets with graded levels of dietary lipid (45, 60, 90, 120 and 150 g/kg) were fed to juvenile shrimp. Final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of shrimp fed diets with 60, 90 and 120 g/kg lipid levels were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed diets with lipid levels 45 and 150 g/kg (p < .05). Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of shrimp fed 60, 90 and 120 g/kg were higher than those fed 150 g/kg diet. Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were lower in shrimp fed 45 g/kg compared with those fed the 90 g/kg (p < .05). Also, lysozyme activity for 90 g/kg group was higher than the 15 g/kg group. Hepatopancreas lipase and amylase activities of shrimp fed 90 and 120 g/kg diets were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed 45 and 150 g/kg diets. Broken‐line regression analysis for weight gain indicated that the dietary lipid requirement of whiteleg shrimp juveniles reared in a biofloc system was estimated to be higher than 56 g/kg but <60 g/kg.     

Optimum dietary protein‐to‐energy ratio for juvenile whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,reared in a biofloc system

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the optimum dietary protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratio in juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six diets were formulated with two protein levels (30% and 35%) and three digestible energy levels (16, 17.5 and 19 kJ/g diet) at each protein level (₃₀P₁₆, ₃₀P_17.5, ₃₀P₁₉, ₃₅P₁₆, ₃₅P_17.5 and ₃₅P₁₉). Fifty shrimp averaging 0.97 ± 0.03g (Mean ± SD) were randomly distributed in biofloc tanks and fed one of the experimental diets. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of shrimp fed the ₃₅P_17.5 diet were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed ₃₀P₁₆, ₃₀P_17.5 and ₃₀P₁₉ diets (p < .05). Results for non‐specific immune responses showed that diet ₃₅P_17.5 caused higher lysozyme activity in shrimp comparing to lower protein diets. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of plasma were lower for shrimp fed on diets consisting of higher protein and energy levels than shrimp fed on the ₃₀P₁₉ diet. Analyses of digestive enzyme activities showed higher trypsin activities for shrimp fed on ₃₅P_17.5 and ₃₅P₁₉ diets comparing to ₃₀P₁₆ and ₃₀P_17.5 diets. Also, hepatopancreatic lipase activity of shrimp fed ₃₅P₁₆, ₃₅P_17.5 and ₃₅P₁₉ diets were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed the other diets. In conclusion, based on the results for growth performance, biochemical parameters, immune responses, oxidative stress and enzyme activities, 35% protein and 17.5 kJ/g digestible energy (₃₅P_17.5) could be considered as the optimum protein‐to‐energy ratio in the diet of juvenile whiteleg shrimp reared in a biofloc system.     

Effects of dietary nucleotides on growth,survival and metabolic response in whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei against ammonia stress condition

This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of nucleotides on growth of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and the survival and metabolic responses to ammonia stress test. Experimental diets were as follows: low fish meal diet (LFMD), and four LFMD test diets, each supplemented with 0.1% guanosine monophosphate (GMP), 0.1% inosine monophosphate (IMP), 0.1% mixture of GMP and IMP and 0.1% mixture of GMP, IMP, uridine monophosphate (UMP) and cytidine monophosphate (CMP). The shrimp specimens (initial body weight: 0.99 ± 0.01 g) were randomly allocated into five groups and fed four times daily for 8‐weeks. After the trial, final body weight was recorded and haemolymph was withdrawn for haematological analysis. The shrimp was then challenged with 70 mg/L ammonia (LC50) for 10 days. Survival and haemolymph of the shrimp were taken after exposure to ammonia. The highest growth performance was observed in the shrimp fed diet supplemented with GMP (p < .05), while survival was not influenced by the test diets in the feeding trial. In the ammonia challenge test, the highest survival was observed in the shrimp fed GMP supplemented diet compared to others. The plasma protein, glucose and cholesterol levels increased in all the treatments while triglycerides level decreased post challenge. Cortisol level recovered at day 10th after the challenge. Shrimps fed with nucleotides diets showed higher protein and glucose level compared to control groups post challenge. In general, nucleotides supplemented in the diet enhanced growth, improved stress resistance while modulating the haemolymph metabolites in L. vannamei under ammonia stress.     

Effects of dietary lipid sources on growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth performance and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous semi‐purified diets containing casein, solvent‐extracted soybean meal and gelatin as protein sources, were supplemented with 60 g kg⁻¹ of lipid sources. The lipid sources included: pollack fish oil (PO), pork lard (PL), soy oil (SO), peanut oil (PN), rapeseed oil (RO) and a mixture of pollack fish oil and soy oil (POSO 1 : 1 w/w). Each diet was fed to juvenile shrimp (0.10 g average weight) four times daily in triplicate tanks to apparent satiation (feeding ratio was about 8%) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher for shrimp fed the diet containing PO and the POSO mixture oil than the other lipid sources. The nutritional values of SO, RO, PN and PL were similar. Shrimp fed on PO, mixture oil of POSO and SO had better survival rates than the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed the PL had the lowest survival rate. There were significant differences in lipid contents of whole body and hepatopancreas amongst the dietary treatments; however, lipid contents of tail muscle were not significantly affected by the dietary lipid sources. Shrimps fed POSO diet had higher protein content in whole body than those fed the other lipid sources, and shrimp fed PO diet had highest crude protein content of the tail muscle. A high correlation was found between dietary FA composition and FA composition of whole shrimp. FA composition of the whole body was generally affected by dietary lipid sources, especially dietary unsaturated FA.     

Effect of salinity on survival, growth, oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion of juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

In this study, we tested the lower salinity tolerance of juvenile shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) at a relatively low temperature (20 °C). In the first of two laboratory experiments, we first abruptly transferred shrimps (6.91 ± 0.05 g wet weight, mean ± SE) from the rearing salinity (35 000 mg L^?1) to salinities of 5000, 15 000, 25 000, 35 000 (control) and 40 000 mg L^?1 at 20 °C. The survival of L. vannamei juvenile was not affected by salinities from 15 000 to 40 000 mg L^?1 during the 96‐h exposure periods. Shrimps exposed to 5000 mg L^?1 were significantly affected by salinity, with a survival of 12.5% after 96 h. The 24‐, 48‐ and 96‐h lethal salinity for 50% (LS₅₀) were 7020, 8510 and 9540 mg L^?1 respectively. In the second experiment, shrimps (5.47 ± 0.09 g wet weight, mean ± SE) were acclimatized to the different salinity levels (5000, 15 000, 25 000, 35 000 and 40 000 mg L^?1) and then maintained for 30 days at 20 °C. Results showed that the survival was significantly lower at 5000 mg L^?1 than at other salinity levels, but the final wet weight under 5000 mg L^?1 treatment was significantly higher than those under other treatments (P<0.05). Feed intake (FI) of shrimp under 5000 mg L^?1 was significantly lower than those of shrimp under 150 00–40 000 mg L^?1; food conversion efficiency (FCE), however, showed a contrasting change (P<0.05). Furthermore, salinity significantly influenced the oxygen consumption rates, ammonia‐N excretion rates and the O/N ratio of test shrimps (P<0.05). The results obtained in our work provide evidence that L. vannamei juveniles have limited capacity to tolerate salinities <10 000 mg L^?1 at a relatively low temperature (20 °C). Results also show that L. vannamei juvenile can recover from the abrupt salinity change between 15 000 and 40 000 mg L^?1 within 24 h.     

Dietary protein level and natural food management in the culture of blue (Litopenaeus stylirostris) and white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in microcosms

The effect of dietary protein level and natural food management on the production parameters of blue and white shrimp, as well as on water quality, was evaluated in a microcosms system (plastic pools simulating aquaculture ponds). Two experimental trials were carried out in the facilities of DICTUS, University of Sonora, Northwest México. Treatment with low protein diet (LP) consisted of a low protein input (diet with 250 g kg^?1 crude protein) through the culture period; treatment with high protein diet (HP) consisted of a high protein input (diet with 400 g kg^?1 crude protein) through the trial, and finally treatment VP consisted of an adjustment of protein input (diets with 250, 350 or 400 g kg^?1 crude protein), depending on the abundance of biota (zooplankton and benthos) in the system. Each species responded differently to the treatments. For blue shrimp, low protein input resulted in the lowest final body weight (12.9 ± 0.6 g) and biomass (696.0 g pool^?1). Survival and feed conversion ratio were similar in the three treatments. For white shrimp, the best growth, biomass and food conversion ratio were obtained in the low protein input treatment. Water quality parameters such as nitrate, ammonia and organic matter during the two trials, were better for LP and VP treatments. White shrimp seems to have lower protein requirements than blue shrimp. For the blue shrimp culture, adjusting protein input according to natural food abundance (zooplankton and benthos) in the system, seems to be advantageous because of the possibility of getting a production similar to that obtained with a high protein input through the farming period, but at lower feed cost, and with a lower environmental impact. It is concluded that a high protein input through the whole farming period is not the best feeding strategy for any of the two species.     

低盐度条件下的凡纳滨对虾幼虾亮氨酸营养需求

为了探讨低盐度(0.6～0.8 g/L)条件下初始体质量为(0.38±0.004)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的亮氨酸需求量,以鱼粉、花生麸和L-晶体氨基酸为蛋白源配制含粗蛋白400 g/kg的6种等氮饲料,标记为L7～L12组,各组亮氨酸水平分别为15.95、17.95、19.95、21.95、23.95和25.95 g/kg(饲料干物质).每组3个重复,每个重复30尾虾,进行56 d生长实验.结果表明,凡纳滨对虾幼虾的增重率随饲料亮氨酸水平的升高而升高,当亮氨酸水平达到23.95 g/kg(L11组)时,增重率达到最高值(1143.11±36.40)％,显著高于L7组(P＜0.05);亮氨酸水平继续提高,增重率变化不显著(P＞0.05).幼虾的蛋白质效率、全虾体蛋白沉积率和血淋巴总蛋白随着饲料亮氨酸水平的升高呈现升高趋势,最高值出现在L11组,并显著高于L7组(P＜0.05).各实验组饵料系数、血淋巴谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性和尿素氮含量则呈现降低的趋势,最低值出现在L11组,且显著低于L7组(P＜0.05).以增重率为指标,根据折线模型可知,低盐度条件下凡纳滨对虾幼虾的亮氨酸最适需要量为24.80 g/kg饲料,即61.99 g/kg饲料蛋白.     

Quantitative dietary threonine requirement of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) reared in low-salinity water

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the threonine requirement of juvenile Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in low-salinity water (0.50–1.50 g L⁻¹). Diets 1–6 were formulated to contain 360 g kg⁻¹ crude protein with fish meal, wheat gluten and pre-coated crystalline amino acids with six graded levels of l -threonine (9.9–19.0 g kg⁻¹ dry diet). Diet 7, which was served as a reference, contained only intact proteins (fish meal and wheat gluten). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps (0.48±0.01 g), each four times daily. Shrimps fed the reference diet had similar growth performance and feed utilization efficiency compared with shrimps fed the diets containing 13.3 g kg⁻¹ or higher threonine. Maximum specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio were obtained at 14.6 g kg⁻¹ dietary threonine, and increasing threonine beyond this level did not result in a better performance. Body compositions, triacyglycerol and total protein concentrations in haemolymph were significantly affected by the threonine level; however, the threonine contents in muscle, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in haemolymph were not influenced by the dietary threonine levels. Broken-line regression analysis on SGR indicated that optimal dietary threonine requirement for L. vannamei was 13.6 g kg⁻¹ dry diet (37.8 g kg⁻¹ dietary protein).     

Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on growth performance,immunity and Vibrio alginolyticus resistance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of xylooligosaccharides on growth performance, immunity and Vibriosis alginolyticus resistance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Five diets were formulated to contain 0 (T0), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T4) and 6 (T6) g/kg of xylooligosaccharides, triplicate groups of 40 shrimps with initial weight of 0.10 ± 0.01 g were fed to apparent satiation four times daily. At the end of the feeding trail, ten shrimps from each tank were challenged with V. alginolyticus. Results showed that shrimps fed xylooligosaccharides containing diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency, survival rate and intestinal villi length and area than those of T0. There was no significant difference in final body weight, weight gain rate and chemical compositions of whole shrimp among treatments. Shrimps fed T4 and T6 diets had higher (p < 0.05) phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities than those in T0. Concentration of albumin, phenoloxidase activity and survival rate of shrimps decreased (p < 0.05) after 72 hr of challenge, with SR being greater (p < 0.05) in T2, T4 and T6 than that of in T0. Results demonstrate that supplementing 4–6 g/kg of xylooligosaccharides in diets increased feed efficiency, survival rate, intestinal villi length and area, and improved the resistance of juvenile L. vannamei against V. alginolyticus. This study suggests that xylooligosaccharides could be a potential feed additive in practical diet of juvenile L. vannamei.     

不同卤虫混养比例对生物絮凝系统凡纳滨对虾标粗效果的影响

在生物絮凝凡纳滨对虾养殖系统中,分别以100%、50%、0%的比例投喂活的卤虫幼体(Artemia spp)和饲料(分别记为A组,AF组和F组),研究其对养殖过程中氮素转化途径及转化效率的影响。卤虫以湿质量计算,饲料以干质量计算。试验结果显示,A组亚硝酸盐浓度显著低于另外2组(P<0.05);各组氨氮浓度在养殖第7天时达到峰值,此后迅速降低并维持在1 mg/L以下,3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);3组硝酸盐浓度均无积累,且略有下降;养殖30 d后,A组对虾存活率(35.67%)显著高于其余两组(均低于30%)(P<0.05);A组对虾终末平均体质量为(1.92±0.96)g,显著低于AF组的(2.99±1.85)g和F组的(3.25±1.23)g(P<0.05),原因可能是卤虫的营养成分相比配合饲料较为单一。     

南美白对虾人工感染细菌后肝胰脏中主要变化蛋白的研究

以采自汕头的南美白对虾为研究对象,运用病原菌人工感染、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析(MALDI-TOF/MS)、生物信息学和免疫印迹(Western-blot ting)等现代分子生物学方法,探索和鉴定对虾感染后肝胰脏中的主要变化蛋白。结果表明,南美白对虾人工感染溶藻酸弧菌6h之后,实验组和对照组肝胰脏的SDS-PAGE图谱出现12条明显差异条带,其中分子量分别为75kDa(命名为p75)和73kDa(命名为p73)的两种蛋白变化最为明显,进一步研究显示,p75和p73分别为血蓝蛋白的两个不同的亚基。提示,肝胰脏中的血蓝蛋白可能在对虾抗感染免疫中发挥重要的作用。     

Effects of bioflocs on water quality,and survival,growth and digestive enzyme activities of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in zero‐water exchange culture tanks

A 30‐day experiment was performed to investigate the effects of bioflocs on water quality, and survival, growth and digestive enzyme activities of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Altogether 28 shrimp (7.4 ± 0.1 g) were stocked in each 150 L tank. Two bioflocs treatments and one control were managed: ‘bioflocs 1’ and ‘bioflocs 2’ based on two different densities of the bioflocs, and clean water control without the bioflocs. Brown sugar was added to the bioflocs 1 and bioflocs 2 treatment tanks accounting for 28% and 80% of the shrimp feed respectively (corresponding to proximate C/N ratios of 10 and 14 in daily additions of organic matter respectively), so as to promote bioflocs production and approximately 14 mL L^?1 in treatment bioflocs 1 and 20 mL L^?1 in treatment bioflocs 2 were maintained from day 15. Monitoring of selected water quality parameters throughout the whole experiment period showed that all parameters remained within recommended levels for shrimp culture in the bioflocs treatments at zero‐water exchange, especially low total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen levels. By the end of the experiment, shrimp survival rates were above 86%, with no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the three groups. Both weight gain rate and special growth rate tended to increase in the bioflocs treatments compared to those in the control. Meanwhile, the overall specific activities of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase of the shrimp in the bioflocs treatments were all higher than those in the control; and for the specific activity of the same digestive enzyme, the differences between the bioflocs treatments and the control performed inconsistently among different organs: hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine. Present results suggest that the bioflocs can not only maintain favourable water quality conditions for shrimp culture and help shrimp grow well in zero‐water exchange culture systems, but may also have a positive effect on digestive enzyme activities of the shrimp.     

注射溶藻弧菌疫苗对南美白对虾免疫功能的影响

应用溶藻弧菌疫苗注射南美白对虾,测定了弧菌疫苗对南美白对虾免疫指标的影响以及疫苗的免疫保护作用。结果表明,注射溶藻弧菌疫苗后,血清凝集效价增强,24 h时活力达到最高值,尤其是1.08×108cell/ml组的凝集效价升高最明显,为对照组的6.0倍;在24 h时,3个试验组的凝集效价均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。溶菌活力注射后6 h即达到最高值,1.08×107、1.08×108cell/ml组的溶菌活力明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。抗菌活力在注射后3 h时最高,明显高于对照组。溶血活力在注射疫苗后有所增强,注射后6 h时1.08×106、1.08×107cell/ml组的活力达到最高,而1.08×108cell/ml组12 h时活力达到峰值。注射疫苗对血清超氧化物歧化酶活力基本没有影响。1.08×106、1.08×107、1.08×108cell/ml对南美白对虾的免疫保护率分别为46.3%、61.0%和75.6%。     

饲料中添加核苷酸对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、肠道形态及抗氧化酶活力的影响

本实验旨在研究外源核苷酸混合物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾生长性能、体组成、中肠肠道形态和抗氧化酶活力的影响。选取960尾初始体质量为(1.01±0.02)g的凡纳滨对虾,随机分为8组,分别投喂基础饲料和添加5种核苷酸混合物(5′-腺苷酸∶5′-胞苷酸∶5′-尿苷酸二钠∶5′-肌苷酸二钠∶5′-鸟苷酸二钠=1∶1∶1∶1∶1,mix-NT)的实验饲料,各实验组添加量分别为0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0和1.2 g/kg饲料,养殖期为7周。结果显示,饲料中添加5种核苷酸混合物对凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率(SGR)和饲料系数(FCR)影响不显著(P>0.05)。外源核苷酸显著影响凡纳滨对虾全虾水分含量(P<0.05),但对全虾粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。肝胰指数(HSI)随饲料中核苷酸添加量的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),在0.6 g/kg组达到最高。0.4 g/kg组的肝胰腺谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力及尿酸(UA)含量最低,但与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。中肠肠壁厚度和肠绒毛高度均随着核苷酸添加量的增加呈先升高...     

Growth and body composition of juvenile white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed different ratios of dietary protein to energy

A 10‐week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different protein to energy ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (initial average weight of 0.09 ± 0.002 g, mean ± SE). Twelve practical test diets were formulated to contain four protein levels (300, 340, 380 and 420 g kg^?1) and three lipid levels (50, 75 and 100 g kg^?1). Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps per tank (260 L). The water temperature was 28.5 ± 2 °C and the salinity was 28 ± 1 g L^?1 during the experimental period. The results showed that the growth was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by dietary treatments. Shrimps fed the diets containing 300 g kg^?1 protein showed the poorest growth. However, shrimp fed the 75 g kg^?1 lipid diets had only slightly higher growth than that fed 50 g kg^?1 lipid diets at the same dietary protein level, and even a little decline in growth with the further increase of dietary lipid to 100 g kg^?1. Shrimp fed the diet with 420 g kg^?1protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid had the highest specific growth rate. However, shrimp fed the diet with 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid showed comparable growth, and had the highest protein efficiency ratio, energy retention and feed efficiency ratio among dietary treatments. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in the serum of shrimp increased with increasing dietary lipid level at the same dietary protein level. Body lipid and energy increased with increasing dietary lipid level irrespective of dietary protein. Results of the present study showed that the diet containing 340 g kg^?1 protein and 75 g kg^?1 lipid with digestible protein/digestible energy of 21.1 mg kJ^?1 is optimum for L. vannamei, and the increase of dietary lipid level has not efficient protein‐sparing effect.     

不同抑制剂对凡纳滨对虾多酚氧化酶活性的影响

分析了凡纳滨对虾不同部位多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力的差异,并研究了抗坏血酸、曲酸、4-己基间苯二酚、葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯、植酸等抑制剂对对虾多酚氧化酶活力的抑制作用。试验结果表明,对虾头胸部的PPO活力最高。其中,0.12 g/L曲酸、2 g/L 4-己基间苯二酚5、g/L植酸对对虾PPO活力均有较好的抑制作用,对对虾处理30 min,抑制率分别为38%、36%、51%。     

饲料中益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、肠道菌群及部分免疫指标的影响

以初体质量为(0.11±0.00)g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,在室外水泥池进行10周饲喂实验,研究饲料中添加单一益生菌和复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾生长、消化酶、肠道和粪便菌群及部分免疫指标的影响.以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、虾乐333(复合益生菌)、地衣芽孢杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌(1:1)、虾乐333+地衣芽孢杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌(1:1:1)各1 g/kg,配制5种实验饲料.实验结果显示,复合益生菌饲喂组对虾的特定生长率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而单一益生菌饲喂组与对照组差异不显著(P<0.05).饲料中添加益生菌能使凡纳滨对虾肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力升高,其中复合益生菌饲喂组淀粉酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05).与对照组比,饲料中添加益生菌显著降低了肠道及粪便弧菌数(P<0.05),不同程度提高了凡纳滨对虾血清蛋白浓度、酚氧化酶活力、溶菌酶活力和总抗氧化力,其中添加复合益生菌能使血清蛋白浓度及溶菌酶活力较对照组显著提高(P<0.05).上述结果表明,与饲喂单一益生菌相比,复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾的生长、免疫力具有更好的促进作用.     

白斑综合征病毒卵黄抗体对凡纳滨对虾免疫相关酶活力和抗病毒能力的影响

摘要：免疫活性物质可以调动或激活虾类自身的免疫系统,提高动物的免疫机能,增强动物的抗病毒能力。有关卵黄抗体对对虾体内酶活力及抗病毒能力的影响,国内外尚未见报道。本实验通过连续投喂的方法,用3个水平(1%、0.5%、0.1%)的Ig-Guard(shrimp)制成的试验饲料,同时以基础饲料为空白对照饲喂凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) 20 d,分别测定了第5,10,15,20 d血淋巴的酚氧化酶(PO)、溶菌酶(UL)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及肌肉匀浆液的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等非特异性免疫因子活性,并对血清及肌肉匀浆液中蛋白进行定量。结果表明,免疫组的PO、UL、ACP、SOD活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。免疫20 d后,用白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)投喂感染。攻毒后第7 d各免疫组的相对免疫保护率分别为17.95%、23.08%、35.90%。实验结果说明,Ig-Guard(shrimp)能有效提高对虾免疫因子的活性,对于提高抗WSSV感染能力也有一定作用。将对虾免疫因子活性和累计死亡率协同分析,摄食低浓度Ig-Guard(shrimp)组较之高浓度组的酶活力高,其累计死亡率低,故笔者建议适当地投喂低浓度Ig-Guard(shrimp)更为合理。     

跑道式南美白对虾养殖池中弧菌的数量动态

采用TCBS平板计数法对南美白对虾跑道式养殖池和土塘养殖塘水样弧菌数量进行了一个养殖周期的连续监测。结果表明:跑道式养殖池水体中弧菌数在放苗后的前70 d均较低,随后迅速增加并维持在一个较高水平,变化幅度为15.0~1.42×104cfu/ml,平均3.96×103cfu/ml,平均数比土塘高2倍。跑道式养殖对虾始终未发病,跑道式养虾病害少,产量高。