动物微生态制剂菌种的毒性试验

本次试验对18株细菌进行了毒性试验,其中鸡肠源细菌8株,分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌、2株枯草芽孢杆菌、短乳杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、2株植物乳球菌和棉籽糖乳球菌;猪肠源细菌10株,分别为蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、玉米乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、植物乳球菌、棉籽糖乳球菌、棉籽糖肠球菌和粪肠球菌。通过用这些细菌对小白鼠进行为期30d的正常量和加倍量的饲喂,实验组小白鼠均未出现中毒现象,试验结束时,通过对小白鼠的解剖,实验组小白鼠的肝脏和肾脏与对照组小白鼠一样,未出现任何异常变化。结果表明：本次试验所选用的18株细菌均较安全,可作为动物微生态制剂的菌种应用。     

猪肠道芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定、小鼠毒性以及体外颉颃试验

为了获得动物微生态的菌种并进一步研制猪用益生制剂,试验采用细菌分离法从猪肠道分离出50株菌,通过培养特性、形态观察、生化试验初步鉴定出10株芽孢杆菌;用这10株芽孢杆菌对小白鼠进行为期20 d的正常量和加倍量的饲喂;采用平板纸片扩散方法,用这10株芽孢杆菌对3株肠道病原菌(致病性大肠杆菌、沙门杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)进行了体外颉颃试验。结果表明:试验组小白鼠均未出现中毒现象,所选用的10株芽孢杆菌均较安全,可作为动物微生态制剂的菌种应用;10株芽孢杆菌中有6株对3株肠道病原菌有不同程度的生物颉颃作用。     

奶牛乳房炎链球菌分离株的鉴定及药敏试验

对从黑龙江省部分奶牛场患乳房炎奶牛乳汁中分离的10株疑似链球菌进行了培养特性、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验等研究,确定5株为无乳链球菌,3株为停乳链球菌,2株为乳房链球菌。溶血试验结果表明,10株链球菌中有8株出现溶血现象,其中无乳链球菌有3株呈β溶血,2株呈α溶血;停乳链球菌均呈α溶血;乳房链球菌为y溶血。动物致病性试验结果表明,停乳链球菌BHI培养液腹腔接种小白鼠0.6ml,18-24后致死率达100%;接种无乳链球菌的小白鼠均有不同程度的发病,但未见死亡;乳房链球菌对小白鼠无致病性.药敏试验结果表明、链球菌对临床上常用的青、链霉素及磺胺类药物均已产生不同程度的耐药。而红霉素、喹诺酮类药物则表现出较好的抑菌效果。     

牦牛副伤寒弱毒苗的研究 STM8002-550菌株牛体安全效力试验

我们采用醋酸铊肉汤培养基传代致弱的方法,培养出一株对小白鼠安全且免疫原性良好的STM8002—550弱毒菌株。并在牛体进行了安全效力试验,结果较满意,简述于后: 一、试验材料 1.菌种①STM8002—550弱毒菌株:为本所培育,供制苗进行牛体免疫试验用。     

猪丹毒丝菌生产用菌种CVCC43005株最高扩繁代次的确定及疫苗佐剂的筛选

为研究猪丹毒丝菌CVCC43005株作为生产用菌种的最高扩繁代次以及新型佐剂对该菌种免疫原性的影响,在对猪丹毒丝菌CVCC43005株形态、生化特性、培养特性、纯粹性、血清学特性、真空度、剩余水分含量、毒力及免疫原性等研究的基础上,建立了猪丹毒丝菌CVCC43005株种子批。将CVCC43005株(1986年冻干)用培养基进行了20次传代(F1~F20),并对其中的F5、F10、F15、F20代进行冻干并抽检测定。结果显示:抽检的各代次菌种均纯粹,形态、生化特性、培养特性均符合猪丹毒丝菌的特性,血清型为2型,真空度检查均呈现白色、粉色或紫色辉光,剩余水分含量均<3.0%,9~10CFU活菌皮下注射体重18~22g小白鼠,均于7日内5/5死亡。将抽检的各代次菌种制成铝胶佐剂灭活疫苗,免疫16~18g小白鼠后均能产生10/10保护。以F5代菌株制备菌液,甲醛灭活后,分别用铝胶佐剂、矿物质白油佐剂、洛阳赛威公司的水溶性佐剂、水性复合免疫佐剂以及法国赛比克公司的MONTANIDETMIMS1313VGNST、GEL01PR6种佐剂制备灭活疫苗,经无菌及安全检查合格后进行16~18g小白鼠免疫效果对比实验,最终确定猪丹毒丝菌CVCC43005株基础种子代数为F1~F10代,生产用菌种的最高扩繁代次宜控制在5代以内,法国赛比克公司的GEL01PR佐剂为猪丹毒灭活疫苗的最佳佐剂。该菌种作为生产用菌种最高扩繁代次的确定及疫苗佐剂的筛选,为修订菌种检定依据奠定了基础。     

反刍动物微生态制剂高活性菌种的筛选与比较

该研究的目的是对8株酵母菌和4株霉菌生物学活性进行比较研究,筛选出优良高活性菌株.方法:通过对8株酵母菌的生物量、粗蛋白含量、活菌数、发酵香味及4株霉菌生物量和产酶能力等指标的测定,筛选优良菌株作为试验基础菌种.结果表明,酿酒酵母BC和BD、产朊假丝酵母BY、热带假丝酵母BR和黑曲霉H3,以其优良的生产性能被选为反刍动物微生态制剂试验用菌种.     

牛源性大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡的人工感染试验

用从临床型奶牛乳房炎病乳分离的10株大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡进行了人工感染发病试验，结果表明，牛源性大肠杆菌对小鼠和鸡均有一定的致病性，但小白鼠比鸡更敏感，随着攻菌量的加大发病及死亡率亦增加。     

猪脑炎型链球菌的生物学特性初步研究

从广西不同猪场有神经症状的病猪脑分离到12株典型链球菌.采用链球菌乳胶凝集标准诊断试剂盒和ID 32 STREP链球菌生化试剂盒对分离株进行分群、生化特性鉴定,以及小白鼠的致病性试验、药敏试验等研究.结果表明:分离株有1株为C群,9株为D群,1株为D群但与G群有交叉反应,1株为未知群;生化反应特性不完全一致,有5株的生化特性差异性较大;12株菌均呈现β溶血;小白鼠对大部分分离株不敏感;分离株对氟苯尼考、阿莫西林、青霉素G敏感,对庆大霉素、氟派酸、卡那霉素完全耐药.     

规模化猪场仔猪黄白痢大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

从镇江某一规模化猪场仔猪黄白痢病例中分离到8株细菌,经形态学、培养特性、生化特性观察和分析鉴定为大肠杆菌。通过玻片凝集试验、小白鼠致病性试验和抗药性试验,结果表明:这8株大肠杆菌有3种血清型;腹腔接种小白鼠具有高致病性;抗菌谱基本一致:对丁胺卡那、头孢孟多、复达欣高度敏感。     

牛源性大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡的人工感染试验

用从临床型奶牛乳房炎病乳分离的10株大肠杆菌对小白鼠和鸡进行了人工感染发病试验,结果表明,牛源性大肠杆菌对小鼠和鸡均有一定的致病性,但小自鼠比鸡更敏感,随着攻菌量的加大发病及死亡率亦增加.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。