小肽吸收机制及在动物生产中的应用(续)

据报道，在猪日粮中加入0．5％大豆蛋白水解物，可明显增加瘦肉率，减少猪胴体脂肪含量，从而提高猪肉品质。李焕友等（2004）报道，在肉猪日粮中添加小肽制剂，能提高日增质量、饲料利用率及经济效益，说明添加适量的小肽制剂可替代肉猪日粮中的抗生素和抗菌药物类生长促进剂。同时添加小肽和微生态2种制剂，对肉猪的促生长效果极为理想，在提高肉猪日增质量和降低料重比等方面的作用效果均优于单独使用小肽制剂。     

发酵中药饲料添加剂对吉山黑鸡育成鸡生长性能和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究发酵中药饲料添加剂对吉山黑鸡育成鸡生长性能和经济效益的影响.试验选用11日龄体重接近健康良好育雏鸡480只,随机分为3组,每组160只设2个重复,发酵中药饲料组饲喂基础日粮中添加0.345％中药复方和0.01％微生态制剂的配制饲料、发酵饲料组饲喂基础日粮中添加0.01％微生态制剂的配制饲料,对照组饲喂无添加...     

微生态制剂在鸡饲料中的应用及使用方法

1在蛋鸡饲料中的应用在蛋鸡饲料添加微生态制剂，可提高产蛋率和蛋品质，同时可改善饲料利用率，提高饲料报酬。据报道，在蛋鸡日粮中添加0．4％乳杆菌，产蛋量提高4．6％，差异显著（P〈0．05），产蛋率提高2．4％，死亡率下降2％。用微生态制剂对蛋鸡饮水试验，与对照组相比，试验组产蛋率提高10．4％，产蛋量提高1．1％。用1％微生态制剂处理蛋鸡饲料，     

复合益生松针粉对断奶仔猪的生产性能影响试验

大量资料证明，益生素和松针粉单独饲喂断奶仔猪、育肥猪等具有促进生长、增强抗病力、提高饲料利用率等作用。李焕友等试验断奶仔猪日粮中微生态制剂适宜添加水平为600mg／kg时能较好地预防断奶仔猪的腹泻。梁明振等心试验结果表明，添加益生素的试验组与对照组相比，日增重提高4．6％。     

微生态制剂在肉鸡饲料中应用效果的研究

试验选用1日龄商品代黄羽肉鸡混合苗500只,随机分成五组,设1个对照组及4个试验组,试验组分别在对照组基础上添加不同剂量微生态制剂,以探讨其效果。结果显示：“保得”微生态制剂能够取代肉鸡饲粮中的抗生素、抗菌药组基础上添加不同剂量微生态制剂,以探讨其效果,结果显示：“保得”微生态制剂能够取代肉鸡饲粮中的抗生素、抗菌药物类生长促进剂;微生态制剂适宜添加方式为饮水中添加;饮水中“保得”微生态制剂适宜添加量为小鸡150mg/kg、中鸡100mg/kg、大鸡50mg/kg;饲料中“保得”微生态制剂适宜添加量为小鸡600mg/kg、中鸡400mg/kg、大鸡200mg/kg;微生态制剂能有效地改善肉鸡的胴体品质及消除畜产品中药物残留。     

皮粉和鱼粉饲喂肉猪的对比试验

本试验选用40～60kg的本地猪18头，进行60天的饲养试验，研究皮粉蛋白、处理皮粉蛋白和鱼粉蛋白配合日粮的饲喂效果。试验结果表明：用这三种蛋白日粮饲喂肉猪，它们的日增重和饲料报酬都很接近，但皮纷组的纯收入比鱼粉组提高了30．3％，比处理皮粉组提高了25％，经济效益显著。     

GSD—高效水解蛋白饲料的营养价值评定

在１４４０只星杂５７９蛋鸡日粮中添加３％、５％、８％、１１％的ＧＳＤ－高效水解蛋白饲料替代进口鱼粉和豆粕，进行１０３天的饲养试验，结果表明，日粮添加５％ＧＳＤ－高铲水解蛋白饲料和合成氨基酸时，产慢性能比添加３％ＧＳＤ－市郊和水解蛋白饲料高，饲料成本亦最低。蛋鸡日粮中添加ＧＳＤ－高效水解蛋白饲料对产蛋高峰有影响，但５％的添加剂量不影响产蛋鸡的健康。‘     

膨化鸡粪饲料饲喂生长肉猪试验

采用西宁市华青蛋禽公司生产的膨化鸡粪饲料饲喂生长肉猪，试验１、２、３组分别按基础饲粮的１０％、２０％和３０％添加，代替基础饲粮。经６０天试验，试验１、２、３组的平均日增重分别比只喂基础饲粮的对照组提高２３．３２％（Ｐ＜０．０１），１２．３５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和降低６．２３％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；每千克增重分别比对照组节省混合料０．３２ｋｇ、０．２３ｋｇ和０．２８ｋｇ；每千克增重所需的饲料成本分别比对照组节支０．１３元和多支出０．１４元、０．３４元。试验证明，膨化鸡粪饲料以添加１０％为宜，可获得较好的经济效益。     

早期断奶仔猪饲喂效果观察

为提高断奶仔猪日增重和饲料利用率及降低腹泻发病率，解决仔猪断奶时由乳汁转为固体饲料后多种应激因素造成的腹泻及生长慢的问题，本试验在早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加微生态预混剂，以观察用微生态预混剂代替抗生素在预防腹泻和促生长方面的效果。     

大麦酶、次粉酶在肉猪生产上的应用

在以大麦为主的基础日粮中添加大麦酶和次粉酶，经两批肉猪试验，结果表明，添加大麦酶组有促进肉猪生长和提高饲料转化率的作用。次粉酶应用于以次粉为主的日粮中，饲料转化率有所提高，但饲养效果不佳。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.