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柑桔木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)是黄龙病的传播媒介,矿物油乳油是桔园常用的安全农药。本研究采用室内药效测定方法探究了凯能(nC24)、希翠(nC22)、威持(nC20)、百农乐(nC20)等4种新型矿物油乳油对柑桔木虱成虫的触杀和驱避效果,为应用矿物油乳油防治柑桔木虱提供依据。测定结果表明,直接喷施0.2%~1%的4种矿物油乳油对成虫都有显著的触杀效果,其中,威持导致的死亡率最高,0.5%和1%处理72 h后分别达88.89%和91.11%,LC50和LC95分别为2.345 g/L和7.546 g/L。柑桔木虱成虫在预先用0.5%和1%的4种矿物油乳油处理的寄主植物上存活率也都显著下降,其中,百农乐处理的效果最好,1%浓度处理后72 h的死亡率为61.5%。与对照(清水)相比,0.25%、0.5%和1%的4种矿物油乳油分别处理过的沙糖桔叶片对柑桔木虱成虫有驱避作用,其中,驱避效果最好的是威持,1%浓度时驱避率达84.85%,0.25%也达71.29%。说明,4种矿物油乳油对柑桔木虱成虫都有显著的触杀和驱避效果,... 相似文献
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2005年安徽省和县秋番茄上烟粉虱发生较往年重,2006年夏季持续高温干燥更加重了虫情的发展,不仅为害作物种类多、为害面迅速扩大,而且为害程度也逐步加深。烟粉虱具有迁飞性、隐蔽性、世代重叠及快速繁殖的特点,单一的化学防治方法难以有效控制〔1〕。生产上采用各种农业措施控 相似文献
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采用冷浸法按溶剂与植物干粉6:1体积比对大蒜、葱、韭菜和辣椒4种植物样品浸泡提取.在提取物浓度为l g/mL下,测定了各提取物对玉米蚜的忌避效果.结果表明:辣椒、大蒜的不同溶剂提取物对玉米蚜均表现出较好的忌避作用.辣椒乙醚提取物对玉米蚜的忌避效果最佳,忌避率平均为0.64;其次忌避效果较好的为大蒜丙酮提取物,忌避率平均为0.62.忌避效果较低的为葱乙醚提取物,忌避率仅为0.25. 相似文献
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苍耳等药用植物提取物对小菜蛾的拒食作用和产卵忌避效果 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
室内采用叶碟法,研究苍耳(Xanthium sibiricumPetril)等8种药用植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾(Plutel-la xylostella)的拒食和产卵忌避活性。结果表明,苍耳(果实)、雷公藤(根)和商陆(根)乙醇提取物对小菜蛾4龄幼虫的取食均有较强的抑制作用,选择性拒食率分别为86.16%、49.06%和43.82%;非选择性拒食效果仍以苍耳(果实)提取物最好,达45.23%。选择性产卵忌避率以雷公藤(根)提取物为最高(69.52%),其次是苍耳(果实)和山苍树(枝叶)提取物,分别为62.50%和57.72%,雷公藤(根)、商陆(根)、窃衣(茎叶)和苍耳(果实)的非选择性产卵忌避作用均在77%以上。苍耳和雷公藤提取物在对小菜蛾的拒食和产卵忌避的各测试中,均表现较强活性。 相似文献
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月份:11月(立冬、小雪)
物候期:落叶
管理要点:秋耕保墒、清洁果园、树干防护、冬灌保墒、果实分级、入库贮藏。 相似文献
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自1995年"寒富"苹果落户铁岭以来,结束了铁岭地区没有抗寒优质大苹果的历史,各县区大力发展"寒富"苹果产业,特别是2010年以后,广大果农的"爱果"热情空前高涨。到目前为止,全市"寒富"苹果的种植面积已达到6 700hm2,仅铁岭县至2015年就达到5 200hm2。各级政府积极加大投入,抓好龙头企业和农民果业专业合作社的发展,掀起了"寒富"苹果开发的热潮,使"寒富"苹果日趋成为铁岭东部山区农民增收致富的主导产业。但也发现了当前"寒富"苹果生产中仍存在很多值得关注的问题。管理不到位,果品质量不高,售价较低,竞争力差,影响果农的经济收入。这些在一定程度上影响和制约着铁岭"寒富"苹果的健康发展,为了从根本上解决"寒富"苹果生产中存在的问题,研究总结适合铁岭地区"寒富"苹果生产的对策势在必行。经过调查走访,现将铁岭"寒富"苹果生产中存在的问题及对策进行总结,供广大果农参考。 相似文献
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D. A. Holland R. C. Little M. Allen W. Dermott 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):403-417
In an investigation to determine the best ways in which to take soil and leaf samples characteristic of an orchard, 40 commercial orchards of Cox’s Orange Pippin, selected at random from the major fruit growing areas of England, were examined over a period of three years. It was found that:1. 24 cores should be taken at random throughout an orchard in such a way that rows and alleyways contribute equally. The cores should be bulked, thoroughly mixed, and a single sub-sample taken for analysis. In any given season 80 per cent, confidence limits on the resulting determinations will be ±0.24 pH units, ±4·7 p.p.m. of P, ±24·1 p.p.m. of K, and ±13·3 p.p.m. of Mg.2. For leaves taken from the middle third of current year’s extension growths in late August, a total of 100 leaves should be picked from at least five randomly selected trees. The leaves should be dried, ground, thoroughly mixed, and a single sub-sample taken for analysis. In any given season the 80% confidence limits on the resulting determinations will be ±0·22% N, ±0–01% P, ±0·17% K, ±0·18% Ca, and ±0.03% Mg, all in terms of dry matter.It was noted that according to soil and leaf analyses the nutrient levels in the majority of the orchards were at least adequate for fruit growing. There was no relationship between any single nutrient concentration in soil or leaf and tree performance. 相似文献
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施用农药福美胂对苹果果园砷污染的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
重金属元素砷是果品质量安全的重要控制对象之一。为了解苹果生产过程中砷元素的残留污染情况,为其污染控制提供依据,对连续使用福美胂农药5年的苹果园的果实、叶片、枝干、根系及土壤中的砷含量进行了调查。结果表明,果树喷施或主干涂抹福美胂均不同程度提高了树体各部位和果园土壤中的砷元素含量,其中叶片、主枝皮部、主干皮部和浅层主根(0~40 cm)中的砷含量较高,果实中砷含量也有所增加。喷施处理显著提高了叶片和主枝中的砷含量,使表层土壤(0~20 cm)砷含量也明显提高;涂抹处理显著提高了主干和主枝皮部的砷含量,果实中的砷含量也明显高于对照。涂抹处理的树体砷总累积量高于喷施处理,且地上部分砷总累积量均高于地下部分;各器官中,浅层主根是砷残留累积的主要部位。使用福美胂对苹果园的砷污染表现出持效期长、范围广的特点。 相似文献
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旱地果园秸秆覆盖可以使红星、新红星苹果树叶片的单叶面积分别增加9.29%和12.12%,鲜叶比重增加4.06%和8.23%,叶绿素含量提高14.38%和16.72%,叶绿素a/b比值提高2.27%和2.78%,从而为提高光合速率、促进树体生长发育奠定了基础,使叶片净光合速率分别比对照提高16.72%和18.82%。 相似文献
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浓缩苹果汁产业是我国在国际市场上较具竞争力的产业,对农民增收和农村经济稳定发挥重要作用。着眼于全产业链的视角,以组成产业链的每个环节:企业和单个行为人为基本单位构建产业的发展逻辑。市场主体根据市场环境的变化尝试通过一体化消除交易中机会主义的交易成本,但不恰当的政策干预经常阻碍这一进程,结果造成优质的浓缩苹果汁原料匮乏,果农与果汁生产商均没有动力改变这一局面。浓缩苹果汁产业的未来有赖于进一步消除政策性障碍,发挥市场主体的能动性和主动性功能。 相似文献
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J. B. Free 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):262-271
The fruit set on plum trees decreased greatly with increase in distance from pollinizer trees, and less so with increase in distance from honey-bee colonies. Trees adjacent to pollinizers had a greater set on the sides facing the pollinizers than on their far sides. Parts of trees touching “ bouquets ” had a greater set than parts without bouquets.In an apple orchard with main variety and pollinizer trees in separate blocks, the fruit set was greater on the main variety trees adjacent to the pollinizers than on trees farther away. In an apple orchard with a pollinizer tree as every third tree in every third row, main variety trees had a greater fruit set, more seeds per fruit, and more carpels with seeds per fruit, on the sides near to their adjacent pollinizers than on their far sides. The fruit set, number of seeds per fruit, and number of carpels with seed per fruit, were greater the nearer the trees were to the adjacent pollinizer.These results are discussed in relation to the foraging behaviour of honey-bees and to methods of arranging pollinizer and main variety trees in orchards. 相似文献