大学校园绿地规划设计

近几年来,我国各地高校普遍实行扩招、合并,现在,许多大学都面临着改建、扩建、新建的问题.作为高等教育的物质依托,大学校园环境建设就显得尤为重要.因此,研究大学校园绿地规划设计的发展、原理、原则、规划方法及其与高等教育模式发展的内在关系,探讨适合当前高等教育体制和社会发展,体现高层次文化特色的大学校园绿化理论,可对当前及今后一段时期我国大学校园绿地规划设计提供理论支持和参考借鉴,从而为大学师生创造出更加优美而实用的绿化空间环境.     

高校校园绿地规划设计浅析

摘要：从青岛农业大学的实际出发,应用绿地规划的有关理论,对高校校园的布局及绿地规划设计思路和内容进行分析,并针对绿地规划设计的不足提出具有可操作性的意见和建议。     

谈居住区绿地的类型与布置

本文根据作者多年的园林规划设计经验,从居住区绿地的类型、各类绿地的布置原则和楼间绿地的布置形式3个方面对居住区绿地的类型与布置进行了探讨,希望能够为居住区绿地的规划与设计提供理论依据。     

浅析大学校园绿地改造规划设计的“取”与“舍”——武汉大学建校120周年校园绿地改造规划设计

在进行园林绿化改造项目时,要学会扬弃,并根据每个绿地的不同特点,做好＂取＂与＂舍＂。以武汉大学校园绿地改造规划设计为例,探讨校园绿地改造规划设计理念与原则,并总结具体的改造规划措施。     

保健植物的类型及其在园林绿地中的应用

我国的保健植物资源非常丰富,现首先介绍保健植物的类型（视觉型、听觉型、嗅觉型、触模型、味觉型）及其保健作用;其次阐述保健植物在园林绿地中的应用前景;最后提出了在园林绿地的建设中,要因地制宜,合理搭配各类保健植物,营造具有良好保健功能的生态园林绿地,为促进人们的身心健康发挥应有的生态效益.     

城市公园绿地园林空间适宜性研究

本文主要选取了山西迎泽公园为研究对象,通过对其周围空间形式、小气候特征、风速、温度等有关要素进行实测,通过分析对不同公园绿地空间形式的小气侯差异性,及对以后公园气候适宜度评价趋势的探讨,为公园设计研究奠定了重要的理论基础,并且通过对园林空间适宜性发展趋势的预测及建议,为公园功能的进一步建设提供很好的理论参考.     

垂直绿化——大学校园绿地空间的再创造

垂直绿化作为园林绿化的一种形式,不仅可拓宽绿化空间,丰富绿化层次,增加绿化量和绿化率,还可以通过丰富的植物季相变化,补充建筑物的立面效果和艺术效果。在大学校园中,使用攀援植物垂直绿化造景,有益于改善校园环境,有益于师生的身心健康,也有益于学校形象维护。     

地被植物在上海绿地中的配置类型及应用原则

通过对上海城市绿地漕溪公园、静安公园和延中绿地常见地被植物种类的调查,归纳了地被植物在上海绿地中的配置类型,阐述了各类型地被植物的应用原则。     

华北低丘山地核桃园小气候特征研究

于2009-2010年连续观测了华北低丘山地核桃园内小气候变化特征,并与对照进行了比较,以期为该地区优化核桃园种植模式提供理论依据,为进一步分析果园水碳循环的影响机制提供基础数据.结果表明:与对照相比,试验期间核桃园内平均气温降低了7％,相对湿度增加了6％.受株行距及核桃叶片遮阴影响,园内太阳辐射及风速明显低于对照.与...     

安置小区绿地踩踏类型探讨与改善对策研究

各类公共绿地中的踩踏现象在生活中屡见不鲜,除去道德层面上的因素,更存在着设计本身的不足以及从人本身行为规律出发的多维度成因。通过对踩踏现象较严重的安置小区的研究,采集了大量的践踏样本。使用定量与定性相结合的研究手段,分析发生踩踏的主观与客观因素,归纳出居住区中常见的4种绿地踩踏类型,并针对各自的特点提出相关的改善对策,以期对居住区绿地设计以及公园、校园等其他同类型绿地空间的景观设计提供一定的参考和指导,创造更人性化、更舒适、生命力更持久的公共绿地。     

广场和草坪夏季微气候及人体舒适度研究

选择有无遮荫条件下的广场和草坪,于8:00～18:00期间,对其温度、相对湿度及风速进行同步测定。结果表明:遮荫条件和下垫面性质都会影响微气候,但遮荫条件对微气候的影响大于下垫面性质的影响。全天除18:00时以外,4种立地条件下的温度排序为:无遮荫广场无遮荫草坪遮荫广场遮荫草坪;相对湿度排序为:遮荫草坪遮荫广场无遮荫草坪无遮荫广场,无遮荫的广场和草坪与遮荫的广场和草坪温度及相对湿度差异均达到了显著水平。除14:00时外,风速排序为:无遮荫广场无遮荫草坪遮荫广场遮荫草坪。遮荫条件下的广场和草坪降温增湿效果明显,风速变化幅度较小且整体趋势较为平缓,调节城市微气候的功能显著,人体感觉舒适的时间较长。在炎热的夏季,遮荫广场和遮荫草坪可成为人们户外活动的较佳选择。     

高校新校区园林绿化建设中存在的问题及对策

阐述高校新校区园林绿化建设的基本原则;分析目前高校新校区园林绿化建设中存在的主要问题;提出高校新校区园林绿化建设应更新观念提高认识、面向未来统筹规划、优化设计科学施工、科学选苗合理配置、以人为本突出特色、建立专业队伍加强养护管理等措施.     

Local variation of outdoor thermal comfort in different urban green spaces in Guangzhou,a subtropical city in South China

To understand the influence of different urban green spaces on outdoor thermal comfort, researchers have focused on developing a thermal comfort range and estimating neutral and preferred temperatures through questionnaire surveys and microclimatic measurements. The simultaneity of investigation among different sites is often neglected, which decreases the accuracy and reliability of the outcomes. To fill this gap and to better address the local variation of outdoor thermal comfort in different urban green spaces, both surveys and measurements were performed simultaneously at three sites, “central grassland,” “pond-side garden” and “grove” in a subtropical urban local area in warm and cool periods. Remarkable differences in microclimatic conditions, thermal sensations, thermal comfort, and both neutral temperatures and preferred temperatures were observed among the three sites and in the two periods. Preferred temperatures were lower than neutral temperatures among different sites in each period or both periods combined, indicating the instinctive preference of people from relatively hot regions for a cooler thermal state. The grove yielded the best cooling capability but was perceived as the hottest and most uncomfortable site in the warm period. The central grassland with the highest air temperature, conversely, was perceived as the most comfortable site. The subjective perceptions were also reflected by lower neutral and preferred temperatures in the grove than those in the central grassland in the warm period. In particular, for preferred temperatures, up to 8.8 °C operative temperature (T_op) and 4.3 °C physiological equivalent temperature (PET) differences between these two sites were observed. Hence, a high density of trees does not necessarily result in better outdoor thermal comfort. Future urban planning and management, therefore, should emphasize the types and structures of different urban green spaces. To further comprehensively explore the roles of different urban green spaces in outdoor thermal comfort, high synchronicity among sites during investigation is important.     

南宁高校植物景观探析

通过对南宁高校校园植物景观的调查研究,总结了南宁高校主要植物景观的造景特色,为今后更好地比照地方高校区域的植物资源及景观特色和南宁高校绿化建设提供参考。     

Effects of vegetation structure and environmental characteristics on pollinator diversity in urban green spaces

With accelerating urbanization, insect pollinators in urban ecosystems face challenges such as reduced pollen sources, habitat fragmentation, and damage to the nesting environment. Urban green spaces (UGS) are essential for the stability of pollinator communities. However, little is known about the relationship between vertical layer heterogeneity and horizontal layer complexity of vegetation structure in UGS and pollinator communities. The present study aimed to assess how vegetation structure and environmental characteristics shape the insect pollinator community in UGS. To this end, this study was conducted with seven typical vegetation types which were selected according to the biotope mapping classification system (BMCS) in the ring parks around Hefei City, in Anhui province, China. A total of 11,401 pollinators belonging to 6 orders and 34 families were identified during the eight-month survey. Among the seven habitats under the BMCS, mainly successional short-cut shrub and partly open green space, trees two- or multi-layered broad-leaved mixed forest and partly closed green space, and mainly successional tall grass and partly open green space were identified as high-quality insect pollinator habitats. According to the results of the generalized linear regression, the explanatory power of the four best-fitting generalised linear models is relatively high (over 77%). In four optimal models, the effect of vegetation structure on pollinator community was greater than that of environmental characteristics. The redundancy discriminant analysis showed that the flowering abundance of nectar plants, herb richness, and shrub coverage rate were the three most important factors influencing insect pollinator communities, with a cumulative explanatory power of up to 78.8%. Pollinator abundance was positively influenced by spontaneous herbs and low-intensity management. However, high-intensity management, low diversity of plants, low nectar plant richness, ignoring seasonal nectar plant configuration, and dense tree distribution could limit pollinator reproduction and population growth. These results reflect the status of insect pollinator community in UGS in Hefei city and present a possible direction for improving urban green habitats and plant configurations.     

徐州市主城区绿地景观格局对PM2.5及PM10的影响

基于研究区7个国家监测站点的PM2.5、PM10数据,运用ArcGIS、Fragstats软件对徐州市主城区的遥感影像进行解译和绿地景观格局指数的计算,结合Excel、SPSS软件分析城市绿地景观格局在不同尺度上与PM2.5、PM10浓度之间的相关性,探寻绿地景观格局与PM2.5、PM10的关系,以期为进一步研究PM2.5、PM10的影响因素提供参考依据。结果表明:绿地、农业用地和水域与PM2.5呈负相关关系;建设用地、交通用地和未利用土地与PM2.5呈正相关关系;农业用地与PM10浓度具有季节性差异,冬季和春季农地会使PM10浓度降低,夏季和秋季会使PM10浓度增大。绿地斑块所占景观面积比、绿地最大斑块指数、面积加权平均斑块形状指数与PM2.5和PM10具有明显的负相关性,景观分离度指数与其呈正相关关系。