稀土对刺槐种子萌发影响的研究

该项研究阐明了镧（Ｌａ）、铈（Ｃｅ）混合硝酸稀土对刺槐子呼吸强度、实验室发芽率、场圃发芽率的影响。利用５００ｐｐｍ稀土溶液浸种１２小时，可使刺槐种子呼吸强度提高４３．０％；实验室发芽率提高１８．７％；场圃发芽率提高４８．０％。明显促进了种子萌发。     

刺槐种子萌发过程中的生理生化变化

用刺槐种子为材料．初步研究了刺槐种子萌发过程中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性的变化。结果表明：刺槐种子在萌发过程中．可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈下降趋势,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量有不程度的升高,POD和PPO的活性都有大幅度升高。     

四倍体刺槐引种适应性试验

四倍体刺槐是韩国山林厅林木育种研究所应用植物倍性育种技术,通过人工诱变使刺槐体细胞染色体加倍（2n=20;4n=40）选育成功的刺槐优良无性系。由于多倍体的作用,使该品系相对于普通二倍体刺槐表现出生长迅速,叶片肥大,生物量大,茎叶中蛋白质、脂肪等营养物质含量高的特点,非常适宜作为营造优质饲料林（养殖牛、羊、兔、鹿等食草动物）及营造速生非产用材林、薪炭林、防护林。1997年由北京林业大学引人我国,2000年底白银市引进了四倍体刺槐2号和四倍体刺槐5号,定植于不同立地条件的试验点。     

3种栽培方式对刺槐耐盐砧木生长的影响

比较了3种栽培方式（露地、1层遮荫网和林下）对刺槐耐盐砧木生长量、叶绿素含量和光合作用的影响。结果表明：在1层遮荫网下（透光率为50％）有助于刺槐实生砧木生长，株高及干径增长快，叶片的叶绿素a含量及叶绿素总量最高，砧木生长较为适宜。     

刺槐根瘤菌结瘤因子的初步研究

以根毛变形试验（Had）为检测手段，对刺槐（Robinuapseudoacacia）与刺槐根瘤菌共生过程中的信号识别作用进行了研究．结果表明，经刺槐种子浸提物诱导后，刺槐根瘤菌野生型菌株8711能够产生结瘤因子（NodFactor）．该结瘤因子能诱导刺槐根毛发生变形，且变形情况与菌体正常侵染所引起的变化相同．因此，可以把刺槐根毛变形作为检测结瘤因子存在的依据．     

泥质海岸盐碱地主要造林树种营养元素含量的研究

该文通过对榆树、枣树、刺槐和珠美海棠４个树种在年生长季内土壤养分释放以及根、枝、叶等器官营养元素含量变化的研究，得出如下结论：①土壤Ｎａ＋含量在一年中的变化主要受气候条件的影响。如果以全Ｎ和全Ｐ含量来衡量的话，土壤呈极贫脊状态。②Ｎａ＋在林木根中的含量，主要与树木生理活动强度有关，枝组织Ｎａ＋含量的最高点在春季，叶组织Ｎａ＋含量的最高点在晚秋。③除刺槐外，榆树、枣树、海棠都表现出不同程度的营养失调和缺素症。     

杨树人工林地力退化及维护与提高土壤肥力技术的研究

在山东，辽宁，河南，河北，北京等五个杨树（ＰｏｐｕｌｕｓＬ．）栽培地区，抽样调查４８块样地，并进行土壤养分化学分析，研究了杨树同代纯林，一代林、二代林生长对林地土壤肥力的影响以及杨树与刺槐（ＲｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａＬ．）、沙棘（ＨｉｐｐｏｐｈａｅｒｈａｍｎｏｉｄｅｓＬ．）、紫穗槐（ＡｍｏｒｐｈａｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓａＬ．）、混交对土壤营养元素含量，土壤微生物数量，土壤酶活性等方面的影响。研究表明，在相同立地条件下，杨树同代林，随林木生长，土壤养分含量有下降趋势；连栽二代纯林比一代纯林，土壤养分含量及林木生长量有明显下降趋势；杨树与刺槐、紫穗槐、沙棘混交，能够提高土壤肥力，促进林木生长，是维护与提高土壤肥力，防治杨树人工林地力退化的有效生物措施。     

晋西黄土区不同森林树种及其林地土壤养分含量的变化

[目的]探究晋西黄土区不同树种营养器官(叶、枝、干、根)及其土壤的养分含量变化特征。[方法]通过野外样地调查和取样分析方法,对3种典型森林树种(刺槐、侧柏、辽东栎)不同器官及其林地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量进行了研究,并探讨了不同树种叶片与其土壤C、N、P化学计量的关系。[结果]辽东栎、刺槐和侧柏的叶片有机碳含量分别为468.43、454.96、438.53 g·kg-1,刺槐、辽东栎和侧柏叶片的全氮含量分别为27.52、20.74、12.73 g·kg-1,辽东栎、侧柏和刺槐叶片的全磷含量分别为2.73、2.15、1.35 g·kg-1,叶片C∶N值为侧柏辽东栎刺槐,C∶P、N∶P值分别为刺槐侧柏辽东栎、刺槐辽东栎侧柏;3个树种树枝的有机碳含量均最大,树叶的全氮含量均最大,而树干的全氮含量均最小。侧柏、辽东栎、刺槐树枝的全磷含量分别为3.07、3.07、1.87 g·kg-1,显著比其它器官的大;3种森林土壤的C、N、P含量均随土层的加深而降低,且0 10 cm土层的含量最大,C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值随土层深度的变化不一致;刺槐叶片的有机碳、全磷含量与土壤C∶N值显著或极显著负相关;侧柏叶片的有机碳含量均与土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值极显著负相关,叶片N∶P值与土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值均极显著正相关;辽东栎叶片的有机碳含量、C∶P值与土壤有机碳含量极显著负相关。[结论]辽东栎、刺槐和侧柏的有机碳含量均较高,分别为468.43、454.96、438.53 g·kg-1;辽东栎和刺槐对晋西黄土区干旱环境的防御能力比侧柏强,当地环境较适宜辽东栎的生长发育,而刺槐和侧柏的生长分别受土壤P和N的限制。     

刺槐尺蠖防治指标的研究

经过对刺槐的蓄叶量、叶面积、刺槐尺蠖食叶量、人工模拟摘叶对刺槐生长量影响等因子的调查分析，得出胸径D与刺槐蓄叶量M之间的关系式为M=135265．73 ＋ 13949．41D（相关系数r=0．976），刺槐叶面积与鲜重（长宽平均值）的关系：S=0．096W - 0．086（r=0．986），S=1．99L - 0．68（r=0．988），刺槐尺蠖幼虫期平均每头损叶量为295．45cm^2，根据CT=M＊H／Q（1-R）关系式，计算出不同径阶刺槐树的刺槐尺蠖的防治指标。     

刺槐和紫穗槐抗旱性比较试验

通过采取不同时间的水分控制处理对刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）和紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）2树种的抗旱能力进行了试验比较,结果表明：当受到水分胁迫时,2种植物体内Pro含量均有不同程度的升高,紫穗槐Pro含量的峰值为184.37μg·g-1,刺槐的峰值为119.35μg·g-1,刺槐的耐脱水能力比紫穗槐弱;从干旱胁迫条件下2植物体内超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量、相对含水量和水分饱和亏缺等指标的变化也得出紫穗槐的抗旱性强于刺槐。     

油茶良种采穗圃营建施肥技术的研究

对永丰县油茶采穗辅不同施肥措施下穗条产量与质量进行调查。结果表明：1）油茶采穗圃进行施肥处理后,单株穗条数量较CK提高10.74%-36.79%,穗条长度增长4.85%-23.36%,穗条直径提高10.13%-32.16%,单穗芽数增加11.37%-25.76%;施肥后的增产效果显著;2）油茶采穗圃采取全年施肥2次,每年11月施油茶专用肥0.15 kg/株,并施用N、P、K元素配方为N1P3K3的配方肥0.3 kg/株,次年2月下旬施尿素0.1 kg/株,穗条产量可获得最大收益,建议推广施用。     

稀土微肥对桃叶片光合生理特性的影响

本试验以二年生桃树为试材，研究了稀土微肥为叶绿素、蛋白质含量和光合速率的影响。结果表明，低浓度稀土可显著提高桃功能叶叶绿素和蛋白质的含量，延缓桃衰老叶叶绿素的降解，从而提高桃叶片的光合效率；高浓度的稀土对桃叶片叶绿素、蛋白质含量和光合效率的提高具有不利的影响；稀土对叶绿素、蛋白质含量以及光合作用的影响效应存在明显的滞后期。     

根际微生态调节对杨树根系活力及土壤有效P转化的效应

以盆栽毛白杨、北京杨为试验材料,采用均匀设计,将外生菌根真菌（美味牛肝菌、褐疣柄牛肝菌）、植物生长调节剂（NAA）和植物抗病诱导剂（水杨酸）以不同配比混合形成根际微生态调节物,并施于苗木根部,研究其对苗木生长、生物量、根系活力、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性及土壤有效P的影响效应。结果表明,根际微生态调节物改善了苗木根际微生态环境,使毛白杨、北京杨盆栽苗的苗高、地径、总干质量均有较大幅度的提高,分别比对照增加16.0%~35.0%,19.4%~38.9%,15.5%~86.4%和12.5%~26.2%,1.6%~20.3%,33.6%~72.7%,幼苗生长更为健壮和迅速;使毛白杨根系活力比对照提高6.71%~33.64%,北京杨根系活力比对照提高1.49%~49.46%,根系活力与苗木的生长、生物量有较大相关性;使毛白杨和北京杨根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性增强,分别增加20.91%~36.35%和13.39%~54.98%,对根际区域的土壤有效P具有明显的富集效应,富集率分别为7.49%~25.67%和17.85%~53.50%。     

Decline in stomatal response to leaf water deficit in Corylus maxima cuttings

Many woody species can be propagated from leafy cuttings. However, following rooting, cuttings of Corylus maxima Mill. cv. Purpurea do not always survive the transition from a highly supportive rooting environment (e.g., fog) to a more natural environment where evaporative demand is higher. We found that it is not the supply of water to leaves, but stomatal dysfunction that leads to severe water deficits in the rooted cuttings. Two hours after well-rooted cuttings were transferred from the rooting environment, we were able to relate visible signs of leaf water deficit to high stomatal conductance (g(s)) and low relative water content (R). Small expanding leaves (L3) had unusually high g(s) and lower R than fully expanded leaves (L1). Although high cuticular conductances (g(c)) were occasionally observed in L3, SEM confirmed that increased total leaf conductance (g) was mainly a result of abnormally wide stomatal opening. We measured changes in the ability of stomata to control water loss during rooting by determining stomatal responsiveness to leaf water deficit in detached L1 and L3 harvested from cuttings during the first 75 days after severance from stock plants. Reduced stomatal responsiveness was observed within 7 days of severance, prior to adventitious root formation, and was more pronounced in L3 than in L1. A period of acclimatization after rooting (no leaf wetting, but a vapor pressure deficit of 0.20 kPa) reduced g(s) by 50% in L3 but not in L1, and partially restored stomatal responsiveness in L1 but not in L3. After rooting, the original leaves on the cutting retained substantial capacity for photosynthesis (e.g., in L1, 8 micromol m(-2) s(-1) at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 400 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). The implications of the results for post-rooting acclimatization procedures are discussed.     

毛白杨幼苗抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的响应

在 3种不同浓度的NaCl (85mmol·L-1,170mmol·L-1,2 6 0mmol·L-1)胁迫下 ,对毛白杨幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和过氧化物酶 (POD)活性以及丙二醛 (MDA)含量进行测定 .结果发现 ,在NaCl胁迫 3小时后 ,幼苗SOD和POD活性显著降低 ,随着胁迫时间的延长 ,这两种酶活性降低较缓慢 ,但SOD活性下降程度均较POD小 .在NaCl胁迫中 ,MDA含量明显增加 ,并于胁迫 15小时后达到最大值 ,随后含量增加较小 .进一步分析发现 ,不同浓度NaCl处理对SOD和POD活性以及MDA含量的作用效应是不同的 ,其中 2 6 0mmol·L-1NaCl处理明显促进幼苗SOD和POD活性的下降与MDA含量的增加 ;而且MDA含量与SOD和POD活性的下降有关 .结果表明 ,NaCl胁迫所引起的SOD和POD活性下降可能加强膜脂过氧化作用 ,最终导致幼苗MDA含量的增加与伤害的发生     

741杨缺素症状和最适pH值的研究

用溶液培养法研究了741杨的缺素症状和最适pH值。观察了5种大量元素的缺素症状,缺素对苗木生长和生物量的抑制顺序为N>K>P>Mg>Fe.缺素对叶绿素含量的抑制顺序为N>Fe>K>Mg>P.缺素会降低叶内其它必需元素的含量。741杨苗木生长的最适pH值为4.84～7.03,适应pH值为7.46～8.22,它能在pH4.84～8.22的范围内正常生长,在极限pH值(pH4和pH10)生长受抑制较大,但未出现坏死等症状。     

The dynamics of rooting in Triplochiton scleroxylon cuttings: their relation to leaf area, node position, dry weight accumulation, leaf water potential and carbohydrate composition

Single-node, leafy stem cuttings of Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. were collected from successive nodes down the uppermost shoot of 2-shoot stockplants. The leaves were trimmed to 10, 50 and 100 cm(2) before the cuttings were set under intermittent mist to root. Batches of cuttings were harvested after 0, 14, 28 and 42 days to assess leaf water potential, dry weight and carbohydrate content of their leaf and stem portions. Cuttings with leaf areas of 10, 50 and 100 cm(2) increased in total dry weight by 29, 61 and 90%, respectively, during the 6-week period. The increase in dry weight was accompanied by increases in reflux-extracted soluble carbohydrates (RSC), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and starch. By contrast, increase in leaf area reduced leaf water potential of cuttings before root emergence. Fewer large-leaved cuttings rooted than smaller-leaved cuttings, suggesting that rooting ability is at least partially determined by the balance between photosynthesis and transpiration. Fewer roots per cutting were produced on cuttings with 10 cm(2) leaves than on cuttings with larger leaves. Node position affected increments in dry weight, carbohydrate content and leaf water potential, with differences between nodes on day 0 generally being lost or slightly reversed by day 14. Rooting ability was not related to initial (day 0) carbohydrate content, suggesting that rooting is dependent on carbohydrates formed after severance. During the rooting period, the proportions of total non-structural carbohydrate as WSC and starch were reversed, from mostly WSC on day 0 to mostly starch by day 42. These changes in WSC and starch occurred most rapidly in large-leaved cuttings.     

黄心夜合秋季嫩枝扦插效应分析

试验表明，黄心夜合无性繁殖其穗条扦插生根率有显著差异，参试无性系生根率为32％-93％；穗条带1-2叶可显著提高穗条生根率；穗条带多片叶或不带叶其生根率显著降低；GGR生根剂不同浓度处理后的穗条其生根率有显著差异；多菌灵不同浓度处理后的穗条其生根率没有显著差异。     

Nitrogen mobilization, nitrogen uptake and growth of cuttings obtained from poplar stock plants grown in different N regimes and sprayed with urea in autumn

Nitrogen mobilization, nitrogen uptake and growth of cuttings obtained from poplar stock plants fertigated with different nitrogen (N) treatments and sprayed with urea in autumn were studied. Stock plants propagated from poplar cuttings were trained to a single shoot and fertigated with 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 mmol l(-1) N during the first growing season. In October, a subset of stock plants from each N fertigation treatment was sprayed twice with either 3% urea or water, and overwintered outside. In March, total tree biomass and total N concentration and content of stems were estimated for stock plants in each treatment, and cuttings were taken from the middle of each stock plant and stored in plastic bags at 2 degrees C. In mid-April, cuttings were planted in 7.5-l pots containing N-free medium and grown outdoors with a weekly fertigation with nutrient solution containing 0 or 10 mmol l(-1) 15NH4 15NO3. In mid-July, cuttings were harvested, and new shoot (new stems and leaves), shank (old cutting stem) and roots were analyzed for new biomass growth and total N and 15N content. Growth of stock plants was positively related to N supply in the previous growing season. Foliar urea application in autumn had no effect on subsequent stock plant growth even though urea sprays increased both N concentration and content in stem tissues. Biomass growth of cuttings obtained from stock plants was closely related to their N content when the cuttings were grown in an N-free medium regardless of previous treatments applied to the stock plants. When N was supplied in the growth medium, the strength of the relationship between regrowth and N content of cuttings was significantly reduced. Cuttings from stock plants treated with foliar urea and grown in a N-free medium remobilized between 75 and 82% of their total N for new growth, whereas cuttings from plants receiving no urea spray remobilized only between 60 and 69% of their total N for new growth. Current N fertilization of the cuttings reduced the percentage of N remobilized. We conclude that new growth of poplar cuttings in spring was more dependent on currently applied N than on reserve N, and urea N applied as a spray in autumn was more easily remobilized than N taken up by roots during the previous season.     

杉木、马尾松人工林土壤物理性质及水分含量变化的研究

1984～1988年,在江西省分宜县山下林场的亚热带人工杉木林和马尾松林中,对土壤的水分—物理性质及其水分含量的变化进行了测定,结果表明:本试验区土壤为重壤土,其水分—物理性质较差,有林地土壤含水量较无林地高,且变幅较小。土壤含水率与当地的主要气象要素(气温、空气湿度、降雨量、蒸发量)呈多元回归相关。据回归分析,杉木林土壤水分含量受气候变化影响的土层深度较浅,达0～20cm,而皆伐迹地受气候影响的土层较深,达0～40cm。