食品添加剂检测技术与方法研究进展

简要介绍和总结了国内主要食品添加剂的检测技术与方法,主要包括人工合成色素、甜味荆、抗氧化剂和防腐剂的测定.     

Meeting environmental requirements for the land application of manure

In an effort to save regulatory resources, the US Environmental Protection Agency and individual states have interpreted the Clean Water Act in a manner that authorizes discharges from concentrated animal feeding operations without the review of nutrient management plans. Environmental groups have objected to the abbreviated regulatory procedures, and courts have ruled that permitting agencies must review substantive documentation of effluent limitations contained in nutrient management plans. Proposed new federal regulations prescribing the requirement of a meaningful review of appropriate documentation by the permitting agency respond to the judicial mandates. To facilitate regulatory approval, regulators might use a state certification program to achieve the obligatory meaningful review. Independent certifiers would ensure that an operation's land application of manure meets federal water quality requirements.     

家禽基因组研究

本文从方法学和应用效果两方面概要评述了针对家禽(尤其是鸡)的重要经济性状改良的基因组研究,包括基因组分析的内容及其对家禽育种的作用、鸡的基因组概述、鸡的微卫星标记、鸡数量性状位点(QTL)检测检测的试验设计及其研究进展.     

硒的抗氧化功能及在动物生产中的应用

本文对硒的理化性质、生物活性及其抗氧化功能的机理进行综述,并探讨了不同硒源对动物抗氧化机能的影响及在生产上的应用。     

Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals

Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been shown to exert antioxidative and antiinflamma tory effects in cell culture, rodent and human studies. Based on the fact that conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation are highly relevant in farm animals, polyphenols are considered as promising feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals. However, in contrast to many studies existing with model animals and humans, potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of polyphenols have been less investigated in farm animals so far. This review aims to give an overview about potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects in farm animals. The first part of the review highlights the occurrence and the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation on animal health and performance. The second part of the review deals with bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols in farm animals. The third and main part of the review presents an overview of the findings from studies which investigated the effects of polyphenols of various plant sources in pigs, poultry and cattle, with particular consideration of effects on the antioxidant system and inflammation.     

牛毛色基因的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外牛毛色基因的研究进展,重点介绍了MC1R、agouti基因和牛毛色的相关性研究进展,并简述了黑色素的形成和调控机制,最后对牛毛色形成的调控机制提出了一假设模型.     

Trace Mineral Deficiencies in Cattle: A Review

This review discusses the biological role of copper, zinc and selenium in ruminant nutrition. Soil, climate, plant and animal interactions are discussed in relationship to trace mineral availability. A review of the clinical symptoms associated with copper, zinc and selenium deficiences are also presented.     

How to critically appraise a paper

Critical appraisal skills enabling assessment of the validity and importance of evidence are essential for clinicians to make informed decisions regarding what new information should be incorporated into their clinical practice. This review highlights key points to consider in a critical review concentrating on common study designs used in the equine literature.     

Calf health from birth to weaning. I. General aspects of disease prevention

Calfhood diseases have a major impact on the economic viability of cattle operations. This is the first in a three part review series on calf health from birth to weaning, focusing on preventive measures. The review considers both pre- and periparturient management factors influencing calf health, colostrum management in beef and dairy calves and further nutrition and weaning in dairy calves.     

牛支原体耐药性研究进展

在对国内外牛支原体的耐药性研究进展做以综述的基础上,对近年来支原体的耐药机制进行了概述,以期为养牛业生产中牛支原体病的防治和耐药机制的研究提供参考.     

鸡梭菌性肠炎研究概论

从病原学、流行病学、症状及病变、致病机理、诊断、治疗及预防、免疫进展等方面对鸡梭菌性肠炎进行介绍,并对该病未来研究热点进行了展望,为开展鸡梭菌性肠炎的基础研究、疾病预防控制提供参考。     

Abiotrophy in domestic animals: a review.

This review of abiotrophies in domestic animals has been organized by the predominate anatomical location of the lesion. Secondary considerations include the major signs of the clinical disorder and special neuropathological features. Those abiotrophies that have an established genetic basis are identified but the review includes degenerative disorders in which the etiology is not yet established.     

Part III: a case study at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine

This article presents a history of curriculum revision. Internal and external factors prompting the initial curriculum review included the Pew Report, a vision in the college for reform, and faculty retreats focusing on curriculum. The reformed curriculum was designed around a "core plus elective" strategy and was implemented following development by faculty representatives and approval by college and university levels of review. The curriculum was reviewed after being revised and after new courses were first offered, with further review of a few courses with specific challenges. Outcomes assessment was performed and curricular adjustments made. Challenges that arose during the process included organizing and documenting content as well as communicating the content and philosophy of the new curriculum to the various affected constituencies. A summary of factors considered essential to the successful design, implementation, and review of the new curriculum is presented; the majority of these factors would be applicable to reforms at other institutions.     

Amphibian emergency medicine.

General concepts of amphibian emergency medicine are presented, including a review of patient selection, appropriate history, and helpful equipment. Physical examination procedures, general treatment, and diagnostic techniques are discussed. This is followed by a review of conditions commonly observed in amphibians and specific treatment options.     

Review of glucocorticoid therapy in horses. Part 1: Pharmacology

This article is the first in a three part review series examining glucocorticoid use in treatment of medical conditions and musculoskeletal disorders of the horse. This article provides a review of the structure and function of corticosteroids together with a summary of the available literature pertaining to the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and indications for use of, and adverse effects associated with, glucocorticoids currently available for use by equine veterinarians.     

乳清干酪产品加工现状

为了解决干酪副产物综合利用问题,丰富干酪市场,本文对乳清干酪的加工进行阐述.介绍乳清干酪来源,各国乳清干酪的分类、营养价值,生产工艺及加热、酸化pH值、乳清浓缩方法、添加奶(鲜奶、脱脂奶、半脱脂或奶酪等)、发酵剂、非乳品蛋白质等因素对产品质地的影响.     

物种多样性-生态系统功能关系的影响因素

物种多样性和生态系统功能的关系是生态学研究的重要科学问题.综述影响物种多样性和生态系统功能关系的因素,可为今后的相关研究提供借鉴和参考.物种多样性-生态系统功能之间的关系受多种因素影响,实验类型的不同引起物种多样性-生态系统功能关系的改变;小规模时空尺度下的人工调控实验结论对于区域范围的普遍意义具有较大的局限性;天然草...     

Local anaesthetic techniques for the equine head,towards guided techniques and new applications

Perineural nerve blocks are often used in equine practice, especially since the use of diagnostic and surgical procedures in the standing sedated horse have expanded over recent decades. The purpose of this review is to discuss the different perineural nerve blocks for the equine head. The review starts with the currently most used blind approaches as described in textbooks and scientific studies. In human medicine, the role of guided techniques, such as ultrasound guidance, advanced imaging guidance and nerve stimulator guided techniques, is very extensively described. These techniques are promising to use in equine medicine as well. The first studies that describe these techniques in equine cases are also discussed in this review, as well as the possibilities for neuromodulation in equine pain syndromes like equine trigeminus-mediated headshaking and the role of perineural nerve blocks in diagnosing this syndrome.     

Some aspects of the pathology,aetiology, and therapeutics of foot-rot in pigs

Extract

When the suspected existence of this disease in New Zealand was first notified in 1955, the author prepared a review of all available literature (in the English language) at Wallaceville Animal Research Station, in order to help confirm the diagnosis of the disease. A summary of that review is presented here.