闭合循环水产养殖-植物水栽培综合生产系统的工艺设计及运行效果

闭合循环水产养殖-植物水栽培综合生产系统主要由鱼类养殖池、蔬菜和花卉水培渠、循环水处理系统构成,是一种新型\"养殖-种植-水质净化\"生产模式。在上海市青浦区的实践表明:①单位水体红罗非鱼(Tilapiamossambica(♀)×Tilapianilotica(♂))和暗纹东方(Fuguobscurus)的产量分别达到58kg·m-3和12.28kg·m-3,养殖期间,氨氮浓度<1.5mg·L-1,亚硝氮浓度<0.8mg·L-1,DO>5.0mg·L-1;②水栽培蔬菜生长良好,对氨氮、亚硝氮、硝氮、总氮、磷酸盐和COD的最大去除率分别为57.46%、51.72%、3.7%、10.67%、9.72%和21.78%,水培蔬菜渠进水和出水的平均N/P分别为6.60∶1和6.53∶1;③生物过滤器对流经水体的NH 4 N、NO-2 N、COD一次性去除率分别为44.79%、20.31%、20.10%;④泡沫分离—臭氧消毒装置对养殖水体中异养细菌的去除率为93.58%,NH 4 N、NO-2 N的去除率为39.00%、38.10%,能明显提高水体中的pH和DO。     

深海浮筏式网箱高效有限元分析及结构轻量化

针对深海浮筏式养殖网箱由于结构复杂、载荷多样导致的有限元建模繁琐问题,提出了一种高效有限元分析与结构优化的方法。以某直径40 m的深海浮筏式养殖网箱为例,通过梳理算法与程序开发,实现了节点与单元定义、风浪流等载荷的参数化计算与施加,以及优化参数实时更新等功能,进行了基于ANSYS软件的二次开发,实现了网箱高效有限元建模与重构。在此基础上,结合遗传算法进行网箱结构优化,并通过引入幂次变异函数来增强优化算法的鲁棒性。结果表明,在结构强度一致的情况下,优化后的网箱质量减少了17.98%。该方法可为深海浮筏式养殖网箱的设计与结构优化提供参考。     

Use of non-linear regression to evaluate drag force and volume coefficient of structure of square cage

ABSTRACT:   Cage aquaculture is increasing in importance in fisheries. However, in past studies the relationship between drag force and volume coefficient of the cage bag, and four key factors affecting its efficiency, i.e. flow velocity, ratio of depth to width of the cage, twine diameter to bar length of netting ( d/l ), and weight of the cage has been limited to partial regression and qualitative discussion. This paper establishes two non-linear regressions of the drag force and volume coefficient of a cage bag with seven flow velocities, five ratios of depth to width of the cage, four d/l , and five weights of the cage. The experimental data are processed using the forward selection method in the stepwise regression selection procedure in order to prioritize each factor, and then establish non-linear regressions of the drag force and volume coefficient using multiregression analysis. The results show that factors affecting the drag force are, in order of importance, flow velocity, ratio of depth to width of the cage, d/l and weight. With respect to the volume coefficient, factors in order of importance are flow velocity, weight, ratio of depth to width of the cage, and d/L. The two regressions can predict drag force and volume coefficient more comprehensively than those in previous studies. Finally, the regressions are applied to the full-scale structure of the cage by Tauti's modeling rules.     

Growth performance of disk abalone Haliotis discus hannai in pilot- and commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture systems

The study investigated the growth performance of abalone from juvenile to marketable size in a commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture system. The rearing system consisted of 12 raceways (4.0 × 0.8 × 0.6 m) with a protein skimmer and a submerged biofilter for juveniles and 10 raceways (6.6 × 1.3 × 0.6 m) with a protein skimmer and a trickling biofilter for on-growing. Sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) and kelp (Laminaria japonica) were fed to the abalone. The total weight of abalone in the recirculating aquaculture system at the juvenile stage increased from 22.0 kg (average shell length 24.5 mm) to 75.5 kg (average shell length 42.5 mm) after 180 days. Feed conversion ratios increased slightly from 13.7 for the first 90 days to 16.3 thereafter. The shell growth rate of juvenile abalone between 24.5 mm and 34.8 mm was 3.4 mm month⁻¹, while for juveniles between 34.8 mm and 42.5 mm it was 2.6 mm month⁻¹. The total weight of abalone in the recirculating aquaculture system for the on-growing stage increased from 100.0 kg (average shell length 44.0 mm) to 433.3 kg (average shell length 72.7 mm) after 570 days. The feed conversion ratios for the first 173 days, the next 320 days, and the last 570 days were 19.6, 22.1, and 24.8, respectively. The growth rate of the average shell length during the on-growing period was 1.5 mm month⁻¹. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations were stabilized below 0.12 mg l⁻¹ in the juvenile recirculating system and 0.14 mg l⁻¹ in the on-growing recirculating system after conditioning of the biofilters.     

国内外工厂化循环水养殖研究进展

工厂化循环水养殖模式是一种新型的高效养殖模式, 以养殖用水净化后循环利用为核心特征, 节电、节水、节地, 符合当前国家提出的循环经济、节能减排、转变经济增长方式的战略需求。本文以循环水养殖模式应用实践为主线, 结合近几年养殖模式的科学研究和产业发展, 围绕养殖管理与应用, 分别对水循环系统对化学物质的承载力、水循环率、主要养殖种类、养殖效果和最适养殖密度等运营管理环节进行了总结和探讨, 为今后建立适用于中国国情的工厂化循环水养殖模式管理标准提供参考。

     

MODELING THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RESERVOIR AQUACULTURE IN VIETNAM 1

This study was motivated by the need to estimate the quantitative impacts of current regulatory constraints on the economic performance of reservoir aquaculture in Vietnam. Using survey data and a specially adapted bioeconomic model, we show that performance of reservoir aquaculture varies widely. The three performance criteria were fish yields, net production revenue and income generated for the local population. Results suggest that current policies regarding extension effort on fingerling survival rates and on feeding strategies, as well as regulations involving taxation of cooperatives and authorities collecting leasing fees, do constrain the economic potential of reservoir aquaculture. The forgone production revenues limit the potential for aquaculture to alleviate local poverty. This study is a first step in identifying those government regulations that have a critical role in the development of reservoir aquaculture in Vietnam.     

天津海水工厂化养殖发展历程与现状分析

天津是国内工厂化海水养殖发展最快的区域之一,近几年随着天津滨海新区地下水的限采以及环保部门对养殖尾水排放的严格控制,海水工厂化养殖面临新的挑战。天津海水养殖发展一直受到土地和海水资源短缺因素的制约,天津海岸线为浅滩泥底潮汐带,海水比较浑浊,且工业污水和城市污水排放以及渤海和黄海较低的海水交换率造成海水富营养化。天津的气温变化大,适合室外露天养殖的时间短,但天津周边鲜活海产品巨大的市场需求和其丰富的地热资源及盐田卤水条件,促进了天津集约化的工厂化海水养殖的发展。回顾了天津海水工厂化养殖的发展历史,介绍了工厂化养殖设施装备的主要特点,分析、提出了海水工厂化养殖存在的问题及发展对策。     

大型海藻育种技术研究进展及其应用

大型海藻栽培业是全球最活跃的渔业产业之一,近二十年增幅是整体渔业增幅的两倍以上,发展前景十分广阔.其中,中国大型海藻产量占全球总产量的59%,海带、紫菜、裙带菜、龙须菜以及羊栖菜产量均排名世界第一.水产种业是水产养殖业的\"芯片\"和整个产业链的源头,大型海藻产量 99%来自人工栽培,这更体现了新品种对产业的贡献度和重要性.但目前经过审定的大型海藻新品种仅有 24 个,约占海水养殖新品种的 18%,与其产量占比并不匹配.为此,本文介绍了大型海藻产业的特点、近 60 年育种技术进展和育种成果,并针对大型海藻育种技术发展现状提出了相关建议,以期为大型海藻育种研究提供一些思路.     

IS THERE A FUTURE FOR SALMON FUTURES? AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECTS OF A POTENTIAL FUTURES MARKET FOR SALMON

Many futures contracts for food commodities have been introduced; however, most of them have been withdrawn from the market due to poor liquidity. In this article, various known success factors for futures contracts are discussed with regards to a proposed futures contract for salmon. Criteria from the literature are used. The principal conclusion is that a salmon contract might have difficulty surviving for a long period of time. Alternative means to manage the price risk in the salmon industry are proposed.     

发展山东省海水健康养殖的构想和主要对策

山东作为海水养殖大省，产量约占全国的1／3。在传统捕捞业面临近海渔业资源枯竭、传统渔场面积减小的形势下，加大现代生物技术、新材料等在海水养殖业中的应用，挖掘海水养殖潜力，推动海水养殖业可持续发展，对于发展渔区经济，增加渔民收入更具有现实意义和历史意义。本文针对山东海水养殖的现状和问题，对健康养殖的发展构想及对策进行了初步探讨。     

象山港三种不同养殖方式对浮游动物群落的影响

为探究不同营养类型养殖方式对半封闭海湾浮游生态系统的影响,于2015年在象山港的鱼类网箱养殖、牡蛎筏式养殖和海带筏式养殖3种养殖区内外分别进行大、中型和中、小型浮游动物群落及相关环境因子的四季研究。结果显示,牡蛎养殖区内大、中型浮游动物群落结构变化明显,夏、秋季优势种太平洋纺锤水蚤的优势度下降,冬季优势种腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度上升;网箱养殖区内浮游动物群落变化不明显,变化主要为大、中型浮游动物优势种,春、冬季腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度下降,秋季优势种种类组成变化明显;海带养殖区内浮游动物群落和优势种变化均不明显。此外,3种养殖方式对浮游动物的生物量、丰度和α多样性均未产生明显影响。结合象山港的水文特征和养殖区内外的环境因子,研究表明,牡蛎养殖区浮游动物群落变化是牡蛎滤食行为和铁港水交换能力差的综合结果,而浮游动物优势种变化可能与水体总磷含量较高有关;因目前网箱养殖规模小且西沪港水动力条件较好,网箱区内局部环境和浮游动物的变化较小;海带养殖因面积小且仅春、冬季养殖,不足以对水质和浮游动物产生影响。此外,本研究显示不同环境中,大、中型浮游动物群落结构的变异较中、小型浮游动物明显,这可能与中、小型浮游动物群落的稳定性较高有关。     

3种常见水产养殖尾水处理技术的研究进展

随着我国水产养殖业的迅速发展,养殖尾水排放问题日益凸显。大量的养殖尾水若未能得到科学处理,会严重污染周围水环境,造成生态环境恶化,最终也会影响水产养殖业的健康发展。文章介绍了物理、化学和生物处理等3种常见水产养殖尾水处理技术,并分类叙述了水产养殖尾水处理技术的进展情况,可为水产养殖尾水处理提供参考。     

斑点鳟陆海接力养殖初步研究

为有效突破中国北方网箱养殖品种少的缺陷,并合理利用闲置网箱,通过陆海接力养殖模式,开展斑点鳟(♀Oncorhynchus mykiss×♂Oncorhynchus mykiss)的陆海接力养殖试验,并与工厂化养殖进行了对比,达到提高斑点鳟的养殖存活率,增加经济效益的目的。结果显示:从2013年6月1日至2014年6月19日,3种规格斑点鳟的初始体质量分别为(225.1±36.2)g、(102.8±23.5)g、(55.3±12.3)g,经384 d的工厂化养殖,养成平均质量分别达到(2143.4±253.1)g、(1 763.8±210.3)g、(946.3±120.4)g,存活率分别为91.2%、90.6%、89.3%;经384 d的陆海接力养殖,养成平均质量分别达到(2 408.3±321.2)g、(2 065.5±256.3)g、(1 142.6±156.3)g,存活率分别为87.5%、88.1%、85.3%,其中大规格苗种的平均日增体质量达到8.5 g/d。由此可见,最适宜进行陆海接力养殖的斑点鳟规格为体质量100 g以上的中等规格斑点鳟,且"陆海接力"养殖的斑点鳟具有生长快、经济效益高等特点,是一种值得推广的新型斑点鳟养殖模式。     

NUTRITION NOTES

No abstract available for this article.