Antennae and sexual receptivity in Drosophila melanogaster females

For the female to be normally responsive to the display of wing vibrations by males, the arista and funiculus of the female's antenna must be intact and able to move freely. The arista probably acts as a sail, twisting the funiculus and thus stimulating units of Johnston's organ at its base.     

仿生物电技术在女性性功能障碍中的应用

目的 了解仿生物电技术在女性性功能障碍患者中应用效果.方法 60例女性性功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和基础组,基础组采取盆底肌锻炼治疗,治疗组在基础组基础上采用仿生物电技术治疗,比较两组治疗前后盆底肌力、阴道动态压力和性功能疗效.结果 治疗后两组盆底Ⅰ类、盆底Ⅱ类纤维肌力及阴道动态压力水平均高于治疗前(P＜0.01),以治疗组增高更为显著(P＜0.01),治疗组患者治疗性功能疗效显著于基础组(Hc=14.070,P＜0.01).结论 仿生物电技术在女性性功能障碍患者中治疗可有效改善患者盆底功能,提高患者临床疗效.     

Adrenal-mediated endogenous metabolites inhibit puberty in female mice

While assessing a potential role of adrenal glands in the production of the hitherto unidentified puberty-delaying pheromone of female mice, the urinary volatile profiles of normal and adrenalectomized animals were quantitatively compared. Six components, whose concentrations were depressed after adrenalectomy, were identified: 2-heptanone, trans-5-hepten-2-one, trans-4-hepten-2-one, n-pentyl acetate, cis-2-penten-1-yl acetate, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. When these laboratory-synthesized chemicals were added (in their natural concentrations) to either previously inactive urine from adrenalectomized females or plain water, the biological activity was fully restored.     

Increased incidence of tumor metastases in female mice

Most of the tumor cells injected into the tail vein of mice fail to survive at the site of arrest in the lungs, but the percentage of surviving cells is higher in females than in males. The surviving cells, however, grow at a similar and constant rate in both sexes.     

Enhancement of sexual motivation in male rats by yohimbine

Yohimbine hydrochloride, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, increased sexual motivation in male rats as evidenced by increased mounting performance in mating tests conducted after genital anesthetization, increased percentage of male rats ejaculating in their first heterosexual encounter, and induction of copulatory behavior in sexually inactive male rats. These observations lead to the suggestion that alpha-adrenoceptors are important modulators of sexual arousal in intact male rats. These results indicate that pharmacological treatment of sexual (libido) dysfunction may be useful.     

Testosterone regulation of sexual reflexes in spinal male rats

Castrated male rats with complete midthoracic spinal transections were maintained on exogenous testosterone; they showed intermittent clusters of genital responses consisting of erections, quick flips, and long flips of the penis when gentle pressure was con stantly applied to its base. The number of these genital responses per 30-minute test was markedly influenced by withdrawal or administration of testosterone.     

Copulatory behavior can inhibit pregnancy in female rats

If female rats received genital stimulation soon enough after their male partners had ejaculated, sperm transport and subsequent pregnancy were inhibited. Manual stimulation by the experimenter or five intromissions by a male rat were sufficient stimuli to reduce the number of sperm found in the uterus and to reduce the number of uterine implantation sites.     

Prolactin stimulation of maternal behavior in female rats

Inexperienced, hypophysectomized female rats treated with steroids were used in experiments to investigate the roles of the pituitary gland and prolactin in the expression of maternal behavior. Administration of ovine prolactin or treatment with ectopic pituitary grafts, which release prolactin into the circulation, stimulated maternal care in these females toward rat young. Steroid treatment alone, while stimulating maternal behavior in rats with intact pituitary glands, did not facilitate maternal responsiveness in hypophysectomized females. These findings indicate a stimulatory behavioral role for pituitary prolactin in the establishment of maternal care and suggest that exposure to prolactin during pregnancy helps to stimulate the immediate onset of maternal behavior at parturition.     

Severely reduced female fertility in CD9-deficient mice

CD9 is a widely expressed cell surface molecule that belongs to the tetraspanin superfamily of proteins. The tetraspanins CD9, KAI-1/CD82, and CD63 are involved in metastasis suppression, an effect that may be related to their association with beta1 integrins. Knockout mice lacking CD9 were created to evaluate the physiological importance of CD9. CD9-/- females displayed a severe reduction of fertility. Oocytes were ovulated but were not successfully fertilized because sperm did not fuse with the oocytes from CD9-/- females. Thus, CD9 appears to be essential for sperm-egg fusion, a process involving the CD9-associated integrin alpha6beta1.     

雌性阿根廷滑柔鱼性腺发育阶段的脂肪酸组成及其变化

阿根廷滑柔鱼是典型的头足类,资源生物量与其生长发育过程中营养物质积累及生殖投入密切相关。为了获知雌性阿根廷滑柔鱼性腺发育各阶段的脂肪酸组成及其变化特点,研究采用氯仿甲醇法和气相色谱法检测分析胴体、消化腺和卵巢的脂肪酸种类及其含量。结果表明,雌性阿根廷滑柔鱼胴体、消化腺和卵巢3个组织的脂肪酸均以多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为主,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)次之,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的总含量最低。胴体组织的脂肪酸种类最全面,共检测出28种脂肪酸,消化腺和卵巢分别检测出21种和17种脂肪酸。检测发现3个组织中SFA均以C16∶0脂肪酸最为丰富,MUFA以C18∶1n9c和C20∶1脂肪酸为主,PUFA的DHA(C22∶6n3)最丰富,EPA(C20∶5n3)次之。胴体的SFA和MUFA在成熟期达到最大值,在产卵期显著降低;消化腺的PUFA保持相对稳定水平,但是其含量显著低于胴体和卵巢;卵巢持续积累脂肪酸,在产卵期时MUFA和PUFA显著降低。研究表明,雌性阿根廷滑柔鱼胴体、消化腺和性腺3个组织的脂肪酸种类具有组织特殊性,而主要脂肪酸具有一致性。性腺发育过程中,胴体的SFA和MUFA可能转化为能量供给卵巢发育,消化腺的PUFA则向胴体和卵巢转移,卵巢则持续积累脂肪酸供给卵子发生。     

Compulsive sexual activity induced by p-chlorophenylalanine in normal and pinealectomized male rats

p-Chlorophenylalanine depletes brain serotonin and induces longlasting sexual excitation in male rats. The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine is potentiated by pargyline. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan to rats treated with p-chlorophenylalanine plus pargyline blocks the sexual excitation. p-Chlorophenylalanine also elicits sexual excitation in pinealectomized rats; this effect is not mediated by the lack of indole hormones in the pineal but may be the consequence of depletion of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the brain and the resulting imbalance between 5-hydroxytryptophan and catecholamine activity in the central nervous system.     

农田鼠害防治技术研究中的若干问题

本文综合评述了农田鼠害研究方面的有关问题及主要技术措施的研究进展。指出农田鼠害的有效防治除了需要掌握害鼠本身的发生规律、种群动态等生物生态学特性外，还需研究预测预报，防治指标，损失评价技术，制定防治方案，进而研究各项技术措施。化学防治是当今世界各国鼠害防治的主要手段；在一定的条件下，诱订和稳定捕食性天敌，可以有效地控制害鼠种群数量的恶性增长；不育剂的大面积应用还未取得成功的先例，但可以肯定在不远的未来，包括不育剂在内的遗传防治技术将成为现实；信息素、外激素的应用还存在许多问题；电磁灭鼠已告失败，超声波也难付诸应用；驱避剂的弱点是害鼠很容易适应它们。因此，有效的灭鼠仍然是一个引人注目的问题。     

4、5、7月龄雌性大鼠骨计量学参数的变化及意义

目的：观察4、5和7各月龄SD♀大鼠的骨量、骨形成和骨吸收的变化。方法：21只3．5月龄♀大鼠按随机排列表随机分为3组：4月龄组6只、5月龄组8只、7月龄组7只。大鼠饲养至相应月龄时处死后做骨计量学分析。结果：各组间骨小梁面积百分率(％Tb．Ar)差异无显著性；5月龄组与4月龄组比较，反映骨形成的参数矿化沉积率(MAR)、骨形成率(BFR／BS、BFR／BV、BFR／TV)都降低，7月龄组与4月龄组比较，所有反映骨形成和骨吸收的参数都降低。结论：在4—7月龄期间，SD♀大鼠的骨形成和骨吸收活性下降，但仍保持平衡状态，骨量无显著性变化。     

Sexual behavior: normal male patterning in androgenized female rats

Female rats treated with testosterone as neonates and as adults exhibited a temporal patterning of male copulatory behavior identical to that of normal males, although such females displayed few intromission reflexes and almost no ejaculatory patterns. With prenatal, postnatal, and adult testosterone treatment, female rats displayed all the characteristic masculine responses and intervals, including the ultrasonic postejaculatory vocalization.     

Adaptive plasticity in female mate choice dampens sexual selection on male ornaments in the lark bunting

Theory on the evolution of ornamental male traits by sexual selection assumes consistency in selection over time. Temporal variation in female choice could dampen sexual selection, but scant information exists on the degree to which individual female preferences are flexible. Here we show that in lark buntings sexual selection on male traits varied dramatically across years and, in some cases, exhibited reversals in the direction of selection for a single trait. We show that these shifts are probably because of flexibility in mate choice by individual females and that they parallel shifts in the male traits that predict female reproductive success in a given year. Plasticity in choice and concomitant reversals in mating patterns across time may weaken the strength of sexual selection and could maintain genetic variation underlying multiple sexual ornaments.     

紫珠属2种植物的花粉生活力及柱头可授性研究

采用培养基法和联苯胺--过氧化氢法对紫珠属植物白棠子和老鸦糊的开花过程、花粉生活力和柱头可授性进行了研究。结果表明:白棠子和老鸦糊的单花花期均较短暂,开花24h后即完全凋落。在含200mg/LH3BO3+100g/L蔗糖的液体培养基上培养24h后,白棠子和老鸦糊的新鲜花粉萌发率分别可达90.03%和91.68%;开花前48h至开花后8h,白棠子和老鸦糊的柱头均具有不同程度的可授性,以开花后3～8h可授性强。杂交授粉结果表明,花后3h进行授粉,座果率介于50%～100%之间,证实了上述体外可授性试验结果的可靠性。授粉操作的熟练性是影响座果与否的关键因素之一。白棠子和老鸦糊的新鲜花粉散粉时期与柱头可授期具有同步性,为两者之间开展杂交育种并获得杂种提供了可靠的保障。     

Requirement for RORgamma in thymocyte survival and lymphoid organ development

Most developing thymocytes undergo apoptosis because they cannot interact productively with molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. Here, we show that mice lacking the orphan nuclear hormone receptor RORgamma lose thymic expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-xL. RORgamma thus regulates the survival of CD4+8+ thymocytes and may control the temporal window during which thymocytes can undergo positive selection. RORgamma was also required for development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, but not splenic follicles. In its absence, there was loss of a population of CD3-CD4+CD45+ cells that normally express RORgamma and that are likely early progenitors of lymphoid organs. Hence, RORgamma has critical functions in T cell repertoire selection and lymphoid organogenesis.     

Infantile experience with suckling odors determines adult sexual behavior in male rats

Because infant rats learn about odors that elicit suckling, and because certain chemosensory cues that help elicit mating behavior in adults are similar to those that elicit suckling, an experiment was undertaken to assess the influence of suckling-associated odors experienced during infancy on adult sexual behavior. Rat pups lived with and suckled dams whose nipple and vaginal odors were altered with citral, a lemon scent. The rats were weaned and never exposed again, until testing, to citral or females. At about 100 days of age, the males were paired in mating tests with a normal sexually receptive female or with a sexually receptive female that had been treated perivaginally with citral immediately before testing. The males ejaculated readily when paired with citral-treated females but were slow to achieve ejaculation when paired with normal females. These findings implicate an infantile experience as a determinant of adult sexual behavior in a mammal.