不同品种、月份、月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

为研究不同品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔等因素对加系公猪精液品质的影响,以及品种、初次采精周龄对精液质量稳定性的影响,本研究以江西某种公猪站79头加系大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪种公猪为试验群体,收集2018年12月至2020年12月3 921条精液采集与精液质量数据,通过混合线性模型与方差分析探究各因素对精液量、精液密度、精子活力、总精子数及其稳定性的影响。结果显示,从不同品种对精液质量的影响来看,长白猪精液量和总精子数均高于大白猪、杜洛克猪,但杜洛克猪精液密度高于长白猪、大白猪,杜洛克猪精子活力最低;从不同月份来看,1~3月采精精液密度最高,4~6月采精精子活力最高,10~12月采精精液量和总精子数最高,精液量呈现秋冬多、春夏少的季节变化规律。公猪不同月龄采精,精液质量指标也存在差异,月龄越小精液量越低,但精液密度偏高,精子活力相对较好,在19~24月龄黄金期总精子数最高。不同采精间隔对精液质量有较大影响,采精间隔越长,精液量、精液密度、精子活力和总精子数相对较好,采精间隔为5 d时综合性能最佳,但过长的采精间隔导致精子活力降低。品种影响总精子数稳定性,长白猪、大白猪总精子数稳定性显著优于杜洛克猪（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,品种、采精月份、采精月龄和采精间隔均会影响公猪精液质量,关注这些因素有助于公猪站制定更完善的生产计划,提高公猪利用率。     

精力旺对种公猪精液品质的影响

目前，人工授精技术已在集约化养猪业中得到广泛应用。人工授精技术减少了养猪场公猪的养殖量，提高了母猪的受胎率和平均产仔数。但同时也使种公猪的配种负担过重，性欲减退，精子质量降低。在现代化养猪生产中，如何保持公猪性欲、提高采精量、精子密度、精子活力，是生产者和畜牧科研工作者所需面对的问题。品种、饲养管理、疾病、营养、环境等方面的因素都会影响公猪的生产性能和配种能力。     

性腺影响雄性仔猪生长速度的对比试验

动物生长发育是一个复杂的生理过程，受遗传、饲养、环境及性腺等多种因素的影响，为探求性腺对雄性仔猪生长速度的影响，特进行本试验。     

注射pGRF基因质粒对猪血清生长轴激素变化规律的影响

本研究旨在探讨注射pGRF基因质粒在猪体内的表达效应及作用规律.试验选择8头体质量相近((15 0.43)kg)的健康长白×大白二元杂交阉公猪,随机分成2组.试验组颈部肌肉注射含4.5 mg pGRF基因质粒的注射液2 mL,对照组注射生理盐水2 mL.于处理后第1、4、7、11、16、21、26、31天空腹采血样制备血清,测定血清中生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素生长因子(IGF-I)、生长激素释放因子(GRF)、生长抑素(SS)的含量.结果表明:试验组在注射pGRF基因质粒后第7天,血清GH含量达峰值,比对照组高了113.47%,差异极显著(P<0.01);然后逐渐下降.到第11天时,比对照组高47.09%,差异显著(P<0.05).到第31天时,与对照组基本一致.试验组血清IGF-I和GRF含量虽然提高幅度不大,但其变化与GH含量存在着显著相关性,均在注射pGRF基因质粒后第7天达到峰值,然后降至对照组水平,其相关系数分别为0.589(P<0.05)和0.678(P<0.05).与对照组相比,试验组血清SS含量在11 d前一直呈下降趋势,第11天时降至最低点,但差异不显著.到第16天时2组均有所上升,21 d后缓慢下降,第31天时与对照组趋于一致.血清SS含量与GH、GRF的含量分别存在显著和极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.689(P<0.05)和-0.777(P<0.01).由此可见,pGRF基因质粒在体内快速表达并作用于机体,主要通过提高GRF的含量而促使GH的分泌,同时抑制SS的分泌,一定程度阻止其对GRF和GH的抑制作用,从而达到有效的促生长作用.同时本试验发现,虽然采用了颈静脉导管方法,猪血液中生长轴激素测定值变异仍较大,加强护理和增加测试猪的数量是取得更为客观结果的必要条件.     

采精员和猪舍环境参数对杜洛克公猪精液品质的影响

【目的】研究采精员、猪舍温湿度、氨气浓度和光照强度对种公猪精液品质的影响,以提高猪精液品质。【方法】选取347头(580±48) d的杜洛克公猪,收集2021年11月至2022年2月共2 966条精液测定记录,采精员做好每天公猪的采精记录,猪舍温湿度、氨气浓度和光照强度参数于每天上午09:00进行测定。使用R软件对采精员记录、环境参数和精液性状进行关联分析。【结果】(1)采精员对精液品质具有显著影响(P<0.05),8号采精员采集的精液精子活力最高、精子畸形率最低。(2)猪舍环境温度为22～25℃时,精子活力显著高于18.5～22℃(P<0.05),精子畸形率显著低于18.5～22℃(P<0.05)。(3)相对湿度在70%～77%时精子活力最高、精子畸形率最低,与相对湿度在46%～60%时差异显著(P<0.05),与相对湿度在60%～70%时无显著差异(P>0.05),相对湿度在60%～70%时精子活力、精子畸形率和总精子数都处于较高水平。(4)随着氨气浓度降低,精子活力和总精子数呈现上升趋势、精子畸形率呈下降趋势,氨气浓度2～4 ppm与5～7.3 pp...     

三苯基锡对雄性SD大鼠性腺发育的影响

为研究三苯基锡(TPT)对雄性哺乳动物生殖的毒性作用,将20只雄性青春期Sparague Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为3个不同剂量的试验组(0.5、5、50μg/kg)和1个对照组(生理盐水)。每3d灌胃1次,暴露54d,末次灌胃24h后用100g/L水合氯醛麻醉并处死大鼠,取其睾丸和附睾。采用石蜡切片和HE染色方法观察睾丸和附睾组织学;采用分光光度法测定睾丸中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总抗氧化能力(TAOC)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)水平。结果显示,大鼠睾丸内曲精小管直径随药物剂量的增加而减小,曲精小管生精细胞和管腔内精子数量均有不同程度减少;低、中剂量组AKP高于对照组,高剂量组低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);低剂量组γ-GT活力和T-AOC显著高于对照组,中剂量组与对照组相比变化不明显,高剂量组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。试验证实了TPT在一定程度上影响了雄性大鼠性腺生长发育与精子发生,推测TPT对雄性哺乳动物具有生殖毒性。     

酵母硒对种公牛精液品质影响的研究

试验选用12头荷斯坦成年种公牛为试验牛,并随机分为四组。试验前期饲喂基础日粮,试验期添加不同剂量的酵母硒;90d时,采集种公牛的精液,并对精液量及精液品质进行检测。试验结果表明:日粮中适量添加硒能显著提高种公牛的精子冻前活率和冻后活率,并降低精子畸形率(P0.05),而对精液量、精子密度和精子顶体完整率无显著影响。     

豪猪雄性生殖腺(睾丸)的解剖及组织结构研究

以豪猪睾丸为研究对象,观察豪猪睾丸的解剖及组织结构,研究豪猪的雄性生殖腺,为豪猪的人工繁殖研究提供理论依据。结果表明:雄性豪猪没有阴囊,其睾丸位于腹股沟内;睾丸的重量为(2.76±0.08)g,其纵径为(3.93±0.09)cm,横经为(1.38±0.06)cm;睾丸小隔不发达,每个睾丸小叶内有1~4条曲精小管,曲精小管的管壁中可见许多不同发育阶段的生精细胞,其形态多样,但精原细胞和精子细胞数量较少,未见次级精母细胞。     

热应激对雄性哺乳动物精液品质的影响机制及热应激公猪的营养调控

当环境温度超过机体热调控上限时,动物体将发生热应激.热应激对雄性哺乳动物的性欲、精液品质等均有不利影响,可使精子密度和精子活力下降、精子畸形率上升等.本文总结了热应激对雄性哺乳动物精液品质影响的作用机制以及热应激公猪的营养调控,以期为相关研究和生产实践提供参考.     

品种、季节、胎次、采精月龄及采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响

【目的】探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对猪精液品质的影响,以及不同品种对精液质量稳定性的影响。【方法】选取909头杜洛克、长白、大白种公猪为试验群体,收集2021年4月至2022年4月27 408条精液测定记录,采用混合线性分析模型和方差分析探究品种、公猪出生胎次、公猪同窝仔猪数、公猪乳头数、采精季节、采精月龄和采精间隔对精液体积、精液密度、精子活力、直线前进运动精子比例、精子畸形率、总精子数及各精液性状稳定性的影响。【结果】从不同品种对精液品质的影响来看,长白猪精液体积和总精子数均显著高于大白猪、杜洛克猪(P<0.05),杜洛克猪精液密度显著高于大白猪和长白猪(P<0.05),杜洛克猪、大白猪精子活力均显著高于长白猪(P<0.05),大白猪直线前进运动精子比例显著高于长白猪和杜洛克猪(P<0.05),长白猪和大白猪精子畸形率均显著低于杜洛克猪(P<0.05);从不同公猪出生胎次对精液品质的影响来看,1～3胎出生的公猪具有较高的精液品质;从不同采精季节对精液品质的影响来看,精液密度、精子活力和总精子数秋、冬...     

日粮酸性洗涤纤维水平对新西兰种公兔精液品质、血液生化指标和生殖激素的影响

试验旨在探讨不同酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fibre,ADF)水平对2岁新西兰种公兔精液品质、血清生化指标和生殖激素的影响。选用2岁龄种公兔80只,按体重随机分成4组,每组20个重复,每个重复1只,分别饲喂ADF水平为13%、16%、19%、22%的日粮。结果表明, ADF水平对试验兔射精量和精液品质影响差异显著(P<0.05), 试验3组射精量显著高于试验1、2组(P<0.05),试验3、4组精液密度显著高于试验1、2组(P<0.05),试验3组精子活力显著高于其它3组(P<0.05);ADF水平对试验兔血清总蛋白和总胆固醇影响差异显著(P<0.05),试验2、3组总蛋白显著高于试验1组(P<0.05),试验1组胆固醇显著高于其它组(P<0.05);ADF水平对试验兔生殖激素含量影响显著(P<0.05),试验2组促黄体素、睾酮和雌二醇显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),试验2组促卵泡素显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05)。因此,2岁新西兰种公兔适宜的ADF 水平应为16%~19%,甚至可以提高到22%。     

GnRH并列体二聚体主动免疫对公兔性腺的影响

用GnRH并列体二聚体主动免疫公兔，观察了免疫对公兔性腺及体重的影响。结果表明，免疫不影响公兔体重的工，而使公兔睾丸重量降低，就纵长缩短，表明性腺有萎缩的趋势。     

不同季节对杜洛克公猪精液品质的影响

本文分析了海南某人工授精站从2005年5月至2006年4月114头杜洛克公猪精液品质数据,研究杜洛克公猪不同季节精液品质的变化.分析表明,季节是影响公猪精液品质的最重要因素之一,夏季杜洛克公猪精液的品质最差,精子总数、采精量、精子密度、活率较其它季节极显著下降,死畸率较其它季节极显著地上升;秋季、冬季和春季杜洛克公猪精液的品质较好.     

Plasma Hormone Levels and Semen Quality in Male Cats during Non-Breeding and Breeding Seasons

Female cats are known to be seasonal breeders and male cats annual breeders. Despite this, there are limited data on the influence of breeding season (BS) on hormone concentration and semen quality in the male cat. This study compared plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone (T), and semen quality during the non-breeding season (NBS) and BS in five male cats subject to natural hours of daylight but a constant environmental temperature. Plasma LH and T concentrations were higher during the BS in 2/35 and 3/5 cats, respectively, although when comparing both hormones combined, values were higher during the BS than the NBS in all cats (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the percentage of abnormal sperm between the cats. Overall, semen quality was superior during the BS with larger semen volume in 2/5, sperm motility in 2/5 and sperm viability in 3/5 cats. Although there was a clear seasonal effect on hormone secretion and semen quality, during the NBS all cats were likely to have been fertile.     

低温和硒对育成期笼养蛋鸭性发育及相关激素的影响

本试验旨在研究低温和硒对育成期(12～16周龄)笼养蛋鸭性发育及相关激素的影响。选取12周龄金定鸭144只,采用2×3(温度×硒)交互试验设计,随机分配到低温和适温下的3个硒处理组(0.15、0.45和0.75mg/kg)中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4只试鸭。结果表明:①温度对三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)影响极显著(P<0.01),对胰岛素影响显著(P<0.05);硒对T3影响极显著(P<0.01),对T4影响显著(P<0.05),对胰岛素影响不显著;温度和硒对T3有交互作用(P<0.01)。②温度对血清促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、血清促黄体生成激素(LH)和血清雌二醇(E2)影响显著(P<0.05),硒对FSH和E2影响不显著,对LH影响显著(P<0.05)。③温度对输卵管相对重量影响不显著,对输卵管相对长度影响显著(P<0.05);硒对输卵管相对重量和相对长度影响均不显著。本试验条件下,0.45mg/kg的硒能有效地调节低温对激素水平的影响,使其与正常生理水平相接近,并能降低低温对性发育造成的不利影响。     

The Effects of Resveratrol on the Quality of Frozen Sheep Semen

The effects of resveratrol on the quality of frozen-thawed sheep semen were studied in this study.Semen was collected from six Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep using artificial vagina.The semen was diluted with the Optidyl extender supplemented with resveratrol with a concentration of 0,0.1,1,10,or 20 μmol/L,followed by loading into plastic straws and equilibration at a low temperature.Then,the straws were pre-frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor,followed by storage in liquid nitrogen for 30 days.After thawing for 30 seconds in a 37 ℃ water bath,the parameters including sperm motility,acrosome integrity,membrane integrity,distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) and ROS were measured.The results showed that the post-thaw sperm total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 76.14%±0.97%,43.56%±0.91% and 43.24%±1.68% in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05).However,when the concentration of resveratrol in the freezing extender was 20 μmol/L,the post-thaw total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 21.78%±0.79%,25.23%±1.34% and 4.84%±0.68%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P<0.05).The acrosome integrity of sperm frozen in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was best,which was 50.47%±0.91% and significantly higher than the other treatments (P<0.05).The results of PS distribution showed that the percentage of viable sperm in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was 46.43%±2.95%,and significantly higher than that in the 20 μmol/L group (31.14%±3.56%,P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with the other groups (P>0.05).In addition,the PS labeling rate of sperm in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group (39.82%±3.38%) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In terms of ROS production,this study demonstrated that the rate of viable sperm (ROS and PI were negative) in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group (63.57%±0.71%) was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05),while the rate of viable sperm (32.45%±1.42%) in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In conclusion,the post-thaw quality of sheep semen could be improved after the addition of resveratrol to the freezing extenders,which might be related to the antioxidant properties of resveratrol.But,the cryoprotective effects of resveratrol dependents on its used doses,and the optimal concentration was 10 μmol/L based on this present study.However,excessively high concentration of resveratrol could aggravate cryodamage on sperm.In addition,the protective effects of resveratrol on sheep sperm still needs to be verified by in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination.     

Effects of Different Dietary Energy Level and Semen Collection Frequency on Buck's Semen Quality in Cashmere Goats

The experiment was aimed to study the effects of dietary energy level on body weights, serum testosterone concentrations and semen quality of Shaanbei White cashmere goat bucks.A total of 12 healthy bucks were selected and divided into 4 groups according to randomized block design with 3 replicates per group, each replicate included 1 buck.Four diets were formulated by the recommendation of NRC (1981, 2007) at 85%, 100%, 115% and 130%.The results showed as that the dietary energy level had extremely remarkable effect on bucks' ADG in each stage (P< 0.01).The weight of bucks in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ decreased firstly then increased while there were a trend of increasing firstly then decreasing then increasing again in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Serum testosterone levels and ejaculations under the frequency of two times per five days were higher as compared to the frequency of four times per five days.Dietary energy levels had extremely significant influence on serum testosterone concentrations and the number of effective sperms (P< 0.01), and ejaculations and sperm destiny significantly (P< 0.05).The ejaculations, sperm destiny and the number of effective sperms in group Ⅲ were optimum.There was dietary energy×semen collection frequency interaction on serum testosterone concentration (P< 0.01).It could be concluded that the appropriate ME requirement of Shaanbei White cashmere goat bucks was 12.08 MJ/d.     

黄芪多糖对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响

为了评价黄芪多糖（Astragalus polysaccharides）对外来公猪精液冷冻保存的影响情况,为猪精液冷冻稀释液配方的改良提供理论依据,试验采集美系长白、大约克与杜洛克3种公猪的精液,用添加不同浓度（0、0.01%、0.02%、0.03%、0.04%、0.05%、0.06%）黄芪多糖的冷冻稀释液稀释,0.25 mL塑料细管分装并冷冻,测定解冻后精子活力、畸形率及顶体完整率,并进行相同浓度3种公猪之间和同种公猪不同浓度之间的比较。结果表明,在相同黄芪多糖浓度下,仅杜洛克公猪冻后精子顶体完整率在不添加黄芪多糖时显著高于大约克公猪（P<0.05）,其余均无显著差异（P>0.05）;每种公猪的最佳黄芪多糖添加浓度均为0.04%,在该浓度下精液冻后质量均显著优于对照组（P<0.05）;各种公猪最佳黄芪多糖添加浓度下的精液冻后质量指标之间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。总之,稀释液中添加0.04%黄芪多糖在长白、大约克与杜洛克3种公猪的精液冷冻都可以取得较好的效果。