精力旺对种公猪精液品质的影响

目前，人工授精技术已在集约化养猪业中得到广泛应用。人工授精技术减少了养猪场公猪的养殖量，提高了母猪的受胎率和平均产仔数。但同时也使种公猪的配种负担过重，性欲减退，精子质量降低。在现代化养猪生产中，如何保持公猪性欲、提高采精量、精子密度、精子活力，是生产者和畜牧科研工作者所需面对的问题。品种、饲养管理、疾病、营养、环境等方面的因素都会影响公猪的生产性能和配种能力。     

性腺影响雄性仔猪生长速度的对比试验

动物生长发育是一个复杂的生理过程,受遗传、饲养、环境及性腺等多种因素的影响,为探求性腺对雄性仔猪生长速度的影响,特进行本试验。     

注射pGRF基因质粒对猪血清生长轴激素变化规律的影响

本研究旨在探讨注射pGRF基因质粒在猪体内的表达效应及作用规律.试验选择8头体质量相近((15 0.43)kg)的健康长白×大白二元杂交阉公猪,随机分成2组.试验组颈部肌肉注射含4.5 mg pGRF基因质粒的注射液2 mL,对照组注射生理盐水2 mL.于处理后第1、4、7、11、16、21、26、31天空腹采血样制备血清,测定血清中生长激素(GH)、类胰岛素生长因子(IGF-I)、生长激素释放因子(GRF)、生长抑素(SS)的含量.结果表明:试验组在注射pGRF基因质粒后第7天,血清GH含量达峰值,比对照组高了113.47%,差异极显著(P<0.01);然后逐渐下降.到第11天时,比对照组高47.09%,差异显著(P<0.05).到第31天时,与对照组基本一致.试验组血清IGF-I和GRF含量虽然提高幅度不大,但其变化与GH含量存在着显著相关性,均在注射pGRF基因质粒后第7天达到峰值,然后降至对照组水平,其相关系数分别为0.589(P<0.05)和0.678(P<0.05).与对照组相比,试验组血清SS含量在11 d前一直呈下降趋势,第11天时降至最低点,但差异不显著.到第16天时2组均有所上升,21 d后缓慢下降,第31天时与对照组趋于一致.血清SS含量与GH、GRF的含量分别存在显著和极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.689(P<0.05)和-0.777(P<0.01).由此可见,pGRF基因质粒在体内快速表达并作用于机体,主要通过提高GRF的含量而促使GH的分泌,同时抑制SS的分泌,一定程度阻止其对GRF和GH的抑制作用,从而达到有效的促生长作用.同时本试验发现,虽然采用了颈静脉导管方法,猪血液中生长轴激素测定值变异仍较大,加强护理和增加测试猪的数量是取得更为客观结果的必要条件.     

热应激对雄性哺乳动物精液品质的影响机制及热应激公猪的营养调控

当环境温度超过机体热调控上限时,动物体将发生热应激.热应激对雄性哺乳动物的性欲、精液品质等均有不利影响,可使精子密度和精子活力下降、精子畸形率上升等.本文总结了热应激对雄性哺乳动物精液品质影响的作用机制以及热应激公猪的营养调控,以期为相关研究和生产实践提供参考.     

豪猪雄性生殖腺(睾丸)的解剖及组织结构研究

以豪猪睾丸为研究对象,观察豪猪睾丸的解剖及组织结构,研究豪猪的雄性生殖腺,为豪猪的人工繁殖研究提供理论依据。结果表明:雄性豪猪没有阴囊,其睾丸位于腹股沟内;睾丸的重量为(2.76±0.08)g,其纵径为(3.93±0.09)cm,横经为(1.38±0.06)cm;睾丸小隔不发达,每个睾丸小叶内有1~4条曲精小管,曲精小管的管壁中可见许多不同发育阶段的生精细胞,其形态多样,但精原细胞和精子细胞数量较少,未见次级精母细胞。     

三苯基锡对雄性SD大鼠性腺发育的影响

为研究三苯基锡(TPT)对雄性哺乳动物生殖的毒性作用,将20只雄性青春期Sparague Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为3个不同剂量的试验组(0.5、5、50μg/kg)和1个对照组(生理盐水)。每3d灌胃1次,暴露54d,末次灌胃24h后用100g/L水合氯醛麻醉并处死大鼠,取其睾丸和附睾。采用石蜡切片和HE染色方法观察睾丸和附睾组织学;采用分光光度法测定睾丸中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总抗氧化能力(TAOC)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)水平。结果显示,大鼠睾丸内曲精小管直径随药物剂量的增加而减小,曲精小管生精细胞和管腔内精子数量均有不同程度减少;低、中剂量组AKP高于对照组,高剂量组低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);低剂量组γ-GT活力和T-AOC显著高于对照组,中剂量组与对照组相比变化不明显,高剂量组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。试验证实了TPT在一定程度上影响了雄性大鼠性腺生长发育与精子发生,推测TPT对雄性哺乳动物具有生殖毒性。     

不同季节对杜洛克公猪精液品质的影响

本文分析了海南某人工授精站从2005年5月至2006年4月114头杜洛克公猪精液品质数据,研究杜洛克公猪不同季节精液品质的变化.分析表明,季节是影响公猪精液品质的最重要因素之一,夏季杜洛克公猪精液的品质最差,精子总数、采精量、精子密度、活率较其它季节极显著下降,死畸率较其它季节极显著地上升;秋季、冬季和春季杜洛克公猪精液的品质较好.     

The Effects of Resveratrol on the Quality of Frozen Sheep Semen

The effects of resveratrol on the quality of frozen-thawed sheep semen were studied in this study.Semen was collected from six Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep using artificial vagina.The semen was diluted with the Optidyl extender supplemented with resveratrol with a concentration of 0,0.1,1,10,or 20 μmol/L,followed by loading into plastic straws and equilibration at a low temperature.Then,the straws were pre-frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor,followed by storage in liquid nitrogen for 30 days.After thawing for 30 seconds in a 37 ℃ water bath,the parameters including sperm motility,acrosome integrity,membrane integrity,distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) and ROS were measured.The results showed that the post-thaw sperm total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 76.14%±0.97%,43.56%±0.91% and 43.24%±1.68% in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05).However,when the concentration of resveratrol in the freezing extender was 20 μmol/L,the post-thaw total motility,progressive motility and the rate of sperm with curved tail were 21.78%±0.79%,25.23%±1.34% and 4.84%±0.68%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P<0.05).The acrosome integrity of sperm frozen in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was best,which was 50.47%±0.91% and significantly higher than the other treatments (P<0.05).The results of PS distribution showed that the percentage of viable sperm in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group was 46.43%±2.95%,and significantly higher than that in the 20 μmol/L group (31.14%±3.56%,P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with the other groups (P>0.05).In addition,the PS labeling rate of sperm in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group (39.82%±3.38%) was significantly higher than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In terms of ROS production,this study demonstrated that the rate of viable sperm (ROS and PI were negative) in the 10 μmol/L resveratrol group (63.57%±0.71%) was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05),while the rate of viable sperm (32.45%±1.42%) in the 20 μmol/L resveratrol group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (P<0.05).In conclusion,the post-thaw quality of sheep semen could be improved after the addition of resveratrol to the freezing extenders,which might be related to the antioxidant properties of resveratrol.But,the cryoprotective effects of resveratrol dependents on its used doses,and the optimal concentration was 10 μmol/L based on this present study.However,excessively high concentration of resveratrol could aggravate cryodamage on sperm.In addition,the protective effects of resveratrol on sheep sperm still needs to be verified by in vitro fertilization and artificial insemination.     

Effects of Different Dietary Energy Level and Semen Collection Frequency on Buck's Semen Quality in Cashmere Goats

The experiment was aimed to study the effects of dietary energy level on body weights, serum testosterone concentrations and semen quality of Shaanbei White cashmere goat bucks.A total of 12 healthy bucks were selected and divided into 4 groups according to randomized block design with 3 replicates per group, each replicate included 1 buck.Four diets were formulated by the recommendation of NRC (1981, 2007) at 85%, 100%, 115% and 130%.The results showed as that the dietary energy level had extremely remarkable effect on bucks' ADG in each stage (P< 0.01).The weight of bucks in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ decreased firstly then increased while there were a trend of increasing firstly then decreasing then increasing again in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Serum testosterone levels and ejaculations under the frequency of two times per five days were higher as compared to the frequency of four times per five days.Dietary energy levels had extremely significant influence on serum testosterone concentrations and the number of effective sperms (P< 0.01), and ejaculations and sperm destiny significantly (P< 0.05).The ejaculations, sperm destiny and the number of effective sperms in group Ⅲ were optimum.There was dietary energy×semen collection frequency interaction on serum testosterone concentration (P< 0.01).It could be concluded that the appropriate ME requirement of Shaanbei White cashmere goat bucks was 12.08 MJ/d.     

Plasma Hormone Levels and Semen Quality in Male Cats during Non-Breeding and Breeding Seasons

Female cats are known to be seasonal breeders and male cats annual breeders. Despite this, there are limited data on the influence of breeding season (BS) on hormone concentration and semen quality in the male cat. This study compared plasma concentrations of LH and testosterone (T), and semen quality during the non-breeding season (NBS) and BS in five male cats subject to natural hours of daylight but a constant environmental temperature. Plasma LH and T concentrations were higher during the BS in 2/35 and 3/5 cats, respectively, although when comparing both hormones combined, values were higher during the BS than the NBS in all cats (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the percentage of abnormal sperm between the cats. Overall, semen quality was superior during the BS with larger semen volume in 2/5, sperm motility in 2/5 and sperm viability in 3/5 cats. Although there was a clear seasonal effect on hormone secretion and semen quality, during the NBS all cats were likely to have been fertile.     

低温和硒对育成期笼养蛋鸭性发育及相关激素的影响

本试验旨在研究低温和硒对育成期(12～16周龄)笼养蛋鸭性发育及相关激素的影响。选取12周龄金定鸭144只,采用2×3(温度×硒)交互试验设计,随机分配到低温和适温下的3个硒处理组(0.15、0.45和0.75mg/kg)中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4只试鸭。结果表明:①温度对三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)影响极显著(P<0.01),对胰岛素影响显著(P<0.05);硒对T3影响极显著(P<0.01),对T4影响显著(P<0.05),对胰岛素影响不显著;温度和硒对T3有交互作用(P<0.01)。②温度对血清促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、血清促黄体生成激素(LH)和血清雌二醇(E2)影响显著(P<0.05),硒对FSH和E2影响不显著,对LH影响显著(P<0.05)。③温度对输卵管相对重量影响不显著,对输卵管相对长度影响显著(P<0.05);硒对输卵管相对重量和相对长度影响均不显著。本试验条件下,0.45mg/kg的硒能有效地调节低温对激素水平的影响,使其与正常生理水平相接近,并能降低低温对性发育造成的不利影响。     

Effects of Exogenous Glutathione on the Quality of Chilled Bull Semen

Glutathione (GSH) at concentrations of 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mM was added to chilled bull semen to determine its effects on the keeping quality of semen used for artificial insemination (AI). The semen was preserved with egg yolk citrate extender. All samples were stored at 4-8 degrees C for 5 days. Sperm motility and proportion of abnormal acrosome were assessed daily. Sperm motility was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the semen treated with 0.5 mM glutathione than in untreated semen on each day. The optimum sperm motility (>or=50%) for AI was retained significantly (p < 0.01) for 3 days in 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM glutathione treated semen, whereas in 0.3 mM glutathione-treated semen, sperm motility was 46.8% for 3 days. Acrosomal damage was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced after addition of 0.5 mM GSH in the preserved semen. Bull semen can be preserved in chilled condition for 5 days with 0.5 mM GSH with sperm motility above 40% and 12% acrosome abnormality.     

不同季节和气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响的研究

[目的]研究不同季节气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]从采精种公牛中随机抽出5头,选取气温最高（7月份）最低（1月份）和适中温度（4,9月份）进行试验,分别对不同时期所采得的精液进行检测。[结果]在最高温度月份7月份（25℃）时5头种公牛的平均精液量为5.88mL,原精活率67.2%,精液密度16.64亿/mL,冻后活率33.8%,生产冻精数143.4剂,精子畸形率23%。1月份环境温度平均在-11.2℃时,5头种公牛的精液量平均为5.7mL,原精活率66.8%,精液密度13.3亿/mL,冻后活率37.4%,生产冻精数为275.8剂,精子畸形率17.8%。在4,9月份环境温度12℃时精液量为6.6mL,原精活率73.2%,精液密度16.92亿/mL,冻后活率41.8%,生产冻精数404.4剂,精子畸形率12.6%。精液量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,原精活率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,精子畸形率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。冻后活率和冻精生产数差异不显著。[结论]环境温度过高或者过低都会影响精液品质,种公牛在适宜的温度下生产的精液品质也会更加优良,种公牛在温度较高的条件下生产精液品质比在低温条件下还要差,种公牛最适宜的生产温度为12℃～16℃。     

年龄和保存时间对种公猪精液品质的影响

以9头成年种公猪为研究对象,分析年龄和保存时间对种公猪精液品质的影响。结果表明,随着公猪年龄的增长,采精量不断增加,18月龄左右达到顶峰;随着保存时间的延长,精子活力和活率呈逐渐下降趋势,而畸形率则逐渐上升。     

硒对公猪精液品质的影响及其机理

硒是动物生产中不可缺少的微量元素之一,其最为重要的营养生理作用是参与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的合成,消除体内自由基,并与雄性动物的精液品质有着重要关系.硒通过影响雄性激素的分泌,参与抗氧化酶及精子的组成,调控精子发生和成熟过程,从而最终影响精液品质.硒在公猪生产中的合理应用可显著提高生产成绩,饲粮中添加0.3 mg/kg硒有利于精液品质的改善.     

Effects of Antioxidants on the Quality of Hypothermic Preservation and Frozen-thawed Equine Semen

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of various antioxidants, namely glutamine (0.015 g/mL), glycine (0.019 g/mL), cysteine (0.024 g/mL), methionine (0.015 g/mL), taurine (0.063 g/mL), vitamin C (0.4 mg/mL), vitamin E (0.5 mg/mL) and melatonin (0.001 mg/mL) on equine sperm quality after chill or freeze-thaw.Semen were collected from 6 adult thoroughbred stallions, INRA82 was used as the base extender (control group), adding INRA82 with different antioxidants was used in experimental group. Assess the effect of antioxidants on semen by detecting motion parameters after storage at 5℃ for 48 h. Motion parameters, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential were used to evaluate semen quality after thawing. The extender supplemented with 25 mmol/L taurine led to higher TM and PM, and supplemented with 0.4 mg/mL vitamin C obtained significant higher PM compared with control group (P<0.05) after storage at 5℃ for 48 h. The freeze extender supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL vitamin E or 0.015 g/mL methionine significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential compare with control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed for PMI and acrosomes integrity rate after frozen-thawed (P>0.05), but there was a trend that PMI of adding methionine and glycine group was higher than control group. The results suggested that extender supplemented with taurine and vitamin C could improve the semen preservation effect, and the extender supplemented with methionine could improve plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential of thawing sperm, and also could prolong the survival time of frozen thawed sperm.     

陶赛特羊精液品质和冷冻精液保存稀释液的研究

对两只1～2岁新西兰陶赛特羊的精液品质、冷冻精液保存稀释液和制作冻精技术进行了研究.结果表明:[1]引进陶赛特羊的精子密度、活率、畸形率、冻精的平均菌落数、射精量、pH值、颜色均属正常范围,但个体间有差异.[2]在果糖-卵黄-柠檬酸-甘油(一号)、葡萄糖-卵黄-柠檬酸钠-甘油(二号)以及果糖-卵黄-柠檬酸钠-甘油(三号)三种稀释液中三号稀释液的冷冻保存效果极显著地(P<0.01)优于一号和二号.     

稀释方法对绒山羊冷冻精液品质的影响

选取7只精液品质优良的雁门绒山羊种公羊,通过测定其冷冻精液解冻后的精子活率（0、4 h）、精子存活指数、顶体完整率及精清中透明质酸酶（HYD）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）酶活力,研究一步稀释法和二步稀释法对冷冻精液品质的影响。结果表明,二步稀释法解冻后的精子存活指数显著（P＜0.05）高于一步稀释法,其解冻后精清中透明质酸酶、谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活力均显著（P＜0.05）低于一步稀释法。表明采用二步稀释法冷冻的绒山羊精液品质好于一步稀释法。