2010年国家棉花新品种展示江西德安展区总结

为了加快棉花新品种宣传和推广力度,拓宽品种推广渠道,推进棉花品种结构的优化,提高棉花新品种更新更换速度,加快农业产业化进程,充分发挥新品种对农业生产的基础作用,掌握棉花新品种的丰产性、适应性和抗逆性.2010年江西省德安县种子管理局继续承担了农业部全国农业技术推广服务中心和江西省农业厅共同组织开展的国家棉花新品种展示项目工作.现将德安县展区2010年实施情况总结如下.     

山东省棉花品种区域试验现状与对策

棉花品种区域试验是鉴定棉花新品种综合性状（丰产性、稳产性、适应性和抗逆性）的重要手段,是棉花新品种潜在生产力转化为有效生产力的纽带。科学客观地对棉花新品种做出真实评价,为正确审定推广棉花新品种提供可靠的依据,直接关系到农业发展、农村进步、农民增收等实际问题。     

2008年德安县棉花新品种展示总结

为了加快棉花新品种宣传和推广,引导广大棉农购好种、植好棉。2008年德安县承担了农业部全国农业技术推广服务中心和江西省农业厅共同组织开展的国家棉花新品种展示项目。现将德安展区情况总结如下。     

棉花高产核不育杂交新品种川杂棉22的选育

选育和应用高产抗病虫棉花新品种．能够有效防治棉花病虫害、降低生产成本和提高植棉效益。棉花高产核不育杂交新品种川杂棉22,由四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所选育．是以新育成的含不育基因msc1的优质抗病核不育系GA18为母本、抗病恢复系00—268为父本．采用“一系两用法”测配而成的高产抗病虫F1棉花杂交种。     

泗杂3号超高产栽培技术

泗杂3号系江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所（原江苏省泗阳棉花原种场）利用优良品系间相互杂交育成的优质、高产、多抗型杂交棉花新品种。该品种先后通过江苏、安徽及国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,目前为江苏省棉花区域试验对照品种和江苏省主推品种。     

棉花新品种扩繁和推广成绩显著

棉花新品种扩繁和推广成绩显著谢方灵，耿兴汉中国农业科学院棉花研究所安阳４５５１１２由国家农业综合开发办下达的棉花新品种中棉所１２、中棉所１６扩繁推广专题（８５作扩７，８）和农业部下达的棉花新品种中棉所１７、中棉所１６、苏棉５号、豫棉８号、杂２９、鲁棉...     

我国棉花新品种测试体系的建立及其功能分析

随着我国棉花商业化育种步伐的加快，需要建立棉花新品种测试评价技术体系。本文阐述了我国“十二五”棉花新品种测试体系的主要内容，总结了3年来测试体系项目的主要进展，并对新品种测试体系在棉花生产中的功能进行了初步分析。     

中早熟棉花新品种运H13

运H13是山西省农业科学院棉花研究所选育的中早熟棉花新品种,本文介绍其选育过程、特征特性及主要栽培技术。     

中棉所76在盐城的种植表现及高产栽培技术

中棉所76是中国农业科学院棉花研究所和中国农业科学院生物技术研究所联合选育的高产、抗病（逆）、早熟和优质的棉花新品种,是转抗虫基因中熟杂交一代品种,已取得农业转基因生物应用安全证书,2009年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定（国审棉2009011）。     

前苏联自然落叶棉的育成

前苏联自然落叶棉的育成杨仁民新疆农科院情报所乌鲁木齐８３００００近年来前苏联农业科学院土库曼农业科学研究所遗传育种学家们培育出一种在棉花收获前能自然落叶的棉花新品种和一系列新品系。目前正处于规划植棉区重点种植、国家级项目的大田生产检验阶段。这一新品种...     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.